The French Revolution, a cataclysmic
political and social upheaval, was extending from 1789 to 1799. The revolution
resulted, among other things, in the overthrow of the Bourbon monarchy
in France and in the establishment of the First Republic. It was generated
by a vast complex of causes, the most important of which were the inability
of the ruling classes of nobility, clergy, and bourgeoisie to come to grips
with the problems of state, the indecisive nature of the monarch, extortionate
taxation of the peasantry, impoverishment of the workers, the intellectual
ferment of the Age of Enlightenment, and the example of the American Revolution.
Recent scholarship tends to downplay the social class struggle and emphasise
political, cultural, ideological, and personality factors in the advent
and unfolding of the conflict. The Revolution itself produced an equally
vast complex of consequences.
Causes of the
French Revolution
Chronology
of the French Revolution