CABO DE HORNOS
See PRESIDENT WILSON.

CACHEMIRE
The "Cachemire" was built for the French company, Compagnie Nationale de Navigacion of Marseilles by Forges & Chantiers de la Mediterranee, La Seyne in 1883. She was a 3360 gross ton vessel, length 334.5ft x beam 41ft, one funnel, two masts, iron and steel construction, single screw and a speed of 11 knots. I don't know how many passengers she could carry, but her near sister ship "Cheribon" arrived at New York in 1886 with 707 passengers, mainly steerage class. The "Cachemire" was launched on 29.12.1883 and left Marseilles on her first voyage to Naples and New York on 7.11.1886. She made 14 round voyages on this service and left Marseilles on her last trip on 31.3.1894. In 1902 she became the "Bithynie" for the Pacquet Line and was sold in 1907 and scrapped in Italy. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Ted Finch]

The steamship CACHEMIRE was built by Forges & Chantiers de la Mediterranee, La Seyne, France, for the Compagnie Nationale de Navigation, and launched on 29 December 1883. 3,360 tons; 104,99 x 12,50 meters/344.5 x 41 feet (length x breadth); straight bow, 1 funnel, 2 masts, iron and steel construction, screw propulsion, service speed 11 knots. 7 November 1886, first voyage, Marseilles-Naples-New York. 31 March 1894, last voyage, (Marseilles-) Naples-New York (14 roundtrip voyages). 1902, BITHYNIE (Paquet line). June 1907, sold; scrapped in Italy [Noel Reginald Pixell Bonsor, North Atlantic Seaway; An Illustrated History of the Passenger Services Linking the Old World with the New (2nd ed.; Jersey, Channel Islands: Brookside Publications), vol. 3 (1979), p. 1171]. - [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 17 March 1998]

CADACEUS
The "Cadaceus" was a 1,006 ton ship rigged vessel, belonging to Shaw Savill & Co. Built in 1854 by Fletcher, Son & Fearnall, London, her dimensions were - length 56.75m (186.2ft) x beam 10.36m (34ft) x depth 6.55m (21.5ft) and wooden construction. Completed in 1854 and chartered to Shaw Savill & Co for several voyages, she was purchased by them in 1869 and sailed out of Liverpool. In 1873 she was sold to H.Edwards of South Shields and used as a Spanish trader. She was wrecked in 1874. [Merchant Fleets, vol.10, Shaw Savill & Albion by Duncan Haws] Passage time depended entirely on the weather, but the best passage times about this period were between 69 and 89 days. However, these were best passages and slower ships could take considerably longer. - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 31 May 1998]

CAESAR
See HOWARD.

CAIRNAVON
The "Cairnavon" was built in 1941 and was owned by Cairns, Noble & Co. She sailed between the Tyne and Canada. - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 24 April 1998]

CAIRNRONA
The "Cairnrona" was built by Swan & Hunter, Wallsend-on-Tyne in 1900 as the "Consuelo" for the Wilson Line of Hull. She was a 6,025 gross ton ship, length 461.5ft x beam 52.1ft, one funnel, four masts, twin screw and a speed of 12 knots. She had accommodation for 13-1st class passengers. Launched on 3/2/1900, she sailed on her maiden voyage from Hull to New York on 5/8/1900. She made her last voyage for Wilson's when she left Hull on 1/3/1908 for Boston and New York. In 1909 she was sold to the Thomson Line, renamed "Cairnrona" and refitted to carry 50-1st and 800-3rd class passengers and with a tonnage of 7,640 tons. She made her first voyage from London to St John NB in Jan 1910 (arr 25/1/1910) and a further voyage (arr 11/3/1910). In April 1910 she suffered fire in her coal bunkers while off Beachy Head in the English Channel and over 700 passengers were transferred temporarily to the Furness Withy cargo steamer "Kanawha". The fire was extinguished and she returned to London and sailed again on 16th April for Quebec and Montreal. She commenced her last voyage on 8/4/1911 when she left St John NB for London. In 1911 she was sold to Cunard and renamed "Albania". She commenced the first Cunard voyage to the St Lawrence when she left London on 2/5/1911 for Southampton, Quebec and Montreal. Her last voyage on this service commenced 17/10/1911 and in 1912 she was sold to the Bank Line (Andrew Weir & Co) and renamed "Poleric". She was scrapped in 1930. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.3, p.966, vol.4, p.1420] It was not uncommon for ships to carry third class passengers outward bound and be converted to carry cattle on the homeward passage. [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 7 January 1998]

CAIRO
See ARCHIMEDE.

CAITLIN
See GEORGE WASHINGTON .

CALABRIA
The "Calabria" was a 4,376 gross ton ship built by D&W.Henderson Ltd, Glasgow in 1901 for the Anchor Line of Glasgow. Her details were - length 376ft x beam 47.2ft, one funnel, two masts, single screw and a speed of 13 knots. There was accommodation for 20-1st and 1,150-3rd class passengers. Launched on 9/4/1901, she sailed from Leghorn on her maiden voyage to Naples and New York on 23/5/1901. From 1901-1921 (including the 1914-1918 war years) she sailed between Mediterranean ports and New York, and commenced her last voyage on 8/9/1921 when she left Trieste for Patras, Palermo, New York (arr.2/10/1921), Vigo (5/11/1921), Havana, New York (arr.26/11/1921, dep.1/12/1921) and Glasgow. She then made a single round voyage between Glasgow and New York (starting 22/12/1921) and was then laid up and was sold for scrap on 5/2/1923 and broken up at London. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, vol.1, p.465] [Merchant Fleets by Duncan Haws, vol.9, Anchor Line] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 10 May 1998]

CALEDONIA (General Info)
There were five ships with the name "Caledonia". They were all part of the Anchor Line. The first, built in 1840, was the one wrecked in 1851 near Havana. Then came the next, built in 1862, which ran aground in Dec. 1862, was refloated, then wrecked in 1872. The third, built in 1863 was scrapped in 1898. The fourth, built in 1904 was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean on Dec. 4, 1916. The final was built in 1925, was converted to an armed merchant ship in 1939 and renamed the Scotstoun. It was torpedoed and sunk in the North Atlantic on June 13, 1940. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Ted Finch]

CALEDONIA (3)
The "Caledonia" was built by Tod & MacGregor, Glasgow in 1863 for the Anchor Line. She was a 1,393 gross ton ship, length 261.5ft x beam 33.1ft, clipper stem, one funnel, three masts, iron construction, single screw and a speed of 10 knots. There was accommodation for 40-1st, 90-2nd and 300-3rd class passengers. Launched on 29/10/1863, she sailed from Glasgow on her maiden voyage to Portland and New York on 11/12/1863. Between 1863 - 1872 she sailed between Glasgow and New York except for a single round voyage in Feb 1870 Glasgow - Palermo - New York and Glasgow. In 1872 she was rebuilt to 2,125 gross tons, fitted with compound engines and her accommodation increased to 60-1st and 550-3rd class. On 10/7/1872 she resumed Glasgow - Moville - New York sailings and in August 1874 commenced her first Glasgow - Genoa - Naples - New York - Glasgow voyage. She made two round voyages on this service and in March 1875 made a single Glasgow - Liverpool - Bombay voyage. From 1875-80 she was used for the Glasgow - Mediterranean - New York - Glasgow service, 1880-81 London - Halifax - Boston (8 round voyages), 1881-84 Glasgow - Mediterranean - New York - Glasgow, 1884-86 London - Halifax - Boston (11 round voyages), 1886-96 Glasgow - Mediterranean - New York - Glasgow. On 6/5/1896 she left Genoa on her last voyage to Naples, New York (arr 19/6/1896), and Glasgow and on 23/4/1897 was sold and scrapped in Italy. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.1, p.452] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 6 February 1998]

CALEDONIA (4)
The CALEDONIA was built for the Anchor Line by D & W Henderson Ltd, Glasgow, in 1904. 9,223 tons; 152,39 x 17,77 meters (500 x 58.3 feet, length x beam); 2 funnels, 2 masts; twin-screw propulsion, service speed 16 knots; accommodation for 383 1st-, 216 2nd-, and 829 3rd-class passengers. 22 October 1904, launched. 25 March 1905, maiden voyage, Glasgow- Moville- New York. 11 July 1914, last voyage Glasgow-Moville-New York (arrived 20 July; departed 25 July)-Glasgow. August 1914, troopship. 12 April 1916, torpedoed and sunk by enemy submarine 125 miles East by South of Malta [Noel Reginald Pixell Bonsor, North Atlantic Seaway; An Illustrated History of the Passenger Services Linking the Old World with the New (2nd ed.; Jersey, Channel Islands: Brookside Publications), vol. 1, (1975), p. 466]. Pictured in Michael J. Anuta, Ships of Our Ancestors (Menominee, MI: Ships of Our Ancestors, 1983; reprint Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., [1993]), p. 39, courtesy of the Peabody Essex Museum, East India Square, Salem, MA 01970. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer]

CALEDONIA (5)
The "Caledonia" was a 17,046 gross ton ship, built by A.Stephen & Sons, Glasgow for the Anchor Line. Her details were - length 553ft x beam 70.4ft, three funnels, two masts, twin screw and a speed of 16 knots. Accommodation provided for 205-1st, 403-2nd and 796-3rd class passengers. Her keel was laid in Feb 1920 but she wasn't launched until 22/4/1925 and started her maiden voyage from Glasgow to Moville and New York on 3/10/1925. In Oct 1930 she was refitted to carry 1st, tourist and 3rd class, and in March 1936 altered to carry cabin, tourist and 3rd class. She was reconditioned in 1938 with remodelled 3rd class accommodation, new propellers and a speed of 17 knots. In June 1939 she commenced her last N.Atlantic voyage from Glasgow to Moville, Boston, New York, Boston, Moville and Glasgow and in September 1939 was converted to an Armed Merchant Cruiser and renamed "Scotstoun". On 13/6/1940 she was torpedoed and sunk by the German submarine U-25, 80 miles west of Barra Island, Hebrides with the loss of 6 lives. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.1,p.470] [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 2 January 1998]

CALIFORNIA (1)
Passenger Ships of the World, by Eugene H. Smith, George Dean Co., Boston, 1978, pp.43-44:
CALIFORNIA (1872) Anchor Line. Built by Alexander Stephen & Sons, Ltd., Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage: 3,410. Dimensions 361' x 40'. Single-screw, 13 knots. Compound engines. Three masts and one funnel. Launched March 12, 1872. Maiden voyage Glasgow - New York June 15, 1872. Services: North Atlantic, Mediterranean, India. Broken up by Italian shipbreakers in 1905. Sister ship: Victoria. [E-mail from Lou Alfano to Roy Mancuso - 15 November 1997]

CALIFORNIA (2)
The "California" of 1884 was built in 1882 for the Carr Line by Sir W.J.Armstrong, Mitchell & Co. of Walker-on-Tyne. She was 2690 gross tons, length 300.5ft x beam 38.7ft, Straight stem, one funnel, two masts, iron construction, single screw and a speed of 10 knots. Launched on 27/12/1882 she commenced her maiden voyage from Hamburg to New York on 15/3/1883. Her last voyage on this service started 24/5/1888 and she was then sold to the Hamburg America Line and commenced sailing for this company from Hamburg to NY on 13/7/1888. Last voyage Hamburg - NY 18/10/1897 and sold to another German company who renamed her "Irland". Resold to Denmark in 1898 and renamed "Wineland". Scrapped in 1904. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Ted Finch]

The steamship CALIFORNIA was built by C. Mitchell & Co, Newcastle-upon- Tyne (ship #450; engines by Wallsend Slipway Co), and launched for the Carr Line, of Hamburg, on 27 December 1882. 2,690 tons; 91,58 x 11,79 meters (length x breadth); straight bow, 1 funnel, 2 masts; screw propulsion, service speed 10 knots; accommodation for 1,250 steerage passengers; crew of 45. 15 March 1883, maiden voyage, Hamburg-New York. 25 May 1888, acquired by HAPAG (the Hamburg-American Line). 13 July 1888, first voyage, Hamburg- New York, for HAPAG. 18 October 1897, last voyage, Hamburg-New York, for HAPAG. 1897, acquired by W. Kunstmann, Stettin. 1898, acquired by Det Forenede D/S, Kopenhagen, and renamed WINLAND. 30 January 1904, on a voyage from Bremerhaven to Reval (now Tallinn, Estonia), stranded off Ronne (on the island of Bornholm, Denmark, off the coast of Sweden); after salvage and repair, sold to T. Ozaki, Uwosaki (later Kobe), Japan, and renamed NISSHIN MARU. 1910, scrapped in Osaka [Arnold Kludas and Herbert Bischoff, Die Schiffe der Hamburg- Amerika-Linie, Bd. 1: 1847-1906 (Herford: Koehler, 1979), p. 46 (photograph); Noel Reginald Pixell Bonsor, North Atlantic Seaway; An Illustrated History of the Passenger Services Linking the Old World with the New_ (2nd ed.; Jersey, Channel Islands: Brookside Publications), vol. 1 (1975), p. 395]. - [E-mail from Michael Palmer - 15 April 1998]

CALIFORNIA (3)
In the 1908-09 Lloyd's Register of Shipping:CALIFORNIA.Call sign: TNRB. Official registration #: 115305. Master: E.B. Heath, appointed to the ship in 1905. Rigging: steel twin screw Schooner; 3 decks, promenade deck and shade deck; fitted with electric light. Tonnage: 5,547 tons gross, 4.206 under deck and 2,991 net. Dimensions: 400.3 feet long, 52.3 foot beam and 26.2 feet deep. Built: in 1902 by Caird & Co. Ltd. in Greenock. Propulsion: triple expansion engine with 6 cylinders of 23 1/2, 38 1/2 & 64 inches each pair; stroke 48 inches; 568 nominal horsepower; engine built by the same company as the hull. Owners: Pacific Steam Navigation Co. Port of registry: Liverpool. Flag: British. - [Posted to The ShipsList by Gilbert Provost - 13 October 1998]

CALIFORNIA (4)
The "California" was built for the Anchor Line in 1907 by D&W.Henderson Ltd, Glasgow. 8,662 gross tons, length 470ft x beam 58.3ft, two funnels, two masts, twin screw and a speed of 16 knots. There was passenger accommodation for 232-1st, 248-2nd and 734-3rd class. Launched on 9th Jul.1907, she started her maiden voyage on 10th Oct.1907 when she left Glasgow for Moville (Ireland) and New York. On 28th Jun.1914 she stranded on Tory Island, N.Ireland; was refloated on 20th Aug, and repaired in Glasgow. She resumed Glasgow - Liverpool - New York sailings for the Cunard - Anchor joint service in Oct.1915 and commenced her last Glasgow - New York voyage on 12th Jan.1917. On 7th Feb.1917 when homeward bound, she was torpedoed and sunk by a German submarine while 38 miles W by S of Fastnet Island, Ireland with the loss of 43 lives. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.1,p.466] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 13 October 1998]

In the 1908-09 Lloyd's Register of Shipping:CALIFORNIA. Call sign: HLQJ. Official registration #: 124230. Master: Captain J. Blaikie, appointed to the ship in 1907. Rigging: steel twin screw Schooner: 3 decks; Water Ballast; fitted with electric light and refrigerating machinery. Tonnage: 8,662 tons gross, 6,791 under deck and 5,403 net. Dimensions: 470 feet long, 58.3 foot beam, 34 feet deep. Poop 70 feet long; Bridge 213 feet long; Forecastle 91 feet long. Built: in 1907 by D. & W. Henderson & Co. Ltd. in Glasgow. Propulsion: triple expansion engine with 6 cylinders of 27 1/2, 46 and 75 inches each pair; stroke 54 inches; 827 nominal horsepower; engine built by the same company as the hull. Owners: Anchor Line Ltd. (Henderson Bros.) Port of registry: Glasgow. Flag: British. - [Posted to The ShipsList by Gilbert Provost - 13 October 1998]

CALIFORNIA (5)
The "California" of 1929 was built by A.Stephen & Sons, Glasgow for the Anchor Line of Glasgow. This was a 16,792 gross ton ship, length 553ft x beam 70.4ft, one funnel, two masts, twin screw and a speed of 16 knots. There was accommodation for 251-1st, 465-2nd and 1,044-3rd class passengers. Her keel was laid in Oct 1919 but she wasn't launched until 17/4/1923 and commenced her maiden voyage from Glasgow to Moville (Ireland) and New York on 26/8/1923. Between 1924 and 1937 she made approx.20 Autumn / Winter voyages between Liverpool and Bombay as well as Atlantic crossings. In May 1929 her accommodation was altered to carry 206-cabin, 440-tourist and 485-3rd class passengers. Between Nov 1937 and Feb 1938 she made three trooping voyages and in Feb 1939 re-entered service with remodelled 3rd class accommodation, new propellers and a speed of 17 knots. Her last N.Atlantic voyage commenced 4/8/1939 when she left Glasgow for New York, Boston, Moville and Glasgow and in August was converted to an Armed Merchant Cruiser. In April 1942 she became a troopship and on 11/7/1943 was damaged by air attack 320 miles west of Oporto and set on fire with the loss of 46 lives. She was later torpedoed and sunk by an escorting destroyer.[North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.1, p.469] [Posted to the ShipsList by Ted Finch - 2 January 1998]

CALYPSO
The "Calypso" of 1907 was a 2,962 gross ton ship, built by Earle's of Hull in 1904 for the Wilson Line. Her dimensions were - length 309.6ft x beam 42.7ft, two funnels, two masts, and a speed of 14 knots. There was accommodation for 57-1st, 44-2nd and 863-3rd class passengers. Taken up by the Admiralty in November 1914, she was renamed HMS CALYX and armed with 8-4.7inch and 2-3pounder guns. She served with the 10th Cruiser Squadron until 26.6.1915 when she was returned to the Wilson Line. On 10.7.1916 she was torpedoed and sunk by the German submarine U.53 in the Skagerrak off Lindesnes while on passage from London to Christiansand. 30 crew including the master were lost. [The Wilson Line of Hull 1831-1981 by Arthur G.Credland and Michael Thompson ISBN 1-872167-58-6] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 16 February 1998]

CALYX
See CALYPSO.

CAMBROMAN
The "Cambroman" was built by Laird Bros, Birkenhead in 1892 as a cargo ship for British & North Atlantic Steam Nav. Co. She was a 6,059 gross ton ship, length 429.9ft x beam 46.3ft, one funnel, four masts, single screw and a speed of 12 knots. Launched on 6/10/1892, she was chartered to Warren Line and commenced her maiden voyage from Liverpool to Boston on 1/12/1892. In 1899 she was fitted with accommodation for 100-1st class plus 2nd and 3rd class passengers. She commenced passenger sailings for the Dominion Line on 28/6/1899 when she left Liverpool for Quebec and Montreal. On 10/3/1902 she sailed from Liverpool direct to Naples and in March 1902, commenced her first Naples - Boston sailing. Her last Boston - Naples - Genoa crossing started on 19/9/1903, and on 8/3/1907 she started the first of three round voyages between Antwerp and New York under charter to the Red Star Line. She had accommodation for 1,275-3rd class passengers on these voyages. In 1910 she was scrapped. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, vol.2, p.809-10] - [E-mail from Ted Finch to John Ursillo - submitted by John Ursillo - 30 April 1998]

CAMERONIA
The "Cameronia" of 1925 was built in 1919 by Wm Beardmore & Co Ltd, Glasgow for the Anchor Line of Glasgow. She was a 16,365 gross ton ship, length 552.4ft x beam 70.4ft, one funnel, two masts, twin screw and a speed of 16 knots. There was accommodation for 265-1st, 370-2nd and 1,100-3rd class passengers. Launched on 23/12/1919, the installation of the final parts of her passenger accommodation were delayed due to a strike and she had to be towed to Cherbourg for completion. She commenced her maiden voyage from Glasgow to Liverpool and New York on 11/5/1921 and between 1921-1924 she made several similar Cunard-Anchor Line voyages. In October 1925 she rescued the crew of the burning US Coastguard cutter "CG 128" off New York and in November of the same year collided with the Norwegian steamer "Hauk" in the Clyde. In Jan.1926, one voyage had to be abandoned off Ireland due to steering gear failure and she was forced to put back to Glasgow for repair. In August of that year she missed collision with the Cunard liner "Samaria" by only six feet in dense fog. She was refurbished in 1929 to carry 290-cabin, 431-tourist and 698-3rd class passengers. In December 1932 the ship suffered an influenza epidemic and 400 passengers were confined to their beds. It is reported that the ship's doctor made 500 visits a day to his patients. Between Dec.1934 and Oct.1935 the ship was laid up at Glasgow, and from then until April 1936 was used as a troopship to the Far East carrying a total of over 16,000 personnel. In 1936 she was refitted again and on 10/7/1936 resumed the Glasgow - New York service. In 1937 she attended the Spithead Naval Review for the coronation of King George VI and on Sept.5th 1939 left Glasgow and became the first British ship to enter New York after the outbreak of war. She made 11 unescorted transatlantic voyages until she was requisitioned as a troopship in Dec.1940. In Jan.1941 she trooped 3,000 men to Suez via the Cape and then shuttled between Alexandria and Greece, mainly with New Zealanders. In 1942 she took part in the training and run up to the North African landings (Operation Torch) and in Nov.,took part in the landings. She was hit by an aerial torpedo in Dec.1942 with the loss of 17 lives, but reached Bone, Algeria. She returned to Gibralter for repair and thence to the Clyde. In June 1943 she resumed service and participated in carrying the Canadian Tank Division from Malta to Sicily and in June 1944 was the largest troopship to take part in the Normandy landings. In Aug.1945 she was derequisitioned after carrying a total of 163,789 troops over a total distance of 321,323 miles. Laid up as 'worn out' at 25 years of age, she was brought out of retirement in July 1948 and refitted by Barclay Curle at Elderslie for use as an Australian emigration ship, with capacity for 1,266 passengers. On 1/11/1948 she commenced the first of 11 UK-Australia voyages. On 21/1/1953 she was sold to the Ministry of Transport and renamed "Empire Clyde" and in March 1958 was scrapped at Newport, Mon. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.1,p.468] [Merchant Fleets by Duncan Haws, vol.9, Anchor Line] [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 9 December 1997]

CAMPANELLO
The "Campanello" was a 9,001 gross ton ship, built in 1901 by Palmers Co Ltd, Jarrow-on-Tyne. Her details were - length 470ft x beam 56.8ft, one funnel, four masts, twin screw and a speed of 13 knots. There was capacity for 70-1st and 2,200-3rd class passengers. Launched on 29/8/1901 as the "British Empire" for British Shipowners Co, she sailed for the Phoenix Line between Antwerp and New York as a cargo ship. In 1906 she was purchased by the Italian owned Navigazione Generale Italiana, fitted with passenger accommodation and renamed "Campania". She commenced her first Genoa - Naples - Palermo - New York voyage on 7/3/1907 and her last on 17/5/1909. In 1910 she was chartered to the British owned Northwest Transport and started her first Hamburg - Rotterdam - Halifax - New York voyage on 16/2/1910. She made one further sailing on 5/4/1910 from Rotterdam to Halifax and New York and was then sold by NGI to Canadian Northern Steamships, who chartered her to their subsidiary Uranium Steamship Co. On 21/5/1910 she started her first Rotterdam - Halifax - New York voyage for these owners, and commenced her third and last sailing on this route on 13/8/1910. Renamed "Campanello", she resumed the same service on 22/9/1910 and started her last Rotterdam - Halifax - New York voyage on 9/7/1914. In October 1914 she transferred to Avonmouth - Quebec - Montreal sailings. In 1916, the fleet and goodwill of the Canadian Northern and Uranium SS Co were bought by Cunard, the ship was renamed "Flavia" and continued Avonmouth - Canada sailings. On 24/8/1918 she was torpedoed and sunk by the German submarine U.107 off Tory Island, Northern Ireland. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, vol.3, p.1117] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 19 July 1998]

CAMPANIA
See CAMPANELLO.

CAMPANIA
The "Campania" was a 12,950 gross ton ship, built by Fairfield Co Ltd, Glasgow in 1892 for the Cunard Steamship Co. Her details were - length 601ft x beam 65.2ft, two funnels, two masts, twin screw and a speed of 21 knots. There was accommodation for 600-1st, 400-2nd and 1,000-3rd class passengers. Launched on 8th Sep.1892, she sailed from Liverpool on 22nd Apr.1893 on her maiden voyage to Queenstown (Cobh) and New York. In May 1893 she made a record passage from Sandy Hook to Queenstown of 5 days 17 hours 27 mins, and in Aug.1894 made a record westbound passage of 5d 9h 29m. She commenced her last Liverpool - New York voyage on 25th Apr.1914 and made 250 round voyages on this service. On 23rd May 1914 she started her first Glasgow - New York voyage under charter to the Anchor Line and started her second and last sailing on this route on 20th Jun.1914. Returned to Cunard Line she resumed Liverpool - New York sailings on 15th Aug.1914 in place of the "Aquitania" which had been taken up as an Armed Merchant Cruiser in the Great War. She made three round voyages, the last starting 26th Sep.1914 and was then sold to shipbreakers. Resold to the British Admiralty, she was converted to an aircraft carrier and on 5th Nov.1918 was sunk in collision with HMS REVENGE in the Firth of Forth. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, vol.1, p.154] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 2 November 1998]

CANADA (1)
The "Canada" was a 8,806 gross ton ship built by Harland & Wolff, Belfast in 1896 for the Dominion Line. Her details were - length 500.4ft x beam 58.2ft, one funnel, two masts, twin screw and a speed of 15 knots. There was accommodation for 200-1st, 200-2nd, and 800-3rd class passengers. She was launched on 14/5/1896 and sailed from Liverpool on her maiden voyage to Quebec and Montreal on 1/10/1896. After two round voyages, she was transferred on 23/12/1896, to the Liverpool - Boston service. From Nov.1899 to late 1902, she was used as a transport ship for the Boer War, and on 19/3/1903 she went on the Liverpool - Halifax - Boston run. At this time she was rebuilt to a tonnage of 9,413 tons and on 22/4/1903 she resumed the Liverpool - Quebec - Montreal service. In Nov.1909 she was further altered to carry 463-2nd and 755-3rd class passengers and on 22/8/1914 commenced her last voyage from Liverpool to Quebec and Montreal, being used on the return passage to carry part of the Canadian Expeditionary Force to Europe. In 1914 she was used as an accommodation ship for German prisoners and between 1915 - 1918 was used as a transport ship. In Nov.1918 she resumed the Liverpool - Portland service until 13/8/1926, when she commenced her last voyage from Liverpool to Quebec and Montreal. She was scrapped in Italy in 1926. [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 13 October 1997]

CANADA (2)
This ship was built by Forges & Chantiers de la Mediterranee, La Seyne (engines by J.Dickinson, Sunderland) in 1911. She was a 9,684 gross ton ship, length 476ft x beam 56.6ft,two funnels, two masts, twin screw and a speed of 16 knots. There was accommodation for 120-1st, 196-2nd and 1,850-3rd class passengers. Laid down as the "Santa Lucia", she was launched on 12/8/1911 for the Fabre Line of Marseilles as the "Canada". She commenced her maiden voyage on 3/3/1912 when she sailed from Marseilles for Naples, Palermo and New York. On 19/6/1914 she started her last voyage between Marseilles, New York and Marseilles and in August of that year became a French Hospital Ship. On 15/5/1919 she resumed the Marseilles - New York service until 1/8/1928 when she commenced her last transatlantic voyage between Marseilles, Genoa, Lisbon, New York and Marseilles. In 1930 she was overhauled and transferred to the West coast of Africa service. In World War II she became a hospital ship again until resuming the Marseilles - W.Africa service on 5/10/1947. She was refitted to carry 140-1st, 119-2nd and 85-3rd class passengers and stayed on this service until August 1952, when she was sold and scrapped at Newport, Mon. (S.Wales). [ North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.3,p.1135] [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 12 December 1997]

CANADIAN
The first two "Canadian"s were wrecked in 1857 and 1861 respectively.

The third "Canadian" owned by the Allan Line was a 2,911 gross ton ship built by T.Royden & Sons, Liverpool in 1872. Her details were - length 349.9ft x beam 35.6ft, one funnel, three masts, iron construction, single screw and a speed of 11 knots. There was passenger accommodation for 25-1st and 850-2nd class. Launched in August 1872, she sailed from Liverpool on her maiden voyage to Quebec and Montreal on 23/8/1873. On 2/12/1873 she commenced her first Liverpool - St John's NF - Halifax - Baltimore voyage and on 14/5/1874 started her first Glasgow - Quebec - Montreal crossing. She inaugurated a Glasgow - Montevideo - Buenos Aires service for the Allan Line when she sailed from Glasgow on 11/11/1876 and in 1882 was chartered as a troopship for the Egyptian Expedition. Her first Glasgow - Boston sailing started on 21/5/1884 and her first Glasgow - Philadelphia sailing on 25/6/1884. She left Glasgow on her last North Atlantic voyage on 1/10/1891 and her last Glasgow - S.America voyage on 22/9/1902. She was scrapped the following year. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.1, p.314] [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 13 January 1998]

CANOPIC
The "Canopic" was built in 1900 for the Dominion Line as the "Commonwealth" by Harland & Wolff, Belfast; this was a 12,097 gross ton ship, length 578.3ft x beam 59.3ft, one funnel, two masts, twin screw and a service speed of 16 knots. There was accommodation for 250-1st, 250-2nd and 800-3rd class passengers. Launched on 31/5/1900, she sailed from Liverpool on her maiden voyage to Boston on 4/10/1900. In November 1901 she made the first of three Boston - Naples - Genoa round voyages and on 10/4/1902 resumed Liverpool - Boston sailings. She commenced her last voyage on this service on 5/11/1903 and then went to the White Star Line when they took over Dominion Line's Boston and Mediterranean services Renamed "Canopic", she resumed Liverpool - Boston voyages on 14/1/1904 and later the same month commenced Boston - Naples - Genoa sailings. On 23/8/1914 she started her first New York - Naples - Genoa - Boston - New York voyage, and arrived in Boston on her last crossing from Genoa and Naples on 30/3/1918. On 6/2/1919 she commenced her first Liverpool - Boston - New York voyage and on 27/2/1919 resumed New York - Mediterranean voyages. She made her last Genoa - Naples - Boston - New York voyage in October 1921 and on 13/4/1922 transferred to the Liverpool - Halifax - Boston route with cabin and 3rd class passengers. On 13/5/1922 she started the first of six Liverpool - Quebec - Montreal sailings and on 10/11/1922 transferred to the Bremen - Southampton - Halifax - New York service. Her last Hamburg - Southampton - Halifax - New York sailing was on 4/5/1924 and in September 1924 she made a single Liverpool - Philadelphia (arr.29/9/1924) round voyage. She started her final voyage on 20/3/1925 when she left Liverpool for Halifax and Portland and in October of that year was scrapped at Briton Ferry. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, vol.2, p.763] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 8 July 1998]

CANTERBURY
This was a three masted, iron built, ship rigged sailing vessel built by Robert Duncan in 1874 for the Albion Line. She was a 1,308 gross ton ship, length 239.8ft x beam 36ft x depth 20.7ft (73,09m x 10,97m x 6.31m) She entered service in 1874 and was transferred to Shaw Savill & Albion on formation of the company in 1882. In 1904 she was sold to N.A.Lydersen, Tvedsstrand, Norway and was eventually scrapped at Savona in 1927.[Merchant Fleets by Duncan Haws, vol.10, Shaw Savill & Albion] This is all I have on this ship. - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 27 August 1998]

CANTIGNY
See AROSA KULM.

CAPTAIN COOK
See LETITIA.

CARAMANIE
See P.CALAND.

CARAVAN
The ship CARAVAN was built at Bath, Maine, by the shipbuilders Hall, Snow & Co, in 1855, and was registered at the Port of New York on 27 May 1856. She was 1,362 tons; 195 ft x 38 ft 10 in x 19 ft 5 in (length x beam x depth of hold) [William Armstrong Fairburn, Merchant Sail (Center Lovell, Maine: Fairburn Marine Educational Foundation, [1945-55]), vol. 5, pp. 3199 and 3207; Forrest R. Holdcamper, comp., List of American-flag Merchant Vessels that received Certificates of Enrollment or Registry at the Port of New York, 1789-1867 (Record Groups 41 and 36), National Archives Publication 68-10, Special Lists 22 (Washington, DC: National Archives and Records Service, 1968), p. 104]. - [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 28 March 1998]

CARIBIA
See VULCANIA.

CARIB PRINCE (of 1894)
See PRINCE LINE FREIGHTERS

CARINTHIA
The Carinthia was one of four sister ships built for Cunard in 1956 at John Brown Shipyards near Glasgow. One of the other three was called Saxonia, and I can't remember the names of the other two. All four were taken off the Liverpool-Montreal run in 1966 after aeroplanes carried more and more transatlantic passengers. Two of the four were scrapped. The other two, including the Carinthia, were sold to other shipping lines. Until about a year ago it was called Fair Princess, running the route from San Francisco to Alaska, after some extensive renovations in the 1970's. It was run by the Princess Lines and was one of their few deep-draft ships. Most modern passenger ships are being built as 'scows', i.e. flat bottom. Before being Fair Princess, I believe it was called Fairsea. This ship is now over 40 years old, so probably won't last too much longer. The last I heard it had been sold to a travel company for Mediterranean cruises. Anybody heard any recent news on this ship?. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Phil Jones - 17 June 1997]

The "Carinthia" was built by John Brown & Co, Glasgow in 1955 for the Cunard Line, this was a 21,947 gross ton ship, length overall 608.3ft x beam 80.3ft, one funnel, one mast, twin screw and a speed of 21 knots. She was fitted with stabilisers and had accommodation for 154-1st and 714-tourist class passengers. Launched on 14th Dec.1955, she was one of four sister ships, the others being "Saxonia", "Ivernia", and "Sylvania". Her maiden voyage started on 27th Jun.1956 when she left Liverpool for Quebec and Montreal, and she continued Liverpool - Montreal sailings in the summer and Liverpool - New York in the winter. Her last voyage on this route commenced 13th Oct.1967 when she sailed from Liverpool to Quebec, Montreal, Havre and Southampton. She then sailed Southampton - Quebec - Montreal - Southampton until starting her final voyage on 23rd Nov. 1967. Sold to Fairland Shipping Corp, Monrovia (Sitmar) in 1968 and renamed "Fairland", she was intended for the Southampton - New Zealand service of the Sitmar Line, but was laid up at Southampton until 1970. In Feb.1970 she arrived at Trieste and was converted to a 21,916 ton cruise liner, and in 1971 was renamed "Fairsea". Further rebuilt to 16,627 gross tons and with accommodation for 884 passengers, she commenced cruising from US ports in July 1972. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, vol.1, p.172] [Great Passenger Ships of the World by Arnold Kludas, vol.6 ,p.34] I don't have any info on her after this date.There are photos of her as the "Carinthia" in Great Passenger Ships of the World by Kludas, Vol.5 ISBN 0-85059-265-8 and as the "Fairsea" in Vol.6 ISBN 0-85059-747-1. - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 10 September 1998]

CARLOTTA
See MAGDALENE .

CARMANIA (1)
Carmania I built 1905 in service 1905-1932, Cunard Line 19,524 tons, 678x72 ft. 18 knots. built by John Brown & Co. maiden voyage Liverpool-New York 2 Dec.1905 took a leading part in the rescue of passengers and crew from the burning British liner Volturno in the north Atlantic, 9 Oct.1913, commissioned as armed merchant cruiser 1914, engaged and sank the armed German liner Cap Trafalgar off Trinidad Island, 14 Sept. 1914. resumed passenger service Dec. 1918 broken up Blyth 1932. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Paul Petersen - 18 June 1997]

Built by John Brown & Co, Glasgow in 1905 for the Cunard Line, this was a 19,524 gross ton ship, length 650.4ft x beam 72.2ft, twp funnels, two masts, triple screw and a service speed of 18 knots. There was accommodation for 300-1st, 350-2nd and 2,000-3rd class passengers. Launched on 21/2/1905, she sailed from Liverpool on 2/12/1905 on her maiden voyage to Queenstown (Cobh) and New York. In October 1913 she was the first ship to arrive at the rescue operation of passengers and crew from the blazing "Volturno" and rescued many survivors. She started her last pre-war voyage between Liverpool - Queenstown and New York on 18/7/1914 and in August of that year was converted to an Armed Merchant Cruiser. On 14/9/1914 she sank the German Armed Merchant Cruiser "Cap Trafalgar" off Trinidad Island and resumed commercial sailings on 11/11/1916 when she left Liverpool for New York. She transferred to the Southampton - Cherbourg - New York service on 22/10/1921 and on 3/5/1922 resumed Liverpool - Queenstown - New York sailings. Her first Liverpool - Quebec voyage commenced 15/5/1924 with cabin and 3rd class passengers and on 29/11/1924 she started her first Liverpool - Queenstown - Boston - New York voyage. On 27/5/1926 she started London - Havre - Southampton - New York voyages with winter sailings from Liverpool. She was refitted in October 1926 to carry 425-cabin 365-tourist and 650-3rd class passengers. Her last voyage was from London to Havre (dep.25/7/1931), Southampton and New York and in 1932 she was scrapped at Blyth. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.1,p.157] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 13 July 1998]

CARMANIA (2)
Carmania II built 1954 in service 1963- 21,370 tons, formerly Saxonia, Cunard Line, refitted for cruise service 1963 renamed Carmania.[Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Paul Petersen - 18 June 1997]

CARMIA
See CASSANDRA.

CARN BRAE
The "Carn Brae" was a 1,685 gross ton collier belonging to E.Handcock & Co, Cardiff and was built in 1882. She was used to carry coal from the coalfields to Gasworks around the coast. In 1916 she was sold to the Gas, Light and Coke Co, under the management of Stephenson Clarke & Co, who were the largest firm of collier owners and managers in the UK. They renamed her "Lanterna" but she was mined and sunk on Oct.6th 1916, 2.5 miles NE of Cromer. [Sea Breezes Magazine , Jan.1958] [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch 3 January 1998]

CAROLINE (1)
See WILHELMINE.

CAROLINE (2)
The "Caroline" was a 6,693 gross ton ship, built by Chantiers & Ateliers de Provence, Port de Bouc in 1908 for Compagnie Generale Transatlantique (French Line). Her details were - length 413.2ft x beam 52.1ft, one funnel, two masts, twin screw and a service speed of 14 knots. She was built with accommodation for 50-2nd and 46-3rd class passengers, but this was soon increased to 150-2nd and 750-3rd class. Launched on 14/7/1908, she sailed from Havre on her maiden voyage to New York on 26/12/1908. After 25 round voyages on this service, the last starting 27/4/1912; she transferred to the Havre - Quebec - Montreal service in August 1912. Her sixth and last voyage on this route was in July 1914 when the service was curtailed due to the outbreak of the Great War. On 31/7/1920 she commenced Bordeaux - New York sailings with cabin and 3rd class passengers, and started her last crossing on 12/4/1921. In 1929 she was renamed "Jacques Cartier" and became an officers cadets' training ship. She commenced sailings from Havre to New York with cargo only on 1/12/1929 and in December 1931 was laid up at Brest. In 1934 she was scrapped at Genoa. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.2,p.660] - {posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 8 March 1998]

CARPATHIA
The "Carpathia" was built in 1902 by C.S.Swan & Hunter, Wallsend-on-Tyne (engines by Wallsend Slipway Co Ltd). She was a 13,555 gross ton ship, length 540ft x beam 64.5ft, one funnel, four masts, twin screw and a speed of 14 knots. There was passenger accommodation for 204-2nd class and 1,500-3rd class. Launched on 6/8/1902, she sailed on her maiden voyage from Liverpool to Queenstown (Cobh) and Boston on 5/5/1903.After this voyage, she transferred to the Liverpool - Queenstown - New York service on 28/5/1903. On 24/11/1903 she commenced her first New York - Trieste sailing with 1st and 3rd class passengers and on 17/5/1904 resumed New York - Queenstown - Liverpool. On 29/11/1904 she went back to the New York - Trieste route and on 30/5/1905 resumed the New York - Queenstown - Liverpool service. She started her last voyage on this route on 19/9/1905 and was then refitted to carry 100-1st, 200-2nd and 2,250-3rd class passengers. She resumed sailings between Trieste, Fiume, Palermo and New York on 27/10/1905 and on 18/4/1912 arrived in New York with 700 "Titanic" survivors. She commenced her last Piraeus - Messina - Palermo - Naples - Genoa - Lisbon - New York voyage on 13/4/1915 and transferred to the Liverpool - New York service in July 1915. On 17/7/1918 she was torpedoed and sunk by the German submarine U.55, 120 miles west of Fastnet, with the loss of 5 lives. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, vol.1, p.156] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 15 July 1998]

CARRICK
See CITY OF ADELAIDE.

CARTHAGINIAN
The "Carthaginian" was a 4444 ton vessel built by the Govan Shipbuilding Co. at Glasgow in 1884 for the British Allan Line. Her dimensions were length 386.4ft x beam 45.2 ft. She had a straight stem, one funnel and three masts, single screw and her service speed was 12 knots. Accomodation was provided for 64 1st class, 32 2nd class and 1000 3rd class passengers. On 14.6.1917. she was sunk by a mine near Inishtrahull. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Ted Finch - 6 July 1997]

The "Carthaginian" was built by the Govan Shipbuilding Co, Glasgow in 1884 for the Allan Line of Glasgow. She was a 4,444 gross ton vessel, length 386.4ft x beam 45.2ft, one funnel, three masts, single screw and a speed of 12 knots. There was accommodation for 64-1st, 32-2nd and 1,000-3rd class passengers. Launched on 9/10/1884, she sailed from Glasgow on her maiden voyage to Boston on 6/12/1884. On 23/4/1885 she commenced her first voyage from Glasgow to Quebec and Montreal, on 8/6/1886 her first Liverpool - Baltimore voyage and on 9/5/1889 her first Liverpool - Quebec - Montreal voyage. On 29/10/1889 she started her last run from Liverpool to Quebec and Montreal (6 Round voyages) and on 29/4/1890 resumed the Liverpool - Baltimore service. On 8/4/1893 she began sailing between Glasgow, Liverpool and Philadelphia and on 6/5/1897 resumed the Liverpool - Quebec - Montreal route. She commenced her last voyage on this service on 9/6/1898 (9 round voyages) and from 1898 onwards was mainly on the Glasgow to Philadelphia or Boston run. In 1901 she was fitted with new boilers and in Jan.1913 caught fire at sea near Halifax, but the fire was extinguished. On 2/12/1914 she sailed from Glasgow to Liverpool and Philadelphia. On 1/10/1915 she went to Canadian Pacific and on 13/9/1916 sailed from Montreal to Quebec and Glasgow. On 14/6/1917 she struck a mine near Inistrahull, which had been laid by the German submarine U.79 and sank with no loss of life. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.1,p.316] [Canadian Pacific-100 years by George Musk] [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 19 November 1997]

CASERTA
CASERTA - 1904 The Navagazione Generale Italiana Line. Built by Sir W. G. Armstrong, Whitworth and Company..Newcastle England. Tonnage 7,028. Dimentions 420'x51'. . Twin screw, 14 knots. Triple expansion engines. Two masts and one funnel. Renamed Venezuala ( 1923 ) Scrapped in 1928. Ex-MENDOZA. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Ted Finch]

CASPIAN
The "Caspian" was a 2,728 gross ton ship owned by the Allan Line of Liverpool. She was built by the London & Glasgow Co, Glasgow and was launched on 1/2/1870. Her details were - length 349.6ft x beam 38ft, clipper stem, one funnel, three masts (rigged for sail), iron construction, single screw and a speed of 11 knots. There was capacity for 80-1st and 600-3rd class passengers. She started her maiden voyage on 5/11/1870 when she sailed from Liverpool for Quebec and Montreal. On 8/12/1870 she made her first Liverpool - Baltimore sailing and in 1882 was fitted with compound engines by Laird Bros, Birkenhead. In 1882 she was used as a troopship for the Egyptian Expedition and then returned to the North Atlantic trade. She started her last Liverpool - Baltimore voyage on 27/9/1892 and was then laid up until 1896 when she made a single round voyage between Glasgow and Boston (commencing 11/12/1896). On 20/3/1897 she commenced a single round voyage between Glasgow and Portland and was scrapped later the same year. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.1, p.313] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 25 May 1998]

CASSANDRA
SS Cassandra, Donaldson Line.; funnel-black with white band; flag-red-white-blue tricolor with blue 'D' in centre. Donaldson Line of Glasgow began in 1858. The earliest steamships appeared in 1870 and for 8 years made occasional voyages to Montreal. A regular freight service was then established and emigrants taken when opportunity offered. Built at Clyde, Scott Yard.Years of service 1906-1923. 8150 tons, 455x53 ft. 1 funnel, 2 masts. 3E-2 engines. 13 1/2 knots. Cassandra had her passenger quarters removed in 1925 and was renamed Carmia, to become the Bernstein Line Drachenstein 4 years afterwards. [Posted to The ShipsList by Paul Petersen - 27 November 1997]

The "Cassandra" was built by Scott's Shipbuilding and Engineering Co Ltd, Greenock in 1906 for the Donaldson Line of Glasgow. Her details were 7,396 gross tons, length 455ft x beam 53.2ft, one funnel, two masts, twin screw and a speed of 14 knots. There was accommodation for 200-2nd class and 1,000-3rd class passengers. Launched on 27/6/1906, she sailed from Glasgow on her maiden voyage to Quebec and Montreal on 22/9/1906. In 1908 she was rebuilt to 8,135 tons and on 20/11/1924, commenced her last passenger voyage from Glasgow to Portland. In 1925 she was renamed "Carmia" and was used as a cargo ship until Dec.1929 when she was sold to Bernstein of Hamburg, who renamed her "Drachenstein". She was scrapped in Germany in 1934. The Donaldson Line closed down in 1967, the goodwill of the company was disposed of to the Blue Star Line. Bernstein's Red Star Line was split in 1939, part of the fleet going to Holland America Line and part to the Horn Line of Hamburg. Arnold Bernstein was arrested by the Nazis in 1937 and jailed for suupposedly violating currency regulations. He was released from a concentration camp in 1939, and went to New York where he founded the Arnold Bernstein Shipping Co.[North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.3,p.1013] [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 28 November 1997]

CASSEL
SS Cassel. Built in 1901 by Tecklenborg for Norddeutscher Lloyd. 7,543 tons; 428 feet long x 54 feet broad; 1 funnel, 2 masts; twin screw propulsion, service speed 13 knots. Interchangeable between the various Norddeutscher Lloyd service routes, but mostly in the Bremen- Baltimore service. 1919 handed over to France as war reparations, and renamed "Marechal Gallieni" [Noel Reginald Pixell Bonsor, North Atlantic Seaway; An Illustrated History of the Passenger Services Linking the Old World with the New (Prescott, Lancashire: T. Stephenson & Sons., 1955), p. 188]..[Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 11 June 1997]

The "Cassel" was built for North German Lloyd in 1901 by J.C.Tecklenborg, Geestemunde. She was a 7,543gross ton ship, length 428.9ft x beam 54.3ft, one funnel, two masts, twin screw and a speed of 13 knots. There was accommodation for 140-2nd and 1,938-3rd class passengers. Launched on 31/7/1901, she sailed from Bremen on her maiden voyage to New York on 26/10/1901. On 26/6/1902 she commenced her first Bremen - Baltimore voyage and on 17/11/1910 started her first Bremen - Philadelphia - Galveston voyage. She commenced the first of 3 voyages from Bremen to Capetown and Australia on 7/10/1911 and her first Bremen - Boston voyage on 8/10/1913. On 14/5/1914 she started her first voyage from Bremen to New York, Philadelphia and Galveston and in August of that year was laid up in Germany. In 1919 she went to the French company, Messageries Maritimes and was renamed "Marechal Gallieni" and in 1926 was scrapped at La Seyne. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.2,p.565] [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 4 January 1998]

CASSIUS
See RHAETIA (1).

CASTALIA
The "Castalia" of 1880 was built by Charles Connell & Co, Glasgow in 1872, for Handyside & Henderson, who later became the Anchor Line of Glasgow. She was a 2201 gross ton vessel, length 306.6ft x beam 34.6ft, one funnel, three masts, iron construction, single screw and a speed of 11 knots. There was accommodation for 75-1st, 150-2nd and 600-3rd class passengers. Launched on 17/12/1872, she commenced her maiden voyage from Glasgow - New York on 12/3/1873. After 11 round voyages on this service, she was transferred in July 1874 to the Glasgow - Genoa - Marseilles - Naples - Messina - New York - Glasgow run. She completed 26 voyages on the Glasgow - Mediterranean - New York - Glasgow service (Maximum number of passengers carried - 554). On 20/5/1884 she was wrecked near Denia, Spain.[North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor. Vol.1.p458.] [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Ted Finch - 23 September 1997]

CASTEL FORTE
See FAIRSKY.

CASTILLIAN PRINCE (of 1898)
See PRINCE LINE FREIGHTERS

CATALONIA
The "Catalonia" was built for the Cunard Steamship Co. in 1881 by J & G.Thomson, Glasgow. She was a 4,841 gross ton ship, length 429.6ft x beam 43ft, one funnel, three masts (rigged for sail), iron construction, single screw and a speed of 13 knots. There was capacity for 200-1st and 1,500-3rd class passengers. Launched on 14th May 1881, she sailed from Liverpool on her maiden voyage to Queenstown (Cobh) and New York on 6th Aug.1881. Her last voyage on this service started on 3rd Mar.1883 and she transferred to the Liverpool - Queenstown - Boston service on 18th Apr.1883. She started her last sailing on this route on 19th Sep.1899, made one voyage as a Boer War transport in November of that year and was scrapped in Italy in 1901. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, vol.1, p.152] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 27 August 1998]

CATANIA (1)
The "Catania" of 1884 was built in 1881 by A.Stephen & Sons, Glasgow for the Sloman Line of Hamburg. She was a 2,216 gross ton ship, length 315.1ft x beam 35.7ft, straight stem, one funnel, two masts, iron construction, single screw and a speed of 11 knots. There was accommodation for 600-3rd class passengers. Launched on 13/4/1881, she sailed from Hamburg on her maiden voyage to Cape Town and Australia in May 1881. On 13/4/1890 she commenced Hamburg - Philadelphia voyages for Sloman's Union Line and on 20/12/1897 was sold to Funch, Edye & Co, New York. In 1908 she was converted to a 3,269 ton tanker for San Francisco owners and on 7/1/1920 was wrecked at New Orleans. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.3,p.1167] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 13 March 1998]

The steamship CATANIA was built by A. Stephen & Sons, Glasgow, for the Hamburg shipping firm of Rob. M. Sloman & Co, and launched on 13 April 1881 (registered at Hamburg 17 May 1881). 2,209.74 tons; 95,45 x 10,83 x 6,95 meters (length x breadth x depth of hold); straight bow, 1 funnel, 2 masts; iron construction, screw propulsion, service speed 11 knots; accommodation for 600 passengers in steerage. May 1881, maiden voyage, Hamburg-Cape Town-Australia. She ran for Sloman between Hamburg and Australia (although not as part of the Australia- Sloman Linie AG) until Sloman, faced with direct competition on the Germany - Australia route from Norddeutscher Lloyd, who had obtained a government postal subsidy, withdrew from the Australia passenger trade in 1886. Master: 1881-1884 - M. C. Petersen; 1884-1886 - G. Koch; 1887-1890 - H. Franck. Voyages: 1881 - Australia (twice); 1882 - Australia/Surabaja; 1882 - Australia/Rangoon; 1883 - Australia/Iquique; 1884-1885 - Australia; 1886 - Australia/New York 1887-1890, general trader between Europe and North America. 13 April 1890, first voyage, Hamburg-Philadelphia, for the joint Hamburg American/Union Line service. (Sloman and his nephew, Edward Carr, had founded the Union Line in 1886, as a holding company for a Hamburg-New York passenger service.) 1894, withdrawn from the Hamburg-Philadelphia service when this becomes the sole responsibility of the Hamburg American Line, December 1897, sold to Funch, Edye & Co, New York (the Edye family were relatives of the Sloman's: in 1881, John Alfred Edye owned 6/96ths, and in 1888 10/200ths, of the CATANIA). 1908, converted to a tanker; tonnage 3,269 tons (San Francisco owners). 7 January 1920, wrecked at New Orleans [Ernst Hieke, Rob. M. Sloman Jr., errichtet 1793, Veroffentlichungen der Wirtschaftsgeschichtlichen Forschungsstelle e.V., Hamburg, 30 (Hamburg: Verlag Hanseatischer Merkur, 1968), p. 384; Noel Reginald Pixell Bonsor, North Atlantic Seaway; An Illustrated History of the Passenger Services Linking the Old World with the New_(2nd ed.; Jersey, Channel Islands: Brookside Publications), vol. 3 (1979), p. 1167]. - [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 13 March 1998]

CATANIA (2)
The Union Line later became a subsidiary of the Hamburg America Line. There was a later "Catania" of 1898 belonging to the same company, but as far as I know, she never sailed to Australia. This was the ship you mention, and later became the Furness ship "Almeriana". - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 13 March 1998]

The second "Catania" was built by Raylton Dixon & Co, Middlesborough (engines by T.Richardson & Sons, Hartlepool) in 1888. She was a 2,861 gross ton ship, length 324.8ft x beam 40.2ft, straight stem, one funnel, three masts, steel construction, single screw and a speed of 11 knots. There was passenger accommodation for 600-3rd class. She was launched on 5/11/1888 as the British owned "Ethuca", and on 13/1/1898 was purchased by Sloman and renamed "Catania". She commenced her first Hamburg - New York voyage on 2/4/1898 and remained on this service until being sold to Furness Lines in 1905 and renamed "Almeriana". In 1914 she was scrapped at Briton Ferry. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.3, p.1167]

CATLIN
See GEORGE WASHINGTON (2).

CAVOUR
See FLORIDA.

CECILIA
See JUNO.

CEDRIC
The "Cedric" was built for the White Star Line in 1902 by Harland & Wolff, Belfast. She was a 21,035 gross ton ship, length 680.9ft x beam 75.3ft, two funnels, four masts, twin screw and a speed of 16 knots. There was accommodation for 365-1st, 160-2nd and 2,352-3rd class passengers. Launched on 21st Aug.1902, she commenced her maiden voyage from Liverpool to New York on 11th Feb.1903. Her last voyage on this service started 21st Oct.1914 and she was then converted to an Armed Merchant Cruiser. She resumed Liverpool - New York sailings on 18th Dec.1916 and on 29th Jan.1918 collided with, and sank the Canadian Pacific ship "Montreal" near the Mersey Bar. After repairs, she resumed Liverpool - New York voyages on 14th Dec.1918 and in 1920 was refitted to accommodate 347-1st, 250-2nd and 1,000-3rd class passengers. On 23rd Oct.1926 she was again altered to cabin, tourist and 3rd class. Her last Liverpool - New York sailing commenced 5th Sep.1931 and she was so;d later the same year and scrapped at Inverkeithing in 1932. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, vol.2, p.761] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 23 October 1998]

CELTIC
The "Celtic" was not a Cunard vessel but belonged to the White Star Line. (The two companies didn't merge until 1934 to become Cunard - White Star) She was a 21,035 ton liner built in 1901 by Harland and Wolff at Belfast. Her dimensions were length 680.9ft x beam 75.3ft, two funnels, four masts, twin screw and a speed of 16 knots.There was accommodation for 347-1st, 160-2nd and 2,350-3rd class passengers. She was launched on 4.4.1901 and left on her maiden voyage from Liverpool to New York on 26.7.1901. She was transferred to the American Line in 1907 and was used on their New York - Cherbourg - Southampton service until 1914 when she was armed and converted to a British armed merchant cruiser. She was paid off in 1916 and resumed the Liverpool - NY service for White Star. On 15.2.1917 she was mined in the Irish Sea and towed to Liverpool. In March 1918 she was torpedoed in the Irish Sea and repaired in Belfast and on 8.12.1918 resumed the Liverpool - NY service and in 1920 was rebuilt to carry 347-1st, 250-2nd, and 1,000-3rd class passengers. Converted again in 1926 to carry cabin class, tourist class and 3rd class passengers. On 10.12.1928 she was wrecked on Roche's Point, Cobh, Ireland with no loss of life and was demolished where she lay. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Ted Finch - 10 August 1997]

CENTURION
See LAKE ERIE.

CETVRTI
See HUNGARIA.

C.F.TIETGEN
See DWINSK.

CHAMPION OF THE SEAS
The "Champion of the Seas" was a 3-masted ship-rigged wooden sailing vessel of 1947 gross tons, built by Donald Mackay at East Boston in 1854 for the Black Ball Line of Liverpool. She was taken over by T.Harrison of Liverpool in 1866. In 1874 she was sold to W.H.Ross & Co of Liverpool and on 3rd January 1876 she foundered off Cape Horn when homeward bound from Chile to Cork with a cargo of guano, the crew being rescued by the British barque "Windsor". The "Champion of the Seas" was evidently a well known vessel in her time and there should be information and probably photos of her in Australian Maritime museums. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Ted Finch - 8 August 1997]

CHANCELLOR (1)
The CHANCELLOR was a 3-masted, square-rigged ship, 1812 tons, built at Newcastle, Maine, in 1855, and registered at New York on 23 December 1855 [Forrest R. Holdcamper, comp., List of American-flag Merchant Vessels that received Certificates of Enrollment or Registry at the Port of New York, 1789-1867 (Record Groups 41 and 36), National Archives Publication 68-10, Special Lists 22 (Washington, DC: National Archives and Records Service, 1968), p. 118]. She was in British hands by 1874 (possibly as early as the Civil War, when many U.S. sailing vessels formerly involved in the passenger trade were "sold foreign"). She appears in the annual volumes Lloyd's Register for 1874/75 through 1881/82 (the last volume to which I have access), where her measurements are given as 1971/1854 tons (net and gross/under deck), 226.7 x 43 x 28.6 feet (length x beam x depth of hold); 3 decks, break 15 tons; Official Number 45923, International Signal Code VGJM. Owner: 1874/75-1875/76 - A. Cassels; 1876/77-1877/78 - W. H. Ross & Co; 1877/78-1881/82 - C. Hill. Port of Registry: 1874/75-1877/78 - Liverpool; 1877/78-1881/82 - Bristol - [Posted to the Eimgration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 20 September 1998]

CHANCELLOR (2)
The CHANCELLOR was a side-wheel steamship, wood hull, 392 tons, built at New Albany, Indiana, in 1856. She was engaged in the Louisville-New Orleans trade. She was burned at St. Louis on 4 October 1863, along with the steamers FOREST QUEEN and CATAHOULA [Frederick Way, Way's Packet Directory, 1848-1994; Passenger Steamboats of the Mississippi River System Since the Advent of Photography in Mid-Continent America (revised edition; Athens, Ohio: University of Ohio Press, [1994]), p. 78, no. 0936]. - [Posted to the Eimgration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 20 September 1998]

CHANUTE VICTORY
The S.S." Chanute Victory " was built in Feb.1945 by the Califorina Shipbuilding Corp. Los Angles, Calif. As a standard U.S. Victory Ship used during the Second World War. Yard number V44 She was classed as a WSA Transport one of approximaately 100 Victory ships that was converted to carry approximately 1,597 persons.They were operated under the U.S. War Shipping Adminstration. Which in most cases private Steamship Companies Crewed and Managed same. However, their sailing schedules were scheduled by the U.S. War Department In 1947 her name was changed to Alphacca, No nationality known at this time In 1964 her name was changed to Hai-Fu, No nationality known at this time Source : Victory Ships and Tankers by Sawyer and Mitchell - [Posted to The ShipsList by Capt. C.J. Carroll - 20 March 1998]

CHARGER
The USS Charger (CVE 30) was a single ship class in the United States Navy. She did have three sister ships that were transferred to the Royal Navy. USS Charger as built by Sun Shipbuilders of Chester, PA as the cargo ship Rio de la Plata in 1940. She was converted at Newport News Shipbuilding and was commissioned March 3, 1942. Charger was a standard C3 merchant ship hull, 492 feet long with a beam of 69.5 feet , a draught of 25.2 feet, and a displacement of 8, 000 tons. Her flight deck was 450 feet long . She was powered by a single 8,500hp Busch-Sulzer diesel. After the war she reverted back to a merchant ship named Fairsea. More details plus some nice photographs can be found in the Squadron/Signal Publication Escort Carriers in Action available at most hobby stores. - [Posted to The ShipsList by William B. Smallshaw - 19 January 1998]

CHARITY
See PALMERSTON .

CHARLEMAGNE
The CHARLEMAGNE was a 3-masted, square-rigged ship, built by Christian Bergh & Co, New York, in 1828; registered at New York 30 June 1828. 442 tons; 124 x 28 x 14 feet (length x beam x depth of hold). From 1828 to 1832, she sailed in the Boyd or Second Line of packets between Havre and New York; during this period, her westward passages averaged 41 days, her fastest passage being 23 days, her slowest 59 days. In 1832, she was transferred to the Havre Old (later Union) Line, in which she sailed until 1838; during this period, her westward passages averaged 34 days, her fastest passage being again 23 days, her slowest 47 days. By 1838, she was considered too small and "outdated" for the highly competitive packet services, and she became a general trader [Forrest R. Holdcamper, comp., List of American-flag Merchant Vessels that received Certificates of Enrollment or Registry at the Port of New York, 1789-1867 (Record Groups 41 and 36), National Archives Publication 68-10, Special Lists 22 (Washington, DC: National Archives and Records Service, 1968), p. 118; Robert Greenhalgh Albion, Square-riggers on Schedule; The New York Sailing Packets to England, France, and the Cotton Ports (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1938), pp. 284-285]: 1839 - David Jackson, master, in the Third Line of New York-New Orleans; coastal packets [Carl C. Cutler, Queens of the Western Ocean; The Story of America's Mail and Passenger Sailing Lines (Annapolis: United States Naval Institute, c1961), p. 503].; 1840 - David Jackson, master, in the Commercial Line of New York-New Orleans coastal packets [Cutler, op. cit., p. 510].;1842 - Henry Packard, master, made a voyage to India [passenger manifest dated 4 June 1842: National Archives Microfilm Publication M237, roll 49, list #443].; 1845 - In addition to the voyage from Hamburg to New Orleans, made a voyage (Henry Packard, master) from Hamburg to New York [passenger manifest dated 15 July 1845: National Archives Microfilm Publication M237, roll 58, list #548].;1846 - Henry Packard, master, in the Union Line of New York-New Orleans coastal packets [Cutler, op. cit_, p. 512]. A ship CHARLEMAGNE, William J. Fales, master, sailed in the Packet Line of Boston-New York coastal packets in 1844, and in 1846 made a voyage from Liverpool to New York [Cutler, op. cit_, p. 448 and 512; National Archives Microfilm Publication M237, roll 63, list #648 (passenger manifest dated 23 July 1846)]. I am not certain, however, without checking the tonnage on the passenger manifests, whether these refer to the former packet ship of 1828, or to the ship CHARLEMAGNE, 741 tons, built at Thomaston, Maine, in 1843, which sailed in the emigrant trade between Havre/Antwerp and New Orleans/New York in the early 1850's, and which was registered at New York as late as 4 February 1863. Albion (p. 101) states that the CHARLEMAGNE of 1828 "was valued at $12,000 when wrecked at the age of twenty", but, uncharacteristically, he gives no particulars. You should, however, be able to obtain this information from the Peabody Essex Museum. There are several pictures of the CHARLEMAGNE, by far the best being three water colors by the Marseilles marine painter Frederic Roux, the earliest dating from her maiden voyage in 1828, the second picturing her in heavy seas at lat. 42 lon. 46 30, on 1 April 1836, the third picturing her in stormy seas, partially dismasted, at lat 40 lon 68 30, on 28 January 1838. These watercolors are now in the collections of the Peabody Essex Museum, East India Square, Salem, MA 01970 - [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 22 February 1998 (courtesy of Daniel Kortenkamp)]

CHARLES DICKENS
The CHARLES DICKENS was built under special survey by J & G. Thomson, of Clydebank, Glasgow, in 1856, and launched as the screw steamship DANUBE for the Bibby Line's Mediterranean service. Official number 16,832; 1386/942 tons; 257.2 x 34.5 x 22 feet (length x beam x depth of hold); 3 masts, bark-rigged; iron construction, screw propulsion (engines 180 hp). On 21 December 1874, she was purchased by the Hamburg firm of Robert M. Sloman & Co., who renamed her CHARLES DICKENS, and converted her into a sailing ship (3 masts, square-rigged). 1,359/1,329 tons gross/net; 75 x 10,5 x 6,71 meters (length x beam x depth of hold). Master: 1875 - J. J. Kammann; 1875-1877 - E. A. Friedrichs; 1877-1878 - C. Bockwoldt; [1884]-1888 - W. Schottler; 1888 - H. Petersen. Voyages: 1875/1877 - Callao/intermediate ports/Pabellon de Pico; 1877/1878 - Brisbane/intermediate ports/Pabellon de Pico; 1878/1884 - Queensland/intermediate ports/Pisagua; 1884/1885 - Newcastle upon Tyne/intermediate ports/Iquique; 1885/1887 - Shields/intermediate ports/Pisagua; 1887/1888 - Valparaiso/Iquique; 1888 - Talcahuano. The CHARLES DICKENS was sold to A. P. Ulriksen of Mandal, Norway, on 13 May 1897; she disappears from Lloyd's Register of Shipping in 1909/10, and I have no information on her subsequent career or ultimate fate [Ernst Hieke, Rob. M. Sloman Jr., errichtet 1793, Veoffentlichungen der Wirtschaftsgeschichtlichen Forschungsstelle e.V., Hamburg, Bd. 30 (Hamburg: Verlag Hanseatischer Merkur, 1968), p. 380; Walter Kresse, ed., Seeschiffs-Verzeichnis der Hamburger Reedereien, 1824-1888, Mitteilungen aus dem Museum fur Hamburgische Geschichte, N. F., Bd. 5. (Hamburg: Museum fur Hamburgische Geschichte, 1969), vol. 2, p. 218; Jurgen Meyer, Hamburgs Segelschiffe 1795-1945 (Norderstedt: Egon Heinemann, 1971), p. 24; Ronald Parsons, Migrant Sailing Ships from Hamburg (North Adelaide, South Australia: Gould Books, 1993), p. 15].- [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 4 June 1998]

CHARLES KEEN
The bark CHARLES KEEN, [John T.] Chattin, master, arrived at New York on 9 May 1854, 26 days from Antwerp, with 350 passengers; the passenger manifest was signed and dated the following day. The CHARLES KEEN, 683 tons, was built in Perth Amboy, NJ, in 1853, and registered as an hermaphrodite brig in New York on 17 December 1853 [Forrest R. Holdcamper, List of American-flag Merchant Vessels that received Certificates of Enrollment or Registry at the Port of New York, 1789-1867, National Archives Publication No. 68-10, Special Lists No. 22 (Washington, DC: National Archives and Records Service 1968), p. 121]. Aside from the above voyage from Antwerp to New York, I have only the following information on her: 1856 - bark CHARLES KEEN, Jones, master, ran in the Eagle Line of packets between New York and Mobile [Carl C. Cutler, Queens of the Western Ocean; The Story of America's Mail and Passenger Sailing Lines (Annapolis: United States Naval Institute, c1961), p. 493]. 1858 - bark CHARLES KEEN, John T. Chattin, master, ran in the Post Line of packets between New York and Mobile [Cutler, op. cit., p. 497]. 1859 - bark CHARLES KEEN, John T. Chattin, master, ran in the Oakley & Keating Line of packets between New York and Mobile [Cutler, op. cit., p. 498]. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 10 November 1997]

CHARLES QUINT
See EVERHARD.

CHATEAU YQUEM
See GALLIA.

CHEANG CHEW
See SAINT LOUIS (1).

In the 1905-06 Lloyd's Register of Shipping: under the name CHEANG CHEW, the following information is new or additional: Master: Captain Frampton, appointed to the ship in 1902. Rigging: new deck in 1888; partial new deck in 1897; bar keel of 10 inches; double bottom under boilers 36 feet long, 175 tons. Propulsion: 2 single ended boilers; 6 corrugated furnaces; grate surface 90 sq. ft.; heating surface 2,783 sq. ft.; new double ended boilers in 1895. Owners: Khoo Syn Thwak Port of registry: Singapore. Flag: British.. - [Posted to The ShipsList by Gilbert Provost - 13 October 1998]

CHEMNITZ (1)
The first "Chemnitz" was built by A.Stephen & Sons, Glasgow in 1889. She was a 2,758 gross ton vessel, length 320ft x beam 39ft, one funnel, two masts, single screw and a speed of 11 knots. There was accommodation for 10-1st and 320-2nd class passengers. Launched on 27/11/1889 for Deutsch - Australische, she was chartered to the Hamburg America Line in 1893 and sailed from Hamburg for New York on 22/6/1893 and made just the one round voyage on this route. In 1906 she was sold to Chile and renamed "Enrique Lihn" and in 1911 was scrapped at Hendrik Ido, Ambacht. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.1,p.400] [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 15 November 1997]

CHEMNITZ (2)
The "Chemnitz" of 1906 was built by J.C.Tecklenborg at Geestemunde for Norddeutscher Lloyd [North German Lloyd] in 1901. She was a 7542 gross ton vessel, length 428.2ft x beam 54.3ft, one funnel, two masts, twin screw and a speed of 13 knots. There was accommodation for 129-2nd class and 1,935-3rd class passengers. Launched on 27.11.1901. she left Bremen on her maiden voyage to Baltimore on 21.3.1902. She made her first run from Bremen to New York and Galveston on 30.11.1902, and from Bremen to Philadelphia and Baltimore on 1.12.1910. On 11.6.1914 she left Bremen on her last voyage to New York, Philadelphia and Galveston and was then laid up in Bremen in August 1914 for the duration of the war. In 1919, she was surrendered to Britain and was scrapped in Holland in 1923. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Ted Finch]

CHERIBON
The "Cheribon" was a 3075 gross ton vessel built in 1882 by Wm Denny & Bros of Dumbarton for the "Compagnie Nationale de Navigation" of France. Her dimensions were 341.2ft x beam 40.3ft, one funnel, two masts, iron construction, single screw and a speed of 11 knots. I don't know her passenger capacity but she arrived at New York in October 1887 with 707 passengers, mainly steerage. Launched on 15/7/1882, she sailed on 17/9/1886 on her first voyage from Marseilles to Naples, Algiers and New York and made 12 round voyages, the last commencing 15/4/1893 from Marseilles to Naples and New York. In 1900 she was sold to a Chilean company and on 11/4/1902 was wrecked on Remedios Point, Panama. My information comes from several sources, but the main sources are North Atlantic Seaway and South Atlantic Seaway both by N.R.P.Bonsor and generally considered to be the "bibles" of transatlantic vessels. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Ted Finch - 12 September 1997]

CHESHIRE
Built by Fairfield & Co, Glasgow in 1927 for the Bibby Line's Rangoon service. This was a 10,623 gross ton, twin screw motorship with a service speed of 14 knots. Her details were - length 502ft x beam 60.4ft (153m x 18.4m), one funnel, four masts and accommodation for 275-1st class passengers. Launched on 20th Apr.1927, she was used on the Liverpool - Rangoon service until she was commissioned as an Armed Merchant Cruiser at Calcutta on Oct.30th 1939. On 14th Oct.1940 she was torpedoed by the U.137 while northwest of Ireland but managed to reach Liverpool where she was repaired and resumed service after six months. She was again torpedoed, this time by the submarine U.214 on 18th Aug.1942 in the Atlantic, but again managed to reach port. In May 1943 she was refitted as a troop transport and continued in this service until returned to the Bibby Line in Oct.1948. She was overhauled and rebuilt as an emigrant ship, with accommodation for 650 passengers, and three of her masts removed, and on 9th August 1949 commenced her first Liverpool - Sydney voyage. In Feb.1953 she was again used for trooping duties for the Korean War and on Feb.10th 1957 was laid up at Liverpool. She arrived at Newport, Mon. on Jul.11th that year and was scrapped by the British Iron & Steel Corp. [Great Passenger Ships of the World by Arnold Kludas, vol.3, p.66] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 10 October 1998]

CHESTER
See CITY OF CHESTER .

CHICAGO (1)
Built by Palmer Bros & Co, Jarrow-on-Tyne in 1866 for the Guion Line of Liverpool, this was a 2,869 gross ton ship, length 335ft x beam 42.5ft, clipper stem, one funnel, two masts (rigged for sail), iron construction, single screw and a speed of 10 knots. There was accommodation for 72-1st and 800-3rd class passengers. Launched on 11th Oct.1866, she left Liverpool on her maiden voyage to Queenstown (Cobh) and New York on 18th Dec.1866. On 12th Jan.1868 she was wrecked near Roche's Point, Queenstown with no loss of life. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, vol.2, p.708] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 2 October 1998]

CHICAGO (2)
Built for the British owned Furness Line in 1878 by W.Gray & Co, West Hartlepool (engines by T.Richardson & Sons, Hartlepool), she was a 1,384 gross ton ship, length 240ft x beam 33.3ft, straight stem, one funnel, two masts (rigged for sail), iron construction, single screw and a speed of 10 knots. Launched on 21st Mar.1878, she sailed on her maiden voyage from West Hartlepool for Boston on 7th May 1878, but was wrecked at Happisburgh, Norfolk the following day. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, vol.3, p.1031] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 2 October 1998]

CHICAGO (3)
See LINCOLN CITY.

Built as the "Lincoln City" by E.Withy & Son, West Hartlepool (engines by T.Richardson & Co, Hartlepool) in 1884 for the Furness Direct Scandinavian and American SS Co Ltd, this was a 2,729 gross ton ship, length 301ft x beam 40ft, straight stem, one funnel, two masts (rigged for sail), iron construction, single screw and a speed of 10 knots. There was capacity for 20-1st, 30-2nd and 700-3rd class passengers. Launched on 29th Mar.1884, she was purchased by Wilson Line of Hull in 1885 and renamed "Chicago". She started her first Hull - Boston - New York voyage on 9th Mar.1885 and her last Hull - New York sailing commenced 13th Apr.1898. In 1898 she was renamed "Salerno" and sailed from Newcastle for Dundee and New York on 23rd Jul.1898. Her last Newcastle - New York voyage started 18th Nov.1900 and she was sold to Wilhelmsen of Norway in 1901. On 30th Jun.1905 she was wrecked on Lichfield Shoal, Halifax, NS.[North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, vol.3, p.1033] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 2 October 1998]

CHICAGO (4)
Built for the Wilson Line of Hull by Furness Withy & Co Ltd, West Hartlepool (engines by Central Marine Co, West Hartlepool)in 1898. 6,438 gross tons, length 475.5ft x beam 52.3ft, one funnel, four masts, single screw and a speed of 12 knots. Launched on 7th May 1898, she sailed from Newcastle on her maiden voyage to Queenstown (for repairs) and New York on 23rd Oct.1898. Later the same year she came under the control of Wilson's & Furness-Leyland Line and in 1904 was renamed "Etonian". In 1914 she went to Leyland Line and on 23rd Mar.1918 was torpedoed by the German submarine U.61 off the Old Head of Kinsale, Ireland and sank with the loss of seven of her crew. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, vol.3, p.966] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 2 October 1998]

CHICAGO (5)
This was a 17,000 ton ship ordered by Hamburg America Line in 1906 from AG Vulcan, Stettin, but the order was cancelled and she was never built.[North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, vol.1, p.414]] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 2 October 1998]

CHICAGO (6)
CHICAGO(1908-28) 9,350. 524 x 57. Twin screw, triple expansion engines, 16 knots. Built by Ateliers et Chantiers de l'Atlantique, St. Nazaire. M.V. Le Havre-New York, 30 May 1908. Reconstructed for West Indies service 1928; renamed GUADELUPE. Broken up St Nazaire 1936 [From The Atlantic Liners, 1925-1970, Fredrick Emmons, Drake Publ. Inc, NY 1972]
Steamship Chicago - CGT, Le Havre; 1929 Guadelupe; Builders: Penhoet, St Nazaire Yard no: 50; 10,471 GRT; 159.6 x 17.6m/524 x 57.9 ft. III exp eng, Penoet; twin screw; 9,500 IHP; 16 kn; Passengers: 358 2nd class, 1,250 3rd class.; 1907 Nov 5: launched; 1908 May: completed; May 30: Maiden voyage Le Havre-New York. 1924 Bordeaux-New York. 1928 Refitted for West Indian service by Chantiers de la Gironde. 1929 First voyage St Nazaire-West Indies-Central America. 1936 Oct: Sold for breaking-up at St Nazaire. [From Great Passenger Ships of the World, Vol 1 1858-1912, Arnold Kludas, Patrick Stephens, Cambridge 1975] [Correspondence from Sr. Diane Smith - 2 Nov 1997]

The "Chicago" was a French ship, built in 1907 by Chantiers & Ateliers de St Nazaire, St Nazaire for Compagnie Generale Transatlantique (French Line). She was a 10,501 gross ton ship, length 508.4ft x beam 57.8ft. two funnels, two masts, twin screw and a speed of 15 knots. There was passenger accommodation for 358-2nd and 1,250-3rd class. Launched on 5/11/1907, she sailed from Havre on her maiden voyage to New York on 30/5/1908. She started her last voyage on this service on 22/3/1915 and on 16/5/1915 commenced Bordeaux - New York sailings. Her last voyage on this route started 31/1/1920 and she resumed Havre - New York crossings on 3/2/1921. In August 1926 she was refitted to carry cabin, tourist and 3rd class passengers, and on 9/6/1928 commenced her last Bordeaux - New York voyage. She was reconstructed in 1928, renamed "Guadeloupe" and transferred to the West Indies service. In 1936 she was scrapped at St Nazaire. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.2,p.660] - [posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 27 March 1998]

Built in 1907 by Chantiers & Ateliers de St Nazaire, St Nazaire for Compagnie Generale Transatlantique (French Line). This was a 10,501 gross ton ship, length 508.4ft x beam 57.8ft, two funnels, two masts, twin screw and a speed of 15 knots. There was accommodation for 358-2nd and 1,250-3rd class passengers. Launched on 5th Nov.1907, she started her maiden voyage on 30th May 1908 when she sailed from Havre for New York. Her last voyage on this route started 22nd Mar.1915 and on 16th May 1915 she transferred to the Bordeaux - New York service. She commenced her last Bordeaux - New York sailing on 31st Jan.1920 and resumed Havre - New York voyages on 3rd Feb.1921. In Aug.1926 she was refitted to carry cabin, tourist and 3rd class passengers and on 9th June 1928 commenced her last North Atlantic sailing when she left Bordeaux for New York. In 1928 she was rebuilt, renamed "Guadeloupe" and transferred to the West Indies service. Scrapped at St Nazaire in 1936.[North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, vol.2, p.660]] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 2 October 1998]

CHORAN MARU
See LAKE CHAMPLAIN .

CHRISTEL
The CHRISTEL was built by the shipbuilding firm of Gebruder Bosse in Burg, near Bremen, for the Bremen firm of E. C. Schramm & Co, and was launched on 20 February 1864. 410 Commerzlasten/879 tons (923 tons in Lloyds Register of Shipping for 1876/77-1881/82); 49,8 x 10,3 x 6,5 meters/158 x 33 x 21 feet (length x beam x depth of hold); International Signal Code QBWN. The CHRISTEL was originally rigged as a ship, but was rerigged as a bark in the early 1870's. 19 April 1864, maiden voyage, Franz Friedrichs, master, to Baltimore. Captains of the CHRISTEL were, in turn: Franz Friedrichs (1864-1870, 1871-1873), C. Bockelmann (1870/71, 1873-1876, 1879), H. Zinke (1877-1879, 1879/80), J. Brunings (1881-1889), H. Bockelmann (1890/91), and Meyer (1892). In 1893, the CHRISTEL was sold to A. B. Nystrom, of Abo, Finland, and was transferred to Russian registry. On 17 November 1897, Tengstrom, master, the CHRISTEL was stranded on the island of Hogland (Suursaari), off the coast of Finland, and became a total loss [Peter-Michael Pawlik, Von der Weser in die Welt; Die Geschichte der Segelschiffe von Weser und Lesum und ihrer Bauwerften 1770 bis 1893, Schriften des Deutschen Schiffahrtsmuseums, Bd. 33 (Hamburg: Kabel, c1993), p. 396, no. 104]. No picture of the CHRISTEL is known to exist. - [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 27 July 1998}

CHRISTIANA
The "Christiana" was a 2811 ton ship, built in 1890 by Blohm and Voss, Hamburg as the "Baumwall" for the Holland America Line. She was purchased by Hamburg America Line and sold in 1910 to Retzlaff. Sunk in collision in 1913. .[Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Ted Finch - 17 June 1997]

CHYEBASSA
The "Chyebassa" was the first of three ships with this name owned by the British India Steam Navigation Co. Built in 1874 by Wm Denny & Bros, Dumbarton, she was one of three sister ships, the other two being "Almora" and "Ava". She was a 2,664 gross ton ship, length 106,74m x beam 11,09m (350.2ft x 36.4ft), Straight stem, one funnel, three masts (barquentine rigged for sail), iron construction, single screw and a speed of 10 knots. There was accommodation for 41-1st and 18-2nd class passengers. Launched on 28th July 1874, she was delivered to BI on September 8th. On 6th May 1881, she was put on the London - Suez - Batavia - Brisbane "Queensland Royal Mail" service and stayed on this route until making her last Australia voyage on 24th November 1896. Scrapped at Bombay in 1900. [Merchant Fleets by Duncan Haws, vol.11, British India S.N.Co.] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 15 April 1998]

CIMBRIA
The "Cimbria" was built by Caird & Co, Greenock for the Hamburg America Line in 1867. She was a 3,037 gross ton ship, length 339.9ft x beam 40ft, one funnel, two masts (rigged for sail), iron construction, single screw and a speed of 12 knots. There was accommodation for 58-1st, 120-2nd and 500-3rd class passengers. Launched on 21/1/1867, she left Hamburg on her maiden voyage to Southampton and New York on 13/4/1867. On 17/1/1883 she sailed from Hamburg for New York but on 19th Jan. was in collision in dense fog near Borkum Island, Germany with the British vessel "Sultan" of the Hull & Hamburg Line. The Cimbria's hull had a large gash abreast of the foremast and the Sultan also had a large hole foreward and drifted off into the fog. The Cimbria rapidly sank with the loss of 389 lives and although seven lifeboats got away, only 133 people were saved. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.1,p.389] [Merchant Fleets in Profile by Duncan Haws, vol.4, Hamburg America Line] [ Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 17 November 1997]

CINCINNATI
The "Cincinatti" was a 16,339 ton liner belonging to the Hamburg America Line. She was built in 1908 by F. Schichau of Danzig and was launched on 24th July 1908. Her dimensions were length 582.3ft x beam 65.4ft, two funnels, four masts, twin screw and a speed of 16 knots. She had accommodation for 243-1st, 210-2nd, 484-3rd and 1821-4th class passengers. On 27.5.1909 she left Hamburg on her maiden voyage to Southampton, Cherbourg and New York and continued on this service until 4.4.1910 when she was used on a winter service Genoa - Naples - New York. In 1913 she made her last voyage on this run and on 21.5.1913 made her first trip on the Hamburg - Boulogne - Southampton - Boston run. She stayed on this service until her last voyage on 28th July 1914 when she was interned at Boston and seized by the USA in April 1917 on their entry into the Great War. She was then renamed "Covington" and on 1.7.1918 was torpedoed and sunk by the German submarine U.86 off the French coast. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Ted Finch - 9 August 1997]

The steamship CINCINNATI was built by F. Schichau, Danzig (Bau-Nr. 804), for the Hamburg American Line, and launched on 24 July 1908. 16,339 tons; 176,8 x 19,9 meters (length x beam); 2 funnels, 4 masts; twin-screw propulsion, service speed 15.5 knots; accommodation for 246 passengers in 1st class, 332 in 2nd class, 448 in 3rd class, and 1,801 in steerage; crew of 385. 27 May 1909, maiden voyage, Hamburg-Southampton-Cherbourg-New York. 4 April 1910, first voyage, Genoa-Naples-New York (winter service). 2 April 1913, last voyage, Genoa-Naples-new York. 21 May 1913, first voyage, Hamburg - Boulogne - Southampton - Boston. 28 July 1914, last voyage, Hamburg-Boulogne-Southampton-Boston. 8 August 1914, laid up in Boston. 6 April 1917, seized by the U.S. Shipping Board. 28 July 1917, COVINGTON (U.S. Navy transport). 1 July 1918, torpedoed by German submarine U-86 near the French Coast; sank the next day at lat 47 24 N lon. 07 44 W. [Arnold Kludas and Herbert Bischoff, Die Schiffe der Hamburg-Amerika-Linie, Bd. 2: 1907-1926 (Herford: Koehler, 1980), p. 32; Noel Reginald Pixell Bonsor, North Atlantic Seaway; An Illustrated History of the Passenger Services Linking the Old World with the New (2nd ed.; Jersey, Channel Islands: Brookside Publications), vol. 1 (1975), p. 414]. Pictured in Kludas and Bischoff, op. cit., p. 33, and in Clas Broder Hansen,_Passenger liners from Germany, 1816-1990, translated from the German by Edward Force (West Chester, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Pub., c1991), p. 90. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 13 January 1998]

CINCINNATUS
The Coates & Griswold "packet" (more properly, "regular trader") ship Cincinnatus (373 tons, 98 feet long x 29 feet 9 inches broad, built in New York in 1818 by Charles Brown) which carried on an irregular service between Liverpool and New York from 1820 through 1826. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Ted Finch]

CIRCASSIA
The "Circassia" was built by Barrow Shipbuilding Co, Barrow in 1878 for the Anchor Line. She was a 4,272gross ton ship, length 399.7ft x beam 42 ft, one funnel, three masts (rigged for sail), iron construction, single screw and a speed of 13 knots. There was passenger accommodation for 200-1st, 100-2nd and 800-3rd class. She was the first North Atlantic liner to have refrigerated space for meat and could carry 400 tons. Launched on 19th Mar.1878, she sailed from Glasgow on her maiden voyage to Moville (N.Ireland) and New York on 1st Jun.1878. She started her last voyage on 12th Aug.1897 when she left Glasgow for Moville, New York and Glasgow and was then laid up. In 1900 she was scrapped in Germany. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, vol.1, p.461] [Merchant Fleets by Duncan Haws, vol.9, Anchor Line] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 24 September 1998]

CIRCASSIAN (1)
The "Circassian" of 1857 was built by Robert Hickson & Co, Belfast (engines by Randolph, Elder & Co, Glasgow) for the British owned North Atlantic Steam Navigation Co. She was a 1,387 gross ton ship, length 255ft x beam 39.1ft, clipper stem, one funnel, three masts (rigged for sail), iron construction, single screw and a speed of 9 knots. There was cabin class, intermediate and 3rd class accommodation. Launched on 18th Jul.1856, she sailed from Liverpool on her maiden voyage with 200 passengers on 7th Mar.1857, but had to put back to Liverpool on 14th March after meeting a succession of terrific gales. She sailed again on 19th March for St John's NF, Halifax and Portland. She made three round voyages on this service, the last starting 11th Jul.1857, and in Sept.1857 was taken over for use as an Indian Mutiny transport. On 26th Oct.1858, she started her first voyage under charter to the Galway Line, between Galway and New York and commenced her eighth and last sailing on this route on 5th Mar.1860. In May 1862 she was captured by the USS SOMERSET while blockade running and was transferred to the US flag. Her first voyage from New York to Southampton and Bremen (Ruger Bros, agents) started on 19th Aug.1865 and on 20th Oct. 1865 she ran aground at Arichet, Cape Breton Island. Refloated, she arrived in New York on 20th Nov. Chartered to Continental Mail SS Co, she left New York on 18th Jul.1866 for Antwerp and made a second voyage on this route, starting 2th Oct.1866. She was then chartered to Ruger Bros, New York and sailed from New York on 2nd Aug.1867 for Bremen, Falmouth and New York. On 25th Apr.1868 she left New York for Bremen under charter to Ruger's Atlantic Line and commenced her second and last sailing on this route on 25th Jul.1868. In 1874, her engines were removed and in 1876 she was wrecked, with no loss of life at Bridgehampton, Long Island. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, vol.2, p.489] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 1 October 1998]

CIRCASSIAN (2)
The Allan Line "Circassian" was an iron vessel built in 1872 by R. Steele & Co. of Greenock. Her dimensions were 3211 gross tons, length 375.5ft x beam 40.3ft. clipper stem, one funnel, three masts, single screw, speed 13 knots. Accommodation for 100 1st class and 850 3rd class passengers. She was damaged by fire while fitting out and was not delivered to Allan Line until 1873 when she made her maiden voyage from Liverpool - Quebec - Montreal on 24.4.1873. Last voyage Liverpool - Portland 3.12.1874. In 1875 she was lengthened to 415.5ft and re-engined at Birkenhead, becoming 3724 tons. On 20.1.1876. she resumed the Liverpool - Portland run and made her last voyage 11.5.1893 from Liverpool - Quebec - Montreal. Scrapped in 1896. There is a lot of information on the Allan Line in North Atlantic Seaway Vol.1. by N.R.P.Bonsor [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Ted Finch - 1 August 1997]

The Circassian of the Allan Line docked at the port of Quebec May 7, 1873 on its maiden voyage. It was lengthened from 375 feet to 415 feet in 1875 and refitted with compound engines. She sailed the Liverpool to Montreal service until 1896 when she was scrapped.- [E-Mail from Marj Kohli - 10 Mar 1998]

CITTA DI GENOVA
See GNEISENAU.

CITTA DI MILANO
The "Citta di Milano" was a 4,041 gross ton ship built by N.Odero fu Alessandro & Co, Sestri Ponenti, Genoa in 1897 for La Veloce of Genoa. Her dimensions were - length 364ft x beam 43.6ft, one funnel, two masts, single screw and a speed of 12 knots. There was accommodation for 40-2nd and 1,290-3rd class passengers. Launched on 17/12/1897, she commenced her maiden voyage on 30/12/1897 when she sailed from Genoa for Montevideo, Buenos Aires and Rosario. She stayed on the S.American service until 3/2/1902 when she transferred to the Genoa - Naples - New York route, completing 26 round voyages on this service. In 1908 she went to the Genoa - La Guaira - Colon service and in 1914 was sold to the Sitmar Line and renamed "Albania". In 1932 she went to Lloyd Triestino and was scrapped the following year. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.3 ,p.1271] [South Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, p.281] There is a picture of this ship in South Atlantic Seaway p.274 - [Posted to the ShipsList by Ted Finch - 3 February 1998]

CITTA DI NAPOLI (1)
See SILESIA.

CITTA DI NAPOLI (2)
See MAASDAM (2) .

CITTA DI SAVONA
See TEUTONIA (1)

CITY OF ADELAIDE
Devitt & Co of London's "City of Adelaide" which was a clipper ship on the UK - Australia run. She was built by W.Pile, Hay & Co.at Sunderland, launched on 7.5.1864. and employed carrying general cargo and emigrants to Australia and wool home. However this was not a steamship but a ship rigged sailing vessel. In 1888 she was sold to Dixons of London, converted to barque rig and used in the N.American timber trade and in 1894, cut down to a hulk and employed by Southampton Corporation as a plague ship during an outbreak of cholera. Bought by the Admiralty in 1922 she was converted and renamed "Carrick" and used as a naval drill ship and headquarters of the Clyde Division, RNVR at Greenock. Used as a naval accommodation ship during the second world war and given to the RNVR after the war for conversion to a RNVR club headquarters at Glasgow. As far as I know, she is still there. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Ted Finch - 26 July 1997]

CITY OF ANTWERP
The steamship CITY OF ANTWERP was built for the Inman Line by Tod & McGregor, of Glasgow, in 1866. 2,391 tons; 101,19 x 12,01 meters (332 x 30.4 feet; length x beam); clipper bow, 1 funnel, 3 masts; iron construction, screw propulsion, service speed 12 knots. 8 November 1866, launched. 20 February 1867, maiden voyage, Liverpool=Queenstown-New York. 13 January 1876, last voyage, Liverpool-Queenstown-New York. 1879, became THANEMORE (Johnston); compound engines by Barrow Shipbuilding Co; tonnage incrased to 3,032. 26 November 1890, went missing with the loss of 43 lives [Noel Reginald Pixell Bonsor, North Atlantic Seaway; An Illustrated History of the Passenger Services Linking the Old World with the New (2nd ed.; Jersey, Channel Islands: Brookside Publications), vol. 1, p. 242. Michael J. Anuta, Ships of Our Ancestors (Menominee, MI: Ships of Our Ancestors, 1983; reprint Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., [1993]), p. 57, courtesy of the Peabody Essex Museum, East India Square, Salem, MA 01970 [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer]

CITY OF ATHENS
See AROSA KULM.

CITY OF BALTIMORE
The "City of Baltimore" was bu ilt by Tod & McGregor, Glasgow in 1855 for the British owned Inman Line. She was a 2,368 gross ton ship, length 330.7ft x beam 39ft, clipper stem, one funnel, three masts (rigged for sail), iron construction, single screw and a speed of 10 knots. Launched on 20th January 1855, she sailed from Liverpool for Marseilles on 20th March, where she was charterd by the French government for use as a troop transport for the Crimean War. She commenced her first commercial voyage for the Inman Line from Liverpool to Philadelphia on 23rd April 1856 and her first Liverpool - New York voyage started on 14th Jan.1857. In 1866 she was reconditioned with new engines and boilers and resumed Liverpool - Queenstown (Cobh) - New York voyages on 21st Nov.1866. Her last sailing on this service commenced 26th Feb.1874 and she was then sold to the Hall Line, retaining the same name. In 1883 she was sold to Spanish owners and renamed "Fivaller" and in 1886 became the Spanish owned "Benicarlo". She was scrapped the same year. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.1, p.239; vol.5 ,p.1920] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 11 August 1998]

CITY OF BARODA
The "City of Baroda" was a 7,129 gross ton ship, built by Barclay, Curle & Co Ltd, Glasgow in 1918 for Ellerman's American & Indian Line. Her details were - length 433.4ft x beam 57.2ft, one funnel, two masts, single screw and a speed of 13 knots. There was accommodation for 115-1st class passengers. Launched on 26/6/1918, she was employed on various routes, but on 3/2/1927 commenced her first passenger voyage from New York to Port Said, Karachi, Bombay, Columbo, Madras, Rangoon, and Calcutta. In November 1929 she commenced the last of two voyages from New York to Port Said and Far East ports and on 2/4/1943 was torpedoed and sunk off Luderitz Bay by the German submarine U.509 with the loss of 14 lives. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.4,p.1474] [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 12 January 1998]

CITY OF BERLIN
The "City of Berlin" was an iron steamer built in 1875 by Caird & Co. of Greenock for the British Inman Line. Her dimensions were 5491 gross tons, length 488.6ft x beam 44.2ft. She had a clipper stem, one funnel and three masts, single screw and a speed of 15 knots. There was accommodation for 170 1st, 100 2nd and 1500 3rd class passengers. She sailed between Liverpool, Queenstown (Cobh) and New York and in 1875 made a recird passage between Queenstown and NY. In 1879 she was the first trans Atlantic liner to be fitted with interior electric lighting. In 1893 she went to the American Line but stayed under the British flag and was renamed "Berlin". She then sailed between NY and Southampton. In 1895 she went to the Red Star Line for their Antwerp - NY service and in 1898 resumed the Southampton - Queenstown - NY run. Later the same year she became the "Meade" for the US government and in 1906 was damaged by fire in San Francisco. She was scrapped in 1921. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Ted Finch - 15 July 1997]

CITY OF BRISTOL
See ETNA.

CITY OF BROOKLYN
See BROOKLYN.

CITY OF BRUSSELS
The SS CITY OF BRUSSELS was built by Tod & McGregor, Glasgow, in 1869, for the Inman Line (first steamer built with steam steering gear). 3,081tons; 118,86 meters (390 feet) long x 12,28 meters (40.3 feet) beam clipper bow, 1 funnel, 3 masts; iron construction, screw propulsion, service speed 14 knots; accommodation for 200 cabin and 600 3rd-class passengers. 10 August 1869, launched. 14 October 1869, maiden voyage, Liverpool-Queenstown-New York. December 1869, record passage, New York-Queenstown (first undisputed screw "Blue Riband" holder. 9 November 1871, last voyage, Liverpool-Queenstown- New York (20 roundtrip voyages). 1872, iron promenade deck added; 3,747 tons; steerage increased to 1,000. 9 May 1872, resumed Liverpool-Queenstown-New York. 26 August 1875, last voyage, Liverpool-Queenstown-New York. 1876, compound engines by G. Forrester & Co., Liverpool. 28 February 1877, resumed Liverpool- Queenstown-New York. 12 December 1882, last voyage, Liverpool-Queenstown-New York. 7 January 1883, sank in the River Mersey following a collision with the SS KIRBY HALL (10 lives lost) [Noel Reginald Pixell Bonsor, North Atlantic Seaway; An Illustrated History of the Passenger Services Linking the Old World with the New (2nd ed.; Jersey, Channel Islands: Brookside Publications), vol. 1 (1975), p. 242. Pictured in Bonsor,op. cit., p. 226. Michael J. Anuta, Ships of Our Ancestors (Menominee, MI: Ships of Our Ancestors, 1983), p. 59, contains a photograph, purportedly of the CITY OF BRUSSELS, with, however, 2 funnels, courtesy of the Peabody Essex Museum, East India Square, Salem, MA 01970 [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 14 August 1997]

CITY OF CHESTER
The "City of Chester" was a 4,566 gross ton ship, built by Caird & Co, Greenock in 1873 for the Inman Line of Liverpool. Her details were - length 444.6ft x beam 44.2ft, clipper stem, two funnels, three masts (rigged for sail), iron construction, single screw, two cylinder compound engine, and a speed of 14 knots. There was accommodation for 125-1st, 80-2nd and 1,310-3rd class passengers. Launched on 29/3/1873, she sailed from Liverpool on her maiden voyage to Queenstown (Cobh) and New York on 10/7/1873. She commenced her last voyage on this service on 15/2/1893 and then went to the American Line, but stayed under the British flag, and was renamed "Chester". On 4/3/1893 she started her first New York - Southampton crossing and on 4/11/1894 commenced her last Southampton - New York voyage. She resumed the Southampton - Queenstown - New York service on 14/5/1898 and started her third and final voyage on this route on 9/7/1898. She then became the US Army Transport "Sedgwick". In 1903 she was sold to Italian owners who renamed her "Arizona" and in 1906 she became the Italian "Napoletano". She was scrapped in 1907. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.1,p.243] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 3 March 1998]

CITY OF CHICAGO
The City of Chicago made its maiden voyage from Liverpool, England to New York Harbor September 18, 1883. A ship of the Inman Line, it was built by Charles Connell and Co., Scotstoun, Glasgow, Scotland. Tonnage was 5,202. Dimensions 430' x 45'/ Single screw, 14 knots. Compound engines. Four masts and two funnels. Iron Hull. Passengers: 132 cabin, 1310 third class. Wrecked by stranding near Old Head of Kinsale, on south coast of Ireland, July 1892. [Submitted by Alfred M. Silberfeld, President, Jewish Genealogical Society of Palm Beach County Inc., Delray Beach, Florida - 12 October 1997]

The "City of Chicago" was built by Charles Connell & Co, Glasgow in 1883. She was a 5,202 gross ton ship, length 430.6ft x beam 45ft, straight stem, two funnels, four masts (rigged for sail), iron construction, single screw and a speed of 14 knots. There was passenger accommodation for 140-1st, 100-2nd and 850-3rd class. Laid down as the "Vancouver" for the Dominion Line, she was purchased on the stocks by Inman Line and launched as "City of Chicago". Her maiden voyage started on 18th Sep.1883 when she left Liverpool for Queenstown (Cobh) and New York. She continued on this service until commencing her last voyage on this route on 8th Jun.1892. While homeward bound, she ran ashore in dense fog on 1st July, near the Old Head of Kinsale, Ireland and was wrecked with no loss of life. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, vol.1, p.244] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 8 October 1998]

CITY OF CORK
The "City of Cork" was built in 1862 by Wm Denny & Brothers, Dumbarton for the Inman Line of Liverpool. Her details were - 1,547 gross tons, Length 252.6ft x beam 32.8ft, clipper stem, one funnel, two masts, iron construction, single screw and a speed of 10 knots. She was rigged for sail as well as steam. There was accommodation for 20-cabin class passengers as well as 3rd class. She was launched on 22/11/1862 without a name and was bought by Inman in 1863 and named "City of Cork". She started her maiden voyage Liverpool - Queenstown (Cobh) - New York on 21/3/1863. Commenced her last voyage Liverpool - Queenstown - Halifax - New York voyage on 14/1/1871 and was then sold to the Florio Line of Italy who renamed her "Mediterraneo". In 1881 she went to Navigazione Generale Italiana who ran her until 1899 when she was scrapped. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.1,p.240] [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 1 November 1997]

CITY OF DUBLIN
See QUEBEC.

CITY OF HONOLULU (1)
See PRINCESS ALICE.

CITY OF HONOLULU (2)
See FRIEDRICH DER GROSSE.

CITY OF LINCOLN
See SOLIS .

CITY OF LIMERICK
The "City of Limerick" was built in 1855 by Smith & Rodger, Glasgow for British owners, as the "African". She was purchased by the Inman Line of Liverpool in 1863 and renamed "City of Limerick". Her details were - 1,529 gross tons, length 281ft x beam 34.4ft, clipper stem, one funnel, three masts (rigged for sail), iron construction, single screw and a speed of 10 knots. She started her first voyage for the Inman Line on 29/5/1863 when she sailed from Liverpool for Queenstown (Cobh) and New York. In 1870 she was rebuilt to 2,536 gross tons, lengthened to 331.1ft and fitted with compound engines by G.Forrester & Co, Liverpool. She started her last Liverpool - Queenstown - New York sailing on 20/5/1874 and was chartered to the American Line for their Liverpool - Philadelphia service in July 1875. She made her sixth and last voyage on this route in August 1876 and then made a single round voyage in November 1876 for the Inman Line between Bordeaux and New York. Again chartered to the American Line, she resumed Liverpool - Philadelphia sailings in January 1877, making her fifth and last voyage on this service in May 1878. She resumed Liverpool - New York voyages for Inman on 3/7/1878 for three round voyages, the last commencing on 25/10/1879 and was then sold to the Thistle Line of London. She started her first London - New York voyage on 26/3/1880 and left London on her last round voyage on 5/12/1881. Sailed from New York on the homeward passage on 8/1/1882 and went missing with the loss of 43 lives. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.1,p.240-1] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 18 June 1998]

CITY OF LOS ANGELES
See GROSSER KURFURST.

CITY OF MANCHESTER
The "City of Manchester" belonged to the British owned Inman Line, and was built in 1851 by Tod & McGregor, Glasgow. She was a 2,109 gross ton ship, length 265.3ft x beam 37.5ft, clipper stem, one funnel, four masts (rigged for sail), iron construction, single screw and a speed of 9 knots. Launched on 14th Jun.1851, she left Liverpool on her maiden voyage to Philadelphia on 26th Jul.1851. She started her last voyage on this service on 20th Dec.1854, and in 1855 was chartered by the French and used as a Crimean War transport. She resumed Liverpool - Philadelphia sailings on 3rd Aug.1856, and commenced her last voyage on this route on 6th May 1857. On 24th Aug.1857 she left London for Calcutta as an Indian Mutiny transport and on 22nd Dec.1858 started Liverpool - New York sailings. In 1862, after 48 North Atlantic sailings, she was fitted with new boilers and started her final voyage between Liverpool, Queenstown (Cobh), Halifax and New York on 28th Jan.1871. Later the same year, she was sold, her engines were removed and she operated as a sailing ship until 1876, when she was wrecked. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, vol.1, p.238-9] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 27 September 1998]

CITY OF MECCA
See NUBIAN.

CITY OF NEW YORK (1)
The "City of New York" was a 2,360 gross ton ship, built in 1861 by Tod & MacGregor, Glasgow for the Inman Line. Her details were - length 336ft x beam 40ft, clipper stem, one funnel, three masts (rigged for sail), iron construction, single screw and a speed of 12 knots. There was accommodation for 158-cabin and 700-3rd class passengers. Launched on 12/4/1861, she sailed from Liverpool on 11/9/1861 on her maiden voyage to Queenstown (Cobh) and New York. Her last voyage started on 24/2/1864 when she left Liverpool for Queenstown and New York and on her homeward journey, when approaching Queenstown in the early morning of 29th March 1864, she struck the sunken reef known as Daunt's Rock, and became a total loss. There were no casualties. [ North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.1,pps.224/240] [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 17 January 1998]

CITY OF NEW YORK (2)
The second "City of New York" was a 2,642 gross ton ship built by Tod & MacGregor, Glasgow in 1865. Length 321ft x beam 39.6ft, clipper stem, one funnel, three masts (rigged for sail), iron construction, single screw and a speed of 12 knots. Launched as the "Delaware" for Richardson, Spence & Co, Liverpool on 25/2/1865, she went to Inman Line the same year and was renamed "City of New York". On 7/6/1865 she sailed from Liverpool on her maiden voyage to Queenstown (Cobh) and New York. In 1871 she was rebuilt to a length of 375.2ft and 3,523 gross tons and on 4/4/1871 resumed the Liverpool - Queenstown - New York service. In September 1876 she was chartered to the American Line and completed three round voyages between Liverpool and Philadelphia, and the following year was fitted with compound engines. She was then chartered to the Guion Line and on 8/6/1878 commenced the first of 2 round voyages between Liverpool - Queenstown and New York. On 19/12/1882 she commenced her last voyage for the Inman Line when she left Liverpool for New York and in 1883 went to the Allan Line and was renamed "Norwegian". Fitted with new compound engines, she commenced Glasgow - Quebec - Montreal sailings on 12/6/1884, Glasgow - New York sailings on 20/11/1891 and Glasgow - Boston sailings on 4/7/1896. Her last Glasgow - New York voyage commenced on 28/4/1900 and her last Glasgow - Quebec - Montreal voyage on 23/5/1903. She was scrapped the same year in Holland. [ North Atlantic Seaway , by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.1, p.241] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 17 January 1998]

CITY OF NEW YORK (3)
The "City of New York" was an iron built, 3,019 gross ton, screw propulsion steamer with a speed of 14 knots. She was built in 1875 by Roach, Chester, PA for the Pacific Mail Steamship Co.and sailed on her first voyage from San Francisco to Kandavau (Fiji) and Sydney on 24th April 1876. On 26th October 1893 she was wrecked on Point Bonita, San Francisco Bay. The company ran a service between San Francisco, Fiji, Honolulu and Australia / New Zealand ports and from 1879, advertised in the London Times "An overland route from Britain to Australia, New Zealand, China, etc, via New York and San Francisco in connection with the Anchor Line from London or Glasgow to New York. Through tickets are available". [North Star to Southern Cross by John M.Maber] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 11 March 1998]

CITY OF NEW YORK (4)
See NEW YORK (2).

CITY OF PARIS
See PHILADELPHIA.

CITY OF ROME (1)
The "City of Rome" was built in 1881 by Barrow Shipbuilding Co, Barrow for the Inman Line. She was a 8415 gross ton vessel, length 560.2ft x beam 52.3ft, clipper stem, three funnels, four masts, iron construction, single screw and a speed of 16 knots. There was accommodation for 271-1st, 250-2nd and 810-3rd class passengers. Launched on 14/6/1881 she left Liverpool on her maiden voyage to Queenstown [Cobh] and New York on 13/10/1881. She made 5 round voyages and was then transferred to Henderson's Anchor Line, and made her first voyage for them from Liverpool - Queenstown - NY commencing 25/8/1882. On 4/10/1890 she left Liverpool on her last voyage on this service and was transferred to the Glasgow - Moville - NY run, commencing 7/5/1891 and was rebuilt to accommodate 75-1st, 250-2nd and 1,000- 3rd class passengers. In September 1898 she was used to repatriate 1690 Spanish troops from Portsmouth, USA to Santander, Spain after the Spanish - American war. On 26/9/1901 she left Glasgow on her last trip to Moville, NY and back to Glasgow and was scrapped in Germany in 1902. She was considered by many to be the most beautiful steamer ever built.[E-mail from Ted Finch to Karin Corbeil - 1 September 1997 (compliments of Karin Corbeil)]

CITY OF ROME (2)
The CITY OF ROME that sank the S-51 was a coastal passenger steamer of the Savannah Line. She was named for the city of Rome in the State of Georgia, not the one in Italy. She was built by the New York Shipbuilding Corporation at Camden, New Jersey in 1911 as the SUWANNEE of the Merchants & Miners Line, and was sold to the Savannah Line in September 1917. She was sold back to Merchants & Miners in 1928 and renamed SOMERSET, and was broken up at Baltimore in 1938. For Merchants & Miners she ran between Philadelphia, Baltimore, Savannah, and Jacksonville, Florida. For the Savannah Line she ran between Boston and Savannah. 3648 tons enrolled length 309 ft., breadth 46 ft. 170 passengers only carried cargo after July 936 Jacksonville steamboat and steamship historian Ed Mueller is currently working on a history of Merchants & Miners. - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 22 October 1997]

CITY OF VIENNA
See THESSALONIKI.

CITY OF WASHINGTON
The "City of Wahington" was built in 1855 by Tod & MacGregor, Glasgow for the Inman Line of Liverpool. This was a 2,381 gross ton ship, length 319ft x beam 40ft, clipper stem, one funnel, three masts (rigged for sail), iron construction, single screw and a speed of 10 knots. Launched on 1/8/1855, she sailed in September of that year from Liverpool to Marseilles, where she was chartered to the French government and used as a Crimean War transport. On 5/11/1856 she commenced her first Liverpool - Philadelphia voyage and after this one voyage, inaugurated Inman Line's Liverpool - New York service, leaving Liverpool on 31/12/1856. In November 1864 she was reconditioned and fitted with new boilers after having completed 63 N.Atlantic round voyages. In 1869 she was rebuilt to a length of 358ft and 2,870 tons and on 5/6/1869 commenced her first voyage after alterations from Liverpool to Queenstown (Cobh), Halifax and New York. She was wrecked near Cape Sable on 7/7/1873 due to a defective compass, with no loss of life. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.1, p.239] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 18 January 1998]

CIUDAD CONDAL
The "Ciudad Condal" was built by T.R.Oswald & Co, Sunderland in 1873 as the "Washington" for the German owned company, Baltischer Lloyd. This was a 2,576 gross ton steamer, one funnel, two masts, iron construction, single screw and a speed of 12 knots. There was accommodation for 150-1st & 2nd class passengers and 700-3rd class. Launched in May 1873, she sailed on her maiden voyage from Stettin to Havre and New York on 31/7/1873. She commenced her fourth and last voyage on 28/5/1874 when she left Stettin for Copenhagen, Antwerp and New York. Sold to A.Lopez y Compania of Spain and renamed "Ciudad Condal" in 1879, she came under the control of Compania Trasatlantica of Barcelona in 1881. I have no details of the sailings of this ship, except that she was used on the feeder service between Havana and New York for a while. She was scrapped at Genoa in 1906. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, vol.2, p.774] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 6 May 1998]

CLAN MACLEOD
See PROCIDA .

CLARIDON
See ILE DE FRANCE

CLEVELAND (1)
See SCANDINAVIA.

CLEVELAND (2)
The CLEVELAND was built in 1908 by Blohm and Voss of Hamburg. The ship was part of the Hamburg-American line. The tonnage was 16,971. Dimensions: 588' x 65'. Twin screw, 16 knots, four masts and two funnels. The CLEVELAND inaugurated a new service to Boston in May, 1913 also with its sister ship, the CINCINNATI. She was seized by the United States Government during World War I and converted into a troopship, and renamed MOBILE. In 1922, she reverted back to the Hamburg-American line and received her former name. The ship was scrapped in 1933. From: Transatlantic Passenger Ships, Past and Present by Eugene Smith, published by Geo. H. Dean Co. of Boston, Mass. - [E-mail from Edna Behr - 5 February 1998]

CLIFTON (1)
See ATALANTA (2).

CLIFTON (2)
See HERTHA.

CLIO
The "Clio" was built by C.&W.Earle, Hull in 1864 for Thomas Wilson, Sons & Co of Hull. She was a 1,107 gross ton ship, length 233.7ft x beam 30.7ft x depth 19.9ft, iron construction, simple two-cylinder engine and a single screw. Official Number 47933. She sailed on the North Sea and Baltic ports to Hull service until 7/12/1866 when she stranded on the West coast of Jutland and remained aground for eighteen months until salvaged and repaired. On 13/11/1868 she was sold by her salvors to Bailey & Leetham of Hull and on 21/7/1869 she was sunk in collision with the British steamer "Niobe" in thick fog off Gotland, while on passage from Cronstadt to Hull. She sank with the loss of her master and 16 of her crew. [Wilson Line by John Harrower] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 10 June 1998]

CLIVE
See LORD CLIVE.

COAMO
The S.S. COAMO was built by the Newport News Shipyard. in Newport News, Va in 1925, She was 429 foot long 60 foot wide and 25 foot draft. Gross Tons 7057 Owned by AGWILINES, New York City. The vessel was torpedoed at 1800 hours December 9,1942 near Bermuda. While enroute from Gibraltar to New York., The ship and crew were never heard or seen again. The ship had a Merchant Marine Crew of 133 men.This was the greatest lost of a single merchant crew on a U.S. Merchant Marine Ship during the Second World War. The vessel was sunk by the German submarine U604 This is all the info that I have on this ship. - [Posted to The ShipsList by Captain C.J.Carroll - 1 August 1998]

COCKSPUR
See SUNDANCE.

COLOMBO
The "Colombo" was a Wilson Line steamer employed on the Hull - New York service. She was a 2,624 gross ton ship, length 333.1ft x beam 36.7ft x depth 27.1ft, straight stem, one funnel, three masts, iron construction, single screw and a speed of 12 knots. Official Number 68655. There was accommodation for 40-1st and 20-2nd class passengers. Launched by Humphreys & Pearson, Hull on 16.9.1872, she commenced her maiden voyage on 21.4.1875 when she left Hull for Southampton and New York. On 3.12.1876 she left Hull for New York with 44 persons on board, and was last spoken in position 47.26N, 35.33W, but not heard of since. Passenger fares were - 1st class 12 guineas (12.60 UKP), 2nd class 7 guineas (7.35 UKP), steerage 6 UKP. [Wilson Line by John Harrower] - [Posted to the ShipsList by Ted Finch - 28 May 1998]

COLON
See ARAWA.

COLORADO
The "Colorado" of 1870 was built in 1867 by Palmer Bros & Co, Jarrow-on-Tyne for the Guion Line of Liverpool. She was a 2,927 gross ton ship, length 335ft x beam 43ft, clipper stem, one funnel, two masts (rigged for sail), iron construction, single screw and a speed of 10 knots. There was capacity for 72-1st and 800-3rd class passengers. Launched on 30th Oct.1867, she sailed from Liverpool on 14th Jan.1868 on her maiden voyage to Queenstown (Cobh) and New York. On 7th Feb.1872 she sailed from Liverpool for New York and was in collision with the British steamer "Arabian" in the River Mersey the same day and sank with the loss of six lives.[North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, vol.2, p.708] - Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 27 October 1998]

COLUMBELLA
See COLUMBIA (6).

COLUMBIA (1)
The Bremen bark COLUMBIA was built by Johann Lange, Vegesack/Grohn, for the Bremen firm of D. H. Watjen & Co, and was launched on 17 October 1846. 213 Commerzlasten; 33,8 x 9,0 x 5,2 meters (length x beam x depth of hold). 1 December 1846, maiden voyage, Bremerhaven-Baltimore, under Capt. Sievert Geerken. Until 1853, the COLUMBIA served as a "packet sailor", sailing twice a year with emigrants to New York and returning to Europe with a cargo of tobacco or cotton. After 1853, her cargo was chiefly tobacco. In 1854, Hinrich Semcken became her master. In 1861, the COLUMBIA was sold for 12,000 taler to the Brodrene Rod, of Tjome, near Tonsberg. She was commanded, in turn, buy O. Rod, B. Rod, R. Rod, and O. J. Rod. In August 1879, bound from London to Quebec in ballast, in approximately Lat 49 N, Lon 36 W, the COLUMBIA sank after colliding with a whale; the crew was rescued by the steamer P. COLAND [Peter-Michael Pawlik, Von der Weser in die Welt; Die Geschichte der Segelschiffe von Weser und Lesum und ihrer Bauwerften 1770 bis 1893, Schriften des Deutschen Schiffahrtsmuseums, Bd. 33 (Hamburg: Kabel, c1993), p. 211]. No picture of the COLUMBIA is known to survive. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 12 December 1997]

COLUMBIA (2)
Columbia was built 1846, by W. H. Webb at NYC, New York. 1051 tons, 171' x 37' x 22'. A square rigger which saw long service, shortly after launching she met tragedy and near disaster. Crossing the Atlantic, the ship encountered a severe winter gale and mountainous waves. Captain John Rathbone, two of his mates, and several seamen were swept overboard and lost when a huge wave struck the vessel. Without officers to discipline them, the remaining crew took over the ship. terrorized the passengers, and rifled the cabins. Fortunately another vessel came upon the scene and an officer and armed force boarded the Columbia and ended the mutiny. The Columbia was owned by C. H. Marshall & Co. of NYC and operated under the Black Ball or Old Line from 1846 to 1869, averaging 32 days on her westward crossings. Known as a consistently fast and reliable performer, she was sold to San Francisco owners in 1869, as was still in service as late as 1887--more than 40 years on the ocean. A picture of the Columbia can be found in the Morrison Collection, at the National Maritime Museum, San Francisco, CA. [Posted to The ShipsList by Myrl Pardee - 3 January 1998]

COLUMBIA (3)
(Of 1866) See SCANDINAVIA.

COLUMBIA (4)
The "Columbia" was built by A.Stephen & Sons, Glasgow in 1866 for the Anchor Line. She was a 1,698 gross ton ship, length 283.3ft x beam 33.6ft, clipper stem, one funnel, three masts (ship-rigged for sail), iron construction, single screw and a speed of 10 knots. There was accommodation for 80-cabin and 540-3rd class passengers. Launched on 10/9/1866, she sailed from Glasgow on her maiden voyage to New York on 27/10/1866. Between 1872-74 she sailed between Glasgow - Mediterranean - New York and Glasgow (4 Voyages). Between Aug 1874 - March 1875, Glasgow - Liverpool - Halifax - St John NB (2 voyages). 1875-76 Bordeaux - New York (2 voyages) In 1878 she was rebuilt to 2,030 tons and fitted with compound engines. Between 1878-82 she made 7 round voyages between Glasgow, Liverpool and Bombay, and in 1883 she made a single Glasgow - Liverpool - Calcutta voyage as well as, between 1880-81 making 9 voyages between London - Halifax - Boston. >From 1883-92 she made 26 voyages from Glasgow to Mediterranean ports, New York and back to Glasgow and in Sept 1892 commenced her last voyage from Glasgow to Genoa, Malaga, Halifax, New York (arr 17/11/1892), and Glasgow. On 26/1/1894 she was sold to the Italian company, Italo-Britannico and renamed "Francesco Crispi". In Aug 1898 she was wrecked on Shipwash with no loss of life. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.1,p.453] [Posted to the ShipsList by Ted Finch - 10 January 1998]

COLUMBIA (5)
The "Columbia" of 1891 was a Hamburg America Line ship, built in dry dock in 1889 by Laird Bros, Birkenhead. Her details were 7,241 gross tons, length 463.5ft x beam 55.6ft, three funnels, three masts, twin screw and a speed of 18 knots. There was accommodation for 400-1st, 120-2nd and 580-3rd class passengers. Floated on 27/2/1889, she left Hamburg on 18/7/1889 on her maiden voyage to Southampton and New York. On 19/12/1893 she commenced her first voyage from Genoa to Naples and New York and made several further winter voyages on this route. Her last Hamburg - Southampton - New York sailing commenced on 14/10/1897 and in 1898 she was sold to the Spanish government for use as a troopship and auxiliary for the Spanish - American War and renamed "Rapido". In 1899 she was repurchased by Hamburg America Line, went back to her original name of "Columbia" and on 31/8/1899, commenced sailing between Hamburg, Southampton, Cherbourg and New York. Her last sailing on this route started on 9/10/1902 and on 3/4/1904 she made a single sailing from Naples to Genoa and New York. In 1904 she was sold to the Russian Volunteer Fleet, renamed "Terek" and used as a troop transport in the Russo - Japanese War. Scrapped in 1907. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.1,p.396] [Merchant Fleets in Profile by Duncan Haws, vol.4, Hamburg America Line] [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 25 November 1997]

COLUMBIA (6)
Built for the Anchor Line by D & W Henderson Ltd, of Glasgow, to replace the CITY OF ROME. 8,292 tons; 147,97 x 17,16 meters (485.5 x 56.3 feet; length x beam); 3 funnels, 2 masts; twin screw propulsion, service speed 16 knots; accommodation for 345 1st-, 218 2nd-, and 740 3rd-class passengers. 22 February 1902, launched. 17 May 1902, maiden voyage, Glasgow- Moville-New York. 17 October 1914, last voyage, Glasgow-Moville-New York. November 1914-July 1919, temporarily renamed COLUMBELLA and served as an armed merchant cruiser. 20 August 1919, resumed Glasgow-Moville-New York service (72 1st-, 430 2nd-, and 378 3rd-class passengers). 1921, converted to oil fuel. November 1922, 492 cabin and 420 3rd-class passengers. 22 August 1925, last voyage, Glasgow-Moville-New York-Glasgow; laid up in River Clyde. 5 March 1926, became MOREAS (Byron). 1 September 1926, first voyage, Piraeus-New York. 15 January 1927, last voyage, Piraeus- New York (arrived 2 February, departed 16 February_-Piraeus (3 roundtrip voyages). Laid up in Greece. 1928, became MOREAS (National Greek Line), but did not run for them. July 1929, scrapped at Venice [Noel Reginald Pixell Bonsor, North Atlantic Seaway; An Illustrated History of the Passenger Services Linking the Old World with the New (2nd ed.; Jersey, Channel Islands: Brookside Publications), vol. 1 (1975), p. 466]. Michael J. Anuta, Ships of Our Ancestors (Menominee, MI: Ships of Our Ancestors, 1983), p. 66, courtesy of the Peabody Essex Museum [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer]

COLUMBIA (7)
Built by Harland & Wolff, Belfast in 1913 as the "Katoomba" for McIlwraith & McEacharn of Melbourne, she was a 8,473 gross ton ship, length 466ft x beam 60.3ft, one funnel, two masts, triple screw and a speed of 15 knots.Launched on 10/4/1913, she was used on the Sydney - Freemantle service, served as a troopship in both world wars and was sold to Cia Maritima del Este (Greek Line) in July 1946. In December 1946 she sailed on a voyage from Piraeus to Genoa, Lisbon, New York (arr.9/1/1947, dep.26/1/1947)and Piraeus. Between 1947 - 1949 she was under charter to Cie Generale Transatlantique (French Line) and sailed between France and the West Indies. In 1949 she was refitted at Genoa, converted from coal to oil burning, fitted with extra lifeboats, painted white and renamed "Columbia". There was accommodation for 52-1st and 754-tourist class passengers. In 1949 she sailed between the Mediterranean and Central America for the Greek Line and in April 1950 started the first of two round voyages between Piraeus, Quebec and Montreal. On 31/5/1950 she commenced a single Montreal - Quebec - Cherbourg - Southampton voyage and on 1/7/1950 resumed Montreal - Quebec - Piraeus sailings. Her seventh and last voyage on this service was in May 1951 (arr.18/5/1951) and on 21/5/1951 she started sailings between Montreal - Quebec - Cherbourg - Southampton and Bremen. In 1954 she came under the management of Neptune Shipping Co, Panama and in 1957 made several voyages from Liverpool to Belfast and Quebec. She was damaged in collision with the Home Line's "Homeric" at Quebec on 18/8/1957 in fog, and on 2/10/1957 started her last crossing from Quebec to Southampton. She subsequently sailed to Piraeus where she was laid up until 22/8/1959, when she sailed for Nagasaki, Japan where she was scrapped.[North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, vol.3, p.1655] [The Atlantic Liners, 1925-1970 by Frederick Emmons] - [E-mail from Ted Finch - 18 May 1998]

COLUMBIA (8)
(of 1935) See BELGENLAND (2) .

COLUMBUS (1)
The bark COLUMBUS was built by Hermann Friedrich Ulrichs, Vegesack/Fahr, and launched in 1861. 265 Commerzlasten/591 tons; 40,5 x 9,5 x 5,1 meters (length x breadth x depth of hold). International Signal Code:QBPV. The principal owners of the COLUMBUS were G. Ihlder jun. (11/16), and Joh. D. Ihlder (4/16), both of Bremerhaven; the remaining 1/16 (by 1864 increased to 1/4) share was held by the Bremen firm of Wm. Stisser & Co, who managed the vessel. Captains of the COLUMBUS under the Bremen flag were, in order, Joh. Gerdes, Wohlert Gerdes, Joh. Diedr. Hilmer, Gerh. Diedr. Ihlder, M. Dewers, Joh. Ihlder jun., and D. Kuck. The COLUMBUS was employed chiefly in the transportation of petroleum from the United States to Europe, but also carried passengers. In June 1884, the vessel was sold to Consul Peter Bornholdt, Advocat Christian Kalning, Advocat Friedrich Grosswald, and Kaufmann Christoph Berg, of Riga, who entrusted her management to the Schiffahrts-Gesellschaft "Austra". Until the mid-1890's her master was Capt. Bauer, who was succeeded in turn by Capt. Jurenberg (until 1900), and Capt. F. Dreimann (1900-1901). In 1901/02, the COLUMBUS was sold to J. Putning, of Riga; Captain R. Behrsing. The vessel was lost in April 1903 [Peter-Michael Pawlik, Von der Weser in die Welt; Die Geschichte der Segelschiffe von Weser und Lesum und ihrer Bauwerften 1770 bis 1893, Schriften des Deutschen Schiffahrtsmuseums, Bd. 33 (Hamburg: Kabel, c1993), p. 283, no. 54]. Pawlik's work contains a reproduction of a painting of the COLUMBUS, dated 1862, by Oltmann Jaburg. - [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 13 August 1998]

COLUMBUS (2)
See REPUBLIC (1) .

COLUMBUS (3)
The "Columbus" was built by F. Schichau, Danzig for North German Lloyd. She was a 32,354 gross ton ship, length 749.6ft x beam 83.1ft, two funnels, two masts, twin screw and a speed of 19 knots. There was passenger accommodation for 478-1st, 644-2nd and 602-3rd class. Laid down in 1914 as the "Hindenburg", construction was halted, due to the outbreak of the Great War. It was attempted to launch her as the "Columbus" on 17/6/1922, but she stuck on the slipway and launching was completed, after several attempts, on 12/8/1922. On 22/4/1924 she sailed from Bremen on her maiden voyage to New York, and on 29/5/1924 commenced her first Bremen - Southampton - New York voyage. On 2/8/1927 her starboard engine broke down and she returned empty from New York to Bremen, where she was temporarily fitted with a replacement from the NGL cargo steamer "Schwaben" which gave her a speed of 16 knots. In March 1928 she was refitted to carry 1st, 2nd, tourist 3rd cabin, and 3rd class passengers, and on 21/6/1929 started her last Bremen - Southampton - Cherbourg - New York voyage. She was then re-engined by Blohm & Voss to give her a speed of 23 knots and with shorter funnels of greater diameter. On 14/12/1929 she resumed Bremen - Southampton - Cherbourg - New York voyages and in April 1932 was altered to carry 1st, tourist and 3rd class. In April 1936 she was again altered to cabin, tourist and 3rd class and made her last Bremen - New York voyage in June 1939. Between June and August 1939 she made 5 cruises from New York, and on the last one, was ordered to Havana to offload passengers due to the threat of war. From September to December 1939 she sheltered at Vera Cruz, Mexico. On 19/12/1939 she was intercepted by HMS HYPERION, 300 miles east of Norfolk, Virginia, while attempting to return to Bremerhaven, and was set fire to by the crew and scuttled to avoid capture. The crew were rescued by a nearby US warship. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.2, p.572] [German Ocean Liners of the 20th Century by William H. Miller] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch 23 March 1998]

COMET
"COMET" built 1812, belonging to Henry Bell. Bell's steamer was novel and peculiar to ship builders. It had an 11 inch bore cylinder , a stroke of 16 inches, and was originally arranged to drive 2 pairs of paddle wheels via spur gearing. When this arrangement proved unsatisfactory a single pair of paddles was substituted and the vessel achieved a speed of 6.7 knots. The success of the COMET between Greenock and Glasgow encouraged others. By 1814 there were 5 steamers operating on the Clyde River . [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Ted Finch]

COMMONWEALTH (1)
The COMMONWEALTH was a side-wheel packet built at Shousetown, Pennsylvania, in 1864. 261 x 43 x 8.6 ft (length x beam x depth of hold); wood hull; engines, inside diameter of cylinder 22 in, length of stroke 9 ft; 3 boilers. In 1866, James Lloyd, master, and James K. Boyles, clerk, she ran New Orleans-St. Louis. Owned in 1868 by Benjamin F. Hutchinson, St. Louis (3/4), and M. W. Beltzhoover, Allegheny City, Pennsylvania (1/4); Capt. William Conley. May 1873, sold to Capt. J. P. Sedam and others, who extensively rebuilt her, but could not pay the bills. She was seized by a U.S. marshal at St. Louis in November 1873, and sold to Capt. Thomas W. Shields and others, who ran her New Orleans-St. Louis, and occasionally New Orleans-Cincinnati. She is said to have made a trip up the Wabash River to New Harmony, Indiana, and brought out a large cargo of corn. She was incorporated into the Anchor Line. Late in her career she was sold to a gentleman of Dover, Kentucky, who ran her several times Cincinnati-New Orleans, and then pinch-hit in the excursion trade between Cincinnati and Coney Island; during one such trip she ran over the steamer LAME DUCK and sank her. She burned at the foot of Whittaker Street, Cincinnati, at 11 PM, 25August 1889. She had a mockingbird whistle, and had to lower her stacks to clear the Cincinnati suspension bridge [Frederick Way, Jr., Way's Packet Directory, 1848-1994; Passenger Steamboats of the Mississippi River System Since the Advent of Photography in Mid-Continent America (revised edition; Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 1994),pp. 107-108, packet #1275]. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 16 December 1997]

COMMONWEALTH (2)
See CANOPIC.

CONCORDIA
This was a cargo ship with limited passenger accommodation belonging to the Donaldson Line of Glasgow. Built by Barclay, Curle & Co, Glasgow in 1881, she was a 2,544 gross ton ship, length 319.6ft x beam 41ft, one funnel, three masts, iron construction, single screw and a speed of 10 knots. There was accommodation for 6-1st class passengers and she probably carried steerage as well. Launched on 11th Jul.1881, she sailed from Glasgow on her maiden voyage to Quebec and Montreal on 31st Aug.1881. She transferred to an experimental service from Bristol to Quebec and Montreal on 24th Jul.1894, but this was found unsuccessful and she only made three round voyages on this route. In July 1896 she was damaged in collision with an iceburg in the Atlantic and was eventually sold to Italian owners in 1909. Scrapped in Italy in 1911. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, vol.3, p.1011] - [E-mail from Ted Finch - 24 September 1998]

CONFIDENCE
CONFIDENCE, of London, two hundred tons, John Gibson, Master. She sailed from Southampton the last of April <1638>, 'by vertue of the Lord Treasurers warrant of the 11th of April, 1638.' [Footnote: Colonial Papers, America and West Indies, v, 375.] [Posted to The ShipsList by Christopher Brooks - 16 October 1997]

CONSTANTIN
See HIGHLAND GHILLIE .

CONSTANTINOPLE
See BREMEN (2).

CONSTITUTION (1)
The bark CONSTITUTION was built by Johann Lange, of Vegesack/Grohn, for the Bremen firm of H. H. Meier & Co--whose owner, Hermann Heinrich Meier 1808-1898), later founded Norddeutscher Lloyd--and was launched on 7 November 1833, as the successor to a bark of the same name, built in 1820, that had been lost earlier in the year. 127 Commerzlasten; 27,6 x 7,7 x 4,7 meters (length x beam x depth of hold). She sailed for almost 25 years in the packet service between Bremerhaven and New York. Captains (in turn): J. F. Volckmann, G. C. Ahlhorn, J. F. G. E. G. Thormann, Hermann Rothfos, F. G. Schelling, J. D. Luth, W. Lauer, and Jurgen Hake. She was sold in Bangkok in 1859; her later history and ultimate fate are not known. Source: Peter-Michael Pawlik, Von der Weser in die Welt; Die Geschichte der Segelschiffe von Weser und Lesum und ihrer Bauwerften 1770 bis 1893, Schriften des Deutschen Schiffahrtsmuseums, Bd. 33 (Hamburg: Kabel, c1993), p. 181, no. 121. - [Posted to the Enigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 28 February 1998]

CONSTITUTION (2)
The wooden-side-wheel steamship CONSTITUTION (II), built by William H. Webb., New York, for the Pacific Mail Steamship Co, and launched on 25 May 1861, was chartered by the Quartermaster's Department, War Department, in 1861 and 1862. She was returned to her owners in mid-1862, and sailed from New York for San Francisco on 19 June 1862. She served for the Pacific Mail Steamship Co between San Francisco and Panama from 1862 through June 1869, and was broken up at San Francisco in 1879 [John Haskell Kemble, The Panama Route, 1848-1869, University of California Publications in History, 29 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1943), p. 222]. - [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 27 February 1998]

CONSUELO
See CAIRNRONA.

CONTE BIANCAMANO
The "Conte Biancamano" was built by W.Beardmore & Co.Ltd, Glasgow in 1925 for Lloyd Sabaudo. She was a 24,416 gross ton liner, length overall 650.9ft x beam 76.1ft, two funnels, two masts, twin screw and a speed of 19 knots. There was accommodation for 180-1st, 220-1st or 2nd class, 200-2nd class, 390-economic 2nd class, and 2,660-3rd class passengers. She was launched on 23/4/1925 and sailed from Genoa on her maiden voyage to Naples and New York on 20/11/1925. She commenced her last voyage to New York for this company on 25/11/1932 and then went to Italia Line where she resumed the same service for six round voyages, the last one commencing 1/7/1932. Transferred to the South America run starting 8/9/1932 and in 1936 was transferred to Lloyd Triestino. In 1940 she went back to Italia Line and was used for a voyage from Genoa to Naples, Panama Canal, Valparaiso, and Panama where she was laid up at Cristobal on 10/6/1940 when Italy entered the war. In December 1941 she was seized by the USA and became the troopship USS "Hermitage". Returned to Italy in 1947, she was reconditioned in 1948 and fitted with a new raked bow which gave her an overall length of 665ft, and a tonnage of 23,562. Her accommodation was altered to carry 252-1st, 455-cabin and 893-tourist class passengers. She was owned by Societa Marittima Finanziaria and was later repurchased by Italia. On 14/7/1949 she resumed the Genoa - Buenos Aires service and on 21/3/1950 was transferred to the Genoa - Cannes - Naples - New York service. On 26/3/1960 she commenced her last voyage from Genoa to Naples, Barcelona, Lisbon, Halifax and New York and was then scrapped at Spezia. There is a photograph of this vessel in South Atlantic Seaway p.452 by N.R.P.Bonsor. 1983. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Ted Finch - 16 September 1997]

CONTE DE SAVOIA
Built by Cantieri Riuniti dell'Adriatico, Monfalcone in 1931 for Lloyd Sabaudo, she was a 48,502 gross ton ship, overall length 814.6ft x beam 96.1ft, two funnels, two masts, four screws and a speed of 27 knots. There was accommodation for 360-1st, 375-special, 400-tourist and 922-3rd class passengers. Launched on 28/10/1931, she was transferred to Italia Line (which was an amalgamation of three former independent lines) in January 1932. She was one of the first ships to be fitted with gyro-stabilizers which, it was claimed, maximized her rolling to three degrees. She sailed from Genoa on her maiden voyage to Villefranche and New York on 30/11/1932 and in April 1936, her special class accommodation became tourist class. On 25/5/1940 she started her last crossing from New York to Italy and was then laid up near Venice until 1943 when she became a troopship. She was sunk in shallow water at Venice by British bombers on 11/9/1943, refloated on 16/10/1945, sold and scrapped at Monfalcone in 1950. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, vol.4, p.1618] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 13 July 1998]

CONTE GRANDE
Conte Grande (1927) (a) Lloyd Sabaudo Line, (b) Italia Line. Built by Stabilimento Tecnico, Trieste, Italy. Tonnage: 25,661. Dimensions: 624' x 78' (652' o.l.) Twin screw, 21 knots. Two masts and two funnels. Launched, 29 June 1927. Maiden voyage: Genoa-Naples-New York,13 April 1928. Transfered to South America service in 1932. Seized by Brazil in 1942. Later became an American troopship during World War 2. Returned to South American service of Italia Line in 1949, after being reconditioned. Renamed: (a) Monticello (1941), (b) Conte Grande (1947). Withdrawn from Italia Line service in 1960. Placd in Lloyd Triestino service, December 1960. Sister ship: Conte Biancamano. ( Taken from Passenger Ships of the World Past and Present by Eugene W. Smith, part I, Trans-Atlantic Passenger Ships, page 70. Published by George H. Dean Company, 645 Summer Street, Boston, Massachusetts., 1978) [Submitted by Felice DiMatteo - 20 October 1997]

CONTE ROSSO
The "Conte Rosso" was built in 1921 by W.Beardmore & Co, Ltd for Lloyd Sabaudo of Italy. Her details were - 18,017 gross tons, length overall 588.2ft x beam 74.2ft, two funnels, two masts, twin screw and a speed of 18 knots. There was accommodation for 342-1st, 214-2nd and 1,800-3rd class passengers. Launched on 10/2/1921, she sailed from Genoa on her maiden voyage to Naples and South America on 29/3/1922. After this voyage, she commenced sailings from Genoa to Naples and New York on 15/5/1922. In 1925 accommodation for 188-economic 2nd class passengers was added and on 27/2/1928 she commenced her last Genoa - New York crossing. Subsequently she was used on the South America service, and in 1932 was taken over by Lloyd Triestino. On 24/5/1941 she was torpedoed and sunk by the British submarine HMS UPHOLDER while 10 miles from Sicily, with the loss of 1,212 lives. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.3, p.1368] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 17 March 1998]

The CONTE ROSSO was built for the Italian Lloyd Sabaudo Line by W. Beardmore & Co Ltd, Glasgow (ship #611), and launched on 10 February 1921. 18,017 tons; 173,78 [179,27]x 22,61 meters/570.2 [588.2] x 74.2 feet (length x breadth); two funnels, 2 masts; twin-screw propulsion (double-reduction steam turbine engines), service speed 18.5 knots; passenger accommodation: 208 in 1st class, 268 in 2nd class, 1,890 in 3rd class; crew of 442. 29 March 1922, maiden voyage, Genoa-Naples-Buenos Aires. 15 May 1922-27 February 1928, Genoa-Naples-New York. 1924, 17,085 tons. 26 May 1925, passenger accommodation for 188 in "economic second class" added. 19 April 1928, resumed Genoa-Naples-South America service. 1932, merger of the NGI, Lloyd Sabaudo, and Cosulich lines as Italia (Flotte Riunite Cosulich-Lloyd Sabaudo-NGI); later that year sold to Lloyd Triestino, Trieste, for the Trieste-East Asia service; 17,856 tons, 250 passengers in 1st class, 170 in 2nd class, 220 in 3rd class. 1936, refitted; new boilers, service speed 20 knots. 1940, troop transport. 24 May 1941, en route to Tripoli with 2,500 tropps, torpedoed and sunk by the British submarine UPHOLDER 15 sea miles east of Syracuse with the loss of 1,212 lives [Arnold Kludas, Die grossen Passagierschiffe der Welt; Eine Dokumentation, Bd. 2: 1913-1923 (2nd ed.; Oldenburg/Hamburg: Gerhard Stalling, c1973), pp. 102-103 (photograph); Noel Reginald Pixell Bonsor, North Atlantic Seaway; An Illustrated History of the Passenger Services Linking the Old World with the New (2nd ed.; Jersey, Channel Islands: Brookside Publications), vol. 3 (1979), p. 1868; Bonsor, South Atlantic Seaway: An illustrated history of the passenger lines and liners from Europe to Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina (Jersey, Channel Islands: Brookside Publications, c1983), p. 386]. Also pictured in Michael J. Anuta, Ships of Our Ancestors (Menominee, MI: Ships of Our Ancestors, 1983), p. 68, courtesy of the Steamship Historical Society of America, Langsdale Library, University of Baltimore, 1420 Maryland Ave., Baltimore, MD 21201. - [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 18 March 1998]

CONTINENTAL
CONTINENTAL (1902) It is part of the Arnold Bernstein Line. Built by the Maryland Steel Co.Sparrows Point Maryland. tonnage = 10,005..Dimensions 489'x58'. Twin screw, 13 knots.Triple expansion engines. Two masts and 1 funnel. Passengers:350. In New York -Plymouth-Antwerp service during 1948 season..Ex-Tidewater (1948). ex-Permanente (1946) ex-Ancon (1941) ex-Shawmut . [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by M. L. Durse - 12 July 1997]

COPERNICUS (1)
The Hamburg bark COPERNICUS (not to be confused with the Bremen bark of the same name, which sailed in the emigrant trade between Bremen and the United States in the 1850's) was built by Heinrich Otto Becker, of Pillau, East Prussia (now Baltjsk, in the Russian territory of Kaliningrad), for the merchant Eduard Ganswindt; Bielbrief [certificate of registry] Konigsberg 3 October 1850; sold the same day to the Hamburg merchant and shipowner Robert Miles Sloman. 163 Commerzlasten; other measurements not given. Master: 1851-1853 - C. J. O. Roluffs; 1853-1856 - H. Meyer; 1856-1857 - H. C. Johannes; 1857-1859 - T. A. Dahl. Voyages: 1850 - from Pillau/London; 1851-1852 - New York; 1852/53 - New Orleans; 1853-1856 - New York; 1856/1857 - New Orleans; 1857 - Quebec; 1857/1858 - New Orleans; 1858 - Quebec/Glasgow. 1859, sold Norwegian and renamed SANDEFJORD (Gronwold, master) [Ernst Hieke, Rob. M. Sloman Jr., errichtet 1793, Veroffentlichungen der Wirtschaftsgeschichtlichen Forschungsstelle e.V., Band 30 (Hamburg: Verlag Hanseatischer Merkur, 1968), p. 372; Walter Kresse, ed., Seeschiffs-Verzeichnis der Hamburger Reedereien, 1824-1888, Mitteilungen aus dem Museum fur Hamburgische Geschichte, N. F., Bd. 5. (Hamburg: Museum fur Hamburgische Geschichte, 1969), vol. 2, p. 209]. It is extremely unlikely that a photograph of the COPERNICUS exists, as she was a small, relatively unimportant general trader/emigrant carrier. - [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 10 February 1998]

COPERNICUS (2)
The Bremen ship COPERNICUS was built by Johann Lange, Vegesack/Grohn, for the Bremen firm of Gloystein & Gevekoht (later N. Gloystein Sohne), and launched on 17 March 1835. 177 Commerzlasten; 31,5 x 8,8 x 5,1 meters (length x beam x depth of hold). Her first master was Hinrich Haesloop. The COPERNICUS was engaged in the freight and passenger trade between Bremerhaven and North America. In 1844, she was sold to F. J. Wichelhausen, of Bremen. Haesloop was succeeded as master, in turn, by J. Andreas Harmsen and A. H. Ahrensfeld. In May 1844, bound from Bremen to Baltimore, the COPERNICUS rescued the captain and crew of the British brig PEACE, bound from Bayonne for the Gulf of St. Lawrence, which had sunk in an ice field in lat 46 50, lon 46 42. In March 1845, bound from New Orleans to Bremerhaven, the COPERNICUS grounded at the mouth of the Weser River; she was repaired at Bremerhaven. On 5 August 1846, she sailed from Bremerhaven for Baltimore, reaching her destination on 3 October 1846. She was found to have suffered severe damage from stormy weather during the passage, and was condemned [Peter-Michael Pawlik, Von der Weser in die Welt; Die Geschichte der Segelschiffe von Weser und Lesum und ihrer Bauwerften 1770 bis 1893, Schriften des Deutschen Schiffahrtsmuseums, Bd. 33 (Hamburg: Kabel, c1993), pp. 186-187, no. 128]. - [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 18 February 1998]

COPTIC
The "Coptic" was built by Harland & Wolff, Belfast (engines by J.Jack & Co, Liverpool) in 1881 for the White Star Line. She was a 4,367 gross ton ship, length 430.2ft x beam 42.2ft x depth 29.4ft (131,12m x 12,86m x 8,96m), one funnel, four masts (rigged for sail), single screw and a speed of 13 knots. There was accommodation for 70-1st class plus steerage passengers. Launched on 10th Aug.1881, she sailed from Liverpool on her maiden voyage to New York on 16th Nov.1881. After one more sailing on this service, she sailed from Liverpool on 11th Mar.1882 for Suez, Hong Kong and San Francisco under charter to the Occidental & Oriental Steamship Co. and was used on their San Francisco to Hong Kong trade. In 1884 she was fitted with refrigeration machinery and commenced London - Plymouth - Teneriffe - Cape Town - Hobart - Port Chalmers - Lyttelton - Wellington and/or Auckland voyages on May 26th 1884 for the White Star - Shaw Savill & Albion joint service. She made occasional calls at Napier and returned to Plymouth via Cape Horn, Montevideo, Rio de Janeiro and Teneriffe. She started her last sailing on this route on 22nd Feb.1894 and was then re-engined by Harland & Wolff and returned to the San Francisco - Yokohama - Hong Kong service of Oriental & Occidental SS Co in 1895. In 1906 she was sold to Pacific Mail SS Co and renamed "Persia", and in 1915 was sold to Toyo Kisen Kaisha of Tokyo and renamed "Persia Maru". She was scrapped in 1926 at Osaka. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, vol.2, p.758] [North Star to Southern Cross by John M. Maber] [Merchant Fleets by Duncan Haws, vol.10, Shaw Savill & Albion] [The Shaw Savill Line by Richard P.de Kerbrech] - [E-mail from Ted Finch - 23 August 1998]

CORCOVADO
See GUGLIELMO PEIRCE.

CORDILLERA
The "Cordillera" was a motorship built by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg in 1932 for the Caribbean service of the Hamburg America Line. She was a 12,051 gross ton cargo vessel, length 497.8ft x beam 65.8ft, one funnel, two masts, twin screw and a speed of 16 knots. On March 12th 1945 she was bombed and sunk by the RAF at Swinemunde, raised in 1949, she was repaired and ceded to the USSR. In 1951 she was renamed "Russ". I have no subsequent information on this ship. [Merchant Fleets by Duncan Haws, vol.4,Hamburg America Line] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 4 February 1998]

CORINTHIA
The CORINTHIA was built in 1911 by Koninklijke Mij de Schelde, Flushing as the ORANJE NASSAU for the Dutch owned Royal West Indian Mail Service. This was a 3,721 gross ton ship, length 337.6ft x beam 44.2ft, one funnel, two masts, single screw and a speed of 12 knots. There was accommodation for 46-1st and 16-2nd class passengers. Launched on 5th Apr.1911, she left Amsterdam on 22nd Jul.1911 on her maiden voyage to Paramaribo, Demarara, Trinidad and New York(arr.3rd Sep.) In 1919 she was refitted to accommodate 56-1st, 16-2nd and 21-3rd class passengers. Her last voyage commenced 22nd Nov.1938 when she sailed from Amsterdam for New York and Amsterdam and she was sold to Greek owners the following year and renamed "CORINTHIA". I don't have any info on what routes she was employed on after this date, but she was scrapped at Genoa in 1959. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, vol.3, p.1183] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 6 September 1998]

CORINTHIAN
The "Corinthian" of 1907 was the second ship of that name owned by the Allan Line of Liverpool. Built in 1900 by Workman, Clark & Co Ltd, Belfast, she was a 6,227 gross ton ship, length 430ft x beam 54.2ft, one funnel, two masts, single screw and a speed of 13 knots. There was accommodation for 50-1st, 150-2nd and 400-3rd class passengers. Launched on 19/3/1900 she left Liverpool on her maiden voyage to Quebec and Montreal on 24/5/1900. On 23/5/1903 she transferred to the Glasgow - Quebec and Montreal service and in 1908 she was rebuilt to 7,333 tons with accommodation for 280-2nd and 900-3rd class passengers. In April 1908 she commenced her last Glasgow - Quebec - Montreal voyage and on 9/5/1908 sailed on her first run from Montreal to Quebec and London. She left London for Quebec and Montreal on 10/9/1914 and on the return voyage was used as a Canadian Expeditionary Force troopship. She later continued on the London - Canada service and in 1917 went to Canadian Pacific when they took over Allan Line. On 21/11/1918 she commenced her first voyage after the armistice from London to St John NB but on 14th Dec. she was wrecked in the Bay of Funday with no loss of life. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.1,p.321] [Posted to the ShipsList by Ted Finch - 18 November 1997]

CORSICAN
The "Corsican" was built by Barclay, Curle & Co.Ltd, Glasgow in 1907 for the Allan Line of Liverpool. She was a 11,419 gross ton vessel, length 500.3ft x beam 61.2ft, one funnel, two masts, twin screw and a speed of 16 knots. There was acommodation for 208-1st, 298-2nd and 1,000-3rd class passengers. Launched on 29/4/1907, she sailed on her maiden voyage from Liverpool to St John NB on 31/10/1907. In 1908 she was chartered to Canadian Pacific and commenced sailing for them on the same service in Jan.1908. On 12/8/1912 she collided with an iceberg near Belle Isle and sustained slight damage and in Jan.1914 commenced her last Liverpool - St John NB voyage for Canadian Pacific. On 18/4/1914 she began sailings between Glasgow, Quebec and Montreal, commencing her last voyage on 11/7/1914 and in August of that year began trooping voyages between Southampton and Havre. In September 1914 she was transferred to trooping to Alexandria and Bombay and various trooping duties and in 1917 was returned to Canadian Pacific which by that time had taken over the Allan Line. Sailings commenced on 24/8/1918 from London to Quebec and Montreal and on 30/1/1919 she resumed the Liverpool - St John NB service and subsequently the Glasgow, London, Liverpool or Antwerp to Canada run. On 16/11/1922 she was renamed "Marvale" and her accommodation altered to Cabin and 3rd class only and on 26/4/1923 commenced her last voyage from Glasgow to Belfast, Quebec and Montreal but on 21/5/1923 she was wrecked near Cape Race with no loss of life. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor. vol.1,p.323] [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 18 November 1997]

COSMOPOLIT
The COSMOPLIT was a brig, a 2-masted, square-rigged sailing vessel, built by Weedermann, Flensburg, in 1853. Dimensions: 63 Commerzlasten; 91,6 x 21,7 x 12,6 Hamburger Fusse (length x beam x depth of hold). Bielbrief [certificate of registry], 5 March 1853, for Abraham Ewout van Dycke, of Hamburg, by whom she was sold to Kornbeck, Flensburg, in 1855. Master: 1853 - J. J. Lewens; 1853-1854 - C. N. C. Nancke; 1854-1855 - E. Becker. Voyages: 1853/54 - Rio Grande do Sul/Rio de Janeiro/Altona; 1854 - Rio de Janeiro/Santos; 1854/55 - Rio de Janeiro.Source: Walter Kresse, ed.,_Seeschiffs-Verzeichnis der Hamburger Reedereien, 1824-1888, Mitteilungen aus dem Museum fur Hamburgische Geschichte, N. F., Bd. 5. (Hamburg: Museum fur Hamburgische Geschichte, 1969), vol. 1, p. 117. - [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 4 March 1998]

COSMOPOLITE
According to the annual volumes of Lloyd's Register of Shipping for 1834/35-1843/44, the bark COSMOPOLITE, 373 tons, was built in New Brunswick in 1833. Master: 1834/35-1839/40 - P[eter] Smith; 1839/40-1841/42 - Trevethen; 1841/42-1843/44 - J. Webber. Owner: Pope Bros. Port of Registry: Plymouth. Port of Survey: 1834/35-1839/40 - Plymouth; 1839/40-1840/41 - Bristol; 1840/41-1843/44 - Plymouth. Destined Voyage: 1834/35-1836/37 - New York; 1836/37-1839/40 - North America; 1839/40-1840/41 - Quebec; 1840/41-1843/44 - North America. The COSMOPOLITE last appears in Lloyd's Register for 1843/44; I have no further information on its later history or ultimate fate. - [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 10 February 1998]

COSPATRICK
The ship COSPATRICK was built in Moulmein, Burma, in 1856, apparently for the shipowner Duncan Dunbar. Measurements (Lloyd's Register of Shipping for 1874/75): 1,200 tons; 190 x 34 x 23.5 feet (length x beam x depth of hold); owned by Shaw, Savill & Co., and registered at London. From Charles A. Hocking, Dictionary of Disasters at Sea during the Age of Steam, Including sailing ships and ships of war lost in action, 1824-1962 (London: Lloyd's Register of Shipping, c1969), vol. 1, pp. 164-165:
COSPATRICK - Shaw, Savill & Co.; 1856; Duncan Dunbar; 1,220 tons; 190 x 34 x 24. The emigrant ship COSPATRICK, Capt. Elmslie, a fine teak clipper, left London on September 11th. 1874, for Auckland, New Zealand. She was crowded with people, for those were the days of the regular emigrant service between English ports and those of New Zealand and Australia. There were on board 475 persons, of whom 42 were crew. The voyage was uneventful for the first two months. The COSPATRICK was equipped with a fixed fire engine in her forecastle, and several lengths of new canvas hose; fire being always in the minds of those who owned wooden emigrant ships. So far as can be ascertained every precaution was taken to ensure the safety of the ship against this danger. Locked lanterns were used below deck and smoking was strictly forbidden. A fire patrol was formed from among the male passengers, and before leaving Gravesend she passed the somewhat ineffectual tests then required by the authorities. On the night of November 17th there was a concert on board after which the passengers and crew turned in without thought of trouble. At about 1 a.m. the watch on deck raised the crv of 'Fire'. Dense clouds of smoke were rising from a shaft running from the forepeak to the forecastle-head, where a quantity of inflammable material was stored. In a short time the flames drove crew and passengers aft and gained a fatal hold on the ship. The fire engine failed to function as there was a heavy swell, and the roll of the ship constantly took the suction-pipe out of the water. The alternative of fighting the fire with buckets passed from hand to hand was futile from the outset as the bulwarks were very high and the task of filling the buckets slow and difficult. Another handicap was the impossibility of keeping the ship before the wind in order to blow the flames away from the after part. Capt. Elmslie in his anxiety to keep every available man at work fighting the flames neglected, until it was too late, to order away the boats. Ultimately the passengers were seized with terrible panic, boats caught fire and those available proved unseaworthy and devoid of hoisting tackle. Amid scenes of the utmost terror and confusion the COSPATRICK was burned out, being at the time in lat. 37o 15' S., Iong. 12o 25' E, about 300 miles S.W. of the Cape of Good Hope. Two small boats, packed with about 60 people between them, eventually got away. They had neither food, drink nor equipment, and were a stark revelation of the badly-found condition of the ship. The boats kept together for two days and were then separated by bad weather. One was never seen again and the other, after drifting for ten days, during which time all but five had died, was picked up by the sailing ship BRITISH SCEPTRE, Capt. Jahnke, Liverpool. Of the five rescued only three survived to tell a dreadful story of how they had subsisted for days on the bodies of those who had died. The saved were Mr. Henry Macdonald, the second officer, and two seamen. Those lost numbered 472, of whom 177 were men, 125 women, 58 boys, 53 girls and 16 infants under twelve months, these being emigrants. There were also four private passengers and 39 of the crew. The pages from Sir Henry Brett, White Wings, vol. 1: Fifty years of sail in the New Zealand trade, 1850-1900 (Auckland: Brett, 1924;Christchurch: Capper Press, 1976), are presumably Macdonald's account; there is also a modern account of the disaster in Walter Wood, Survivors Tales of Famous Shipwrecks (1932). Contemporary accounts of the burning of the COSPATRICK include extensive reports in the London Times, in particular (fromPalmer's Index): 29 Dec 1874, p. 7f; 30 Dec 1874, p. 9f; 31 Dec 1874, pp. 5e, 9f; 01 Jan 1875, pp. 9f, 10b and d; 02 Jan 1875, p. 5d; 04 Jan 1875, pp. 9f and 10b; 05 Jan 1875, p. 9f, 10d; 06 Jan 1875, p. 7a and c; 07 Jan 1875, p. 5d; 08 Jan 1875, p. 11e; 11 Jan 1875, p. 6d; 12 Jan 1875, p. 6d; 13 Jan 1875, p. 12b; 15 Jan 1875, p. 7b; 22 Jan 1875, p. 6e; 23 Jan 1875, p. 6f; 01 Feb 1875, p. 7d; 04 Feb 1875, p. 10f; 05 Feb 1875, p. 7e; 06 Feb 1875, p. 12a; 09 Feb 1875, p. 5c; 22 Feb 1875, p. 10d; 10 Mar 1875, p. 9f; 06 Apr 1875, p. 10d; 10 Apr 1875, p. 10f, The official report of the inquiry at Greenwich into the burning of the COSPATRICK was published in Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons, 1875 lxx.33-37. For additional information on the COSPATRICK, see David Savill, Sail to New Zealand; the story of Shaw, Savill and Co, 1858-1882 (London: RobertHale, 1986). There may be a pictore of the COSPATRICK in Richard P. de Kerbrech, The Shaw Savill line; images in mast, steam and motor (Coltishall: Ship Pictorial, 1992). Both of these works are available in the library of the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London SE10 9NF,whose Manuscript Section also holds the surviving corporate records of Shaw, Savill & Albion (most of which, however, were unfortunately destroyed during World War II). - [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michale Palmer - 29 January 1998]

COSTA RICA VICTORY
Built by Permanente Metals Corporation, Richmond, Calif. in 1944, she was a standard wartime type 'Victory' ship. - 9,140 gross tons, length 455.3ft x beam 62.1ft, one funnel, two masts, single screw and a speed of 15 knots. There was capacity for 828 one-class passengers. Launched on 17/6/1944 as the "Costa Rica Victory" she was used as a US Army transport and in 1952 was sold to the Netherlands Government for use as an emigrant ship. Managed by the Holland America Line, she was renamed "Groote Beer" (Great Bear) and on 18/6/1952 she commenced her first Rotterdam - Halifax - New York voyage. In August 1952 she made her first Rotterdam - Quebec sailing and in August 1965 made the last of 105 round voyages when she sailed from Rotterdam for New York. Sold to Greek owners in 1965, she made four educational cruises between June and August 1966. In 1969 she was renamed "Marianna IV" and in 1971 was scrapped at Eleusis, Greece. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, vol.4, p.1688] There is a photo of this ship as the "Groote Beer" on p.1686 of North Atlantic Seaway, vol.4. - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 10 June 1998]

COVADONGA
See ASTORIA.

COVINGTON
See CINCINNATI

CREFELD (1)
I have details of a "Crefeld", belonging to North German Lloyd, but no confirmation that it sailed to Buenos Aires. I know that NGL had a previous ship with this name on the S.America service up until 1914 but she was handed to Spain after the Great War and renamed. - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 16 March 1998]

CREFELD (2)
The second "Crefeld" was built by Flensburger Schiffbau, Flensburg in 1921 for North German Lloyd. She was a 9,573 gross ton ship, length 474.2ft x beam 60.9ft, one funnel, four masts, single screw and a speed of 13 knots. There was accommodation for 100-cabin and 800-3rd class passengers. Launched on 23/12/1921, I have no details of her service until June 1928 when she commenced sailings between Bremen and Montreal. She started her ninth and last round voyage on this route on 24/5/1930 and commenced the first of two Bremen - Halifax - Galveston crossings in June 1930. In 1934 she was rebuilt as a 8,045 ton cargo steamer and on 4/4/1941 was scuttled at Massaua, Eritrea. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.2,p.573]- [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 16 March 1998]

The steamship CREFELD (II) was built by the Flensburger Schiffbaugesellschaft (ship #360) for Norddeutscher Lloyd, and launched on 23 December 1921. 9,573 tons; 150,87 x 18,51 meters (length x breadth); 1 funnel, 4 masts; screw propulsion (triple-expansion engines), service speed 12.5 knots; passenger accommodation: 350 in middle class, 364 in 3rd class (cabins), 370 in dormitory deck; crew of 164 (192 in 1926). Built on prewar freighter-designed hulls, and intended for the North American emigrant service, but diverted to the South America service when the United States introduced immigration quotas. June 1922, maiden voyage, Bremen-South America. June 1928-24 May 1930, reopened Bremen-Montreal service (9 roundtrip voyages); 35 passengers in 1st class, 212 in 3rd class. June 1930, first of two roundtrip voyages, Bremen-Halifax-Galveston. 1934, rebuilt as a freighter by Seebeck Werft; 8,045 tons, crew of 57. 26 August 1939, at Massawa, Eritrea. 4 April 1941, scuttled, but failed to block the harbor. 4 June 1943, raised to clear the harbor [Edwin Drechsel, Norddeutscher Lloyd Bremen, 1857-1970; History, Fleet, Ship Mails (2 vols.; Vancouver: Cordillera Pub. Co., c1994-c1995), vol. 2, p. 24; Noel Reginald Pixell Bonsor, North Atlantic Seaway; An Illustrated History of the Passenger Services Linking the Old World with the New (2nd ed.; Jersey, Channel Islands: Brookside Publications), vol. 2 (1978), p. 573]. - [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 18 March 1998]

CRETE AVON
See LIVARDEN.

CRETIC
See MAYFLOWER (2).

CUBA
S.S.Cuba U.S. Flag Offical Number 221220 Owners : Peninsular and Occidental Steamship Co. Started on sailing routes June,1921 Key West to Havana Built by : William Cramp and Sons - Philda. Pa. Dec. 11,l920 Steel twin screw . Oil burner Steamship L.O.A. 341 feet Beam 47.2 feet Depth 18.0 feet Gross Tons 2472 Net Tons 1100 Speed 17 knots Passenger capacity 427 persons Sometimes the vessel sailed the Tampa-Key West- Havana Route On Feb. 1942 vessel taken over by the U.S. War Department. And fitted out as a troopship. Passenger capacity increased to 596 persons. Operated in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, Caribbeaan sea. Mostly out of the port of New Orleans, La. Speed decreaase to 15. 0 knots At the end of the second world war. Vessel was 24 years old. And the P.& O Steamship Co. decided not to operate her any more. And in 1947 the vessel was sold to the I. Messina & Co. in Genova, Italy.This company operated the vessel in the Mediterranean Sea as the S.S. PACE. And sometimes she made voyages to East African Ports. In 1963 she was named S.S. SASSARI and then scrapped.- [Posted to The ShipsList by Captain C.J. Carroll - 31 March 1998]

CUZCO
The "Cuzco" was built by John Elder & Co, Glasgow in 1871 for the South American service of the Pacific Steam Navigation Co. She was a 3,898 gross ton ship, length 117,09m x beam 12,62m (384.2ft x 41.4ft), clipper stem, one funnel, three masts, iron construction, single screw, with a service speed of 12 knots. There was passenger accommodation for 72-1st, 92-2nd and 265-3rd class. Launched on 18.10.1871, she sailed from Liverpool on her maiden voyage to Rio de Janeiro, Montevideo and Valparaiso on 13.1.1872. In 1877 she was chartered by Anderson, Anderson & Co and sailed from London for Melbourne and Sydney on 25th September 1877. She was bought in 1878 by the Orient Steam Navigation Co and was re-engined in 1888 to give her a service speed of 15 knots. She commenced her last London - Sydney voyage on 23.5.1902 and was scrapped at Genoa in 1905.[North Star to Southern Cross by John M.Maber] [South Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 24 February 1998]

CYDONIA
The "Cydonia" was owned by the Stag Line and was built by Blumer's of Sunderland in 1926. Her gross tonnage was 3,517 and her speed 10 knots. She was employed in tramping trades and was mined and severely damaged in Feb.1944. In 1949 she was again damaged by a wartime mine and was towed to Milford Haven. I have no details of her after this. - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 24 April 1998]

CYPRIAN PRINCE
CYPRIAN PRINCE - 1,888 tons. 83.66 x 10,97 meters (274.5 x 36.0 feet). Iron construction, single-screw, two-cylinder compound engine, 12 knots. Built by Short Bros., Sunderland (engines by G. Clark Ltd., Sunderland). December 1878, launched as the CYPRUS for Taylor and Sanderson, Sunderland. 1896 First voyage under charter for the Puritan Line, Antwerep-Boston. 1898 CYPRIAN PRINCE (Prince Line). 31 July 1908, wrecked near Farilhoes, Portugal. [N.R.P. Bonsor, North Atlantic Seaway, p. 1187] [Posted to both Ships Lists by Louis Alfano - 9 October 1997]

CYPRUS
See CYPRIAN PRINCE.

CYRENIA
The "Cyrenia" was built by Fairfield of Glasgow in 1911 as the "Maunganui" for the Union Steamship Co of New Zealand. She was a 7,527 gross ton ship with a speed of 14 knots. She was built for the Inter colonial service but from 1922-36 was used mainly on the San Francisco service, but carried out two relief sailings to Vancouver in 1927. In 1947 she was sold to the Cia. Nav.del Atlantico (Panama) and renamed "Cyrenia". Later the same year she was transferred to the Hellenic Mediterranean Lines Ltd and reconditioned for the emigrant service between Genoa, Malta, Piraeus and Melbourne. Laid up for some months in 1952 she subsequently re-entered service on the Piraeus - Melbourne route and was eventually sold in Feb.1957 and broken up at Savona. [North Star to Southern Cross by John M.Maber] [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 28 November 1997]

CYRILL
See ALGERIA.

CZAR
See ESTONIA (2).

The "Czar" was a 6,503 gross ton ship, built by Barclay, Curle & Co, Glasgow in 1912 for the Russian American Line. Her details were - length 425ft x beam 53.2ft, two funnels, two masts, twin screw and a speed of 15 knots. There was accommodation for 30-1st, 260-2nd and 1,086-3rd & 4th class passengers. Launched on 23rd March 1912, she sailed from Libau on her maiden voyage to Copenhagen and New York on 30th May 1912. Her last voyage on this service started on 17th Jul.1914 and on 13th Sep.1914 she commenced Archangel - New York sailings. After the Russian revolution, she was transferred to British registry and placed under the management of the Cunard SS Co. and in 1921 was returned to the East Asiatic Co of Copenhagen (owners of the Russian American Line). They renamed her "Estonia" and placed her on the transatlantic service under the description of Baltic American Line. On 11th Jan.1921 she sailed from Glasgow for New York, Danzig and Libau, and on 23rd Feb.1921 commenced Libau - Danzig - Boston - New York sailings. In Feb.1925 she was refitted to accommodate 290-cabin and 500-3rd class passengers and in Mar.1926 was again altered to 110-cabin, 180-tourist and 500-3rd class. Her last Danzig - Copenhagen - Halifax - New York voyage started on 31st Jan.1930 and she was then sold to the Polish owned Gdynia-America Line. On 13th Mar.1930 she started a single round voyage between Danzig, Copenhagen, Halifax and New York and was then renamed "Pulaski". She started sailing between Danzig, Halifax and New York under this name on 25th Apr.1930 and commenced her last N.Atlantic voyage - Gdynia - Copenhagen - Halifax - New York on 18th Aug.1935. Transferred to the Gdynia - Buenos Aires service on 28th Feb.1936 and started her last voyage on this route on 21st Apr.1939. On 24th Aug.1939, just before the outbreak of WWII, she sailed from Gdynia for Falmouth and was used as a troopship during WWII, was renamed "Empire Penryn" under British registry in 1946 and was scrapped at Blyth in 1949. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, vol.3, p.1356; vol.4, p.1511-12] [South Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, p.465] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 14 September 1998]

CZARITZA
See LITUANIA.