Ch

you will be expected to be able to do the following on your upcoming ch. 2 test

Impératif - French Imperative

There are only three forms of the impératif: tu, nous, and vous. The impératif of regular and irregular -IR and -RE verbs is the same as the indicative (i.e., regular present tense). For -ER verbs as well as verbs like ouvrir and souffir which are conjugated like -er verbs (that is, in the indicative the tu form ends in -es), the nous and vous forms of the impératif are the same as the indicative, but the tu form drops the final s.

When a tu command is followed by the pronouns y or en, the final s is not dropped:

To make a negative command, place ne in front of the verb and the appropriate negative pronoun after the verb:

1. manger
2. être
3. comprendre
4. voir
5. punir
6. fermer
7. faire
8. aller
9. prétendre
10. ouvrir
11. jouer
12. lire
13. sortir
14. avoir
15. marcher
16. mettre
17. partir
18. savoir
19. quitter
20. boire

1. manger - mange, mangeons, mangez
2. être - sois, soyons, soyez
3. comprendre - comprends, comprenons, comprenez
4. voir - vois, voyons, voyez
5. punir - punis, punissons, punissez
6. fermer - ferme, fermons, fermez
7. faire - fais, faisons, faites
8. aller - va, allons, allez
9. prétendre - prétends, prétendons, prétendez
10. ouvrir - ouvre, ouvrons, ouvrez
11. jouer - joue, jouons, jouez
12. lire - lis, lisons, lisez
13. sortir - sors, sortons, sortez
14. avoir - aie, ayons, ayez
15. marcher - marche, marchons, marchez
16. mettre - mets, mettons, mettez
17. partir - pars, partons, partez
18. savoir - sache, sachons, sachez
19. quitter - quitte, quittons, quittez
20. boire - bois, buvons, buvez

Explaining Reflexive pronouns

Reflexive pronouns are used only with pronominal verbs. They always agree with the subject of the sentence. Like object pronouns, the reflexive pronoun is placed directly in front of the verb in all tenses except the imperative.

The reflexive pronouns are

je	me / m'
tu	te / t'
il elle on	se / s'
nous	nous
vous	vous
ils elles	se / s'

Me, te, and se change to m', t', and s' in front of a vowel or mute h.

Examples:

Nous nous parlons.	We're talking to each other.
Ils ne s'habillent pas.	They aren't getting dressed.

Many people mix up the third person singular reflexive pronoun se with the direct object le. Remember that se can only be used with pronominal verbs or in a passive construction.

Reflexive pronoun:	Il se rase.	He's shaving (himself).
Direct object:	Il le rase.	He's shaving it (eg, cat).

There are three kinds of pronominal verbs:

Explaining pronominal verbs

Pronominal verbs (including reflexive verbs) must be conjugated with a reflexive pronoun in addition to the subject pronoun or subject. The reflexive pronoun always agrees with the subject. Like object pronouns, the reflexive pronoun is placed directly in front of the verb in all tenses except the imperative.

Je m'habille.	I'm getting dressed
Tu ne te reposes pas.	You're not resting
Il se lèvait à 8h00.	He was getting up at 8:00
Nous nous amuserons demain.	We'll have fun tomorrow

In the passé composé, all pronominal verbs are être verbs, which means that the past participle must agree with the subject*.

Elle s'est couchée à minuit.	She went to bed at midnight.
Ils se sont arrêtés à la banque.	They stopped at the bank.

* The exception to this rule is when the pronoun is the indirect object, as in the following verbs:

s'acheter	to buy (for) oneself	se plaire	to enjoy
se demander	to wonder	se promettre	to promise
se dire	to say	se rendre compte	to realize
se donner	to give	se ressembler	to resemble
s'écrire	to write	se sourire	to smile
s'offrir	to offer	se téléphoner	to call
se parler	to talk

If there are two objects, the pronominal object is always the indirect subject.

Je me suis acheté une voiture.	I bought a car for myself.
Elle s'est dit la verité.	She told herself the truth.

Questions with pronominal verbs usually use est-ce que rather than inversion. If you do use inversion, the reflexive pronoun precedes the inverted subject-verb:

Est-ce que tu te laves les mains ?	Are you washing your hands?
Te laves-tu les mains ?	" "

There are three kinds of pronominal verbs:

Reflexive verbs Reciprocal verbs Idiomatic pronominal verbs

Explaining reflexive verbs

Reflexive verbs (the subject performs action on himself)
s'approcher de	to approach
s'asseoir	to sit down
se baigner	to bathe, swim
se brosser (les cheveux, les dents)	to brush (one's hair, one's teeth)
se casser (la jambe)	to break (one's leg)
se coiffer	to fix one's hair
se coucher	to go to bed
se couper	to cut oneself
se déshabiller	to get undressed
se doucher	to take a shower
se fâcher	to get angry
s'habiller	to get dressed
se laver (les mains, la figure)	to wash (one's hands, one's face)
se lever	to get up
se maquiller	to put on makeup
se marier (avec)	to get married (to)
se moucher	to blow one's nose
se peigner	to comb one's hair
se raser	to shave
se regarder	to look at oneself
se reposer	to rest
se réveiller	to wake up
se souvenir de	to remember

Note that many of these have a non-reflexive use as well.

Je me lave les mains	I'm washing my hands
vs
Je lave la voiture	I'm washing the car.

Note: When referring to a part of the body, the French possessive pronouns can never be used. The reflexive pronoun indicates possession and the definite article is used in front of the part of the body.

Explaining Reciprocal verbs

Reciprocal verbs (2 or more subjects act on each other)
s'adorer	to adore
s'aimer	to love
se comprendre	to understand
se connaître	to know
se détester	to hate
se dire	to tell
se disputer	to argue
s'écrire	to write to
s'embrasser	to kiss
se parler	to talk to
se promettre	to promise
se quitter	to leave
se regarder	to look at
se rencontrer	to meet
se sourire	to smile at
se téléphoner	to call
se voir	to see

Note that these are simply regular verbs that can be used in a reflexive sense.

Je comprends - I understand.
Nous nous comprenons - We understand each other.

Explaining idiomatic pronominal verbs

Idiomatic pronominal verbs (different meaning when used with a pronoun)

normal meaning of verb

s'en aller

to go away

to go

s'amuser

to have a good time

to amuse

s'appeler

to be named

to call

s'arrêter

to stop (oneself)

to stop (s.o. or s.t. else)

se demander

to wonder

to ask

se débrouiller

to manage, get by

to disentangle

se dépêcher

to hurry

to send quickly

se diriger vers

to head toward

to run, be in charge of

s'éloigner

to move (oneself) away

to move s.t. else away

s'endormir

to fall asleep

to put to sleep

s'ennuyer

to be bored

to bother

s'entendre

to get along

to hear

se fâcher

to get angry

to make angry

s'habituer à

to get used to

to get in the habit of

s'inquiéter

to worry

to alarm

s'installer

to settle in (eg, to a home)

to install

se mettre à

to begin to

to place, put

se perdre

to get lost

to lose

se promener

to take a walk

to (take for a) walk

se rendre compte de

to realize

to account for

se réunir

to meet, get together

to gather, collect

se tromper

to be mistaken

to deceive

Explaining object pronouns

Object pronouns are those tricky little words in sentences that replace nouns. There are two types: direct objects (pronoms compléments d'objet direct) and indirect objects (p.c. d'objet indirect). There are two personal pronouns that are also important to learn here: y and en. Y replaces à + noun: Je vais au marché - J'y vais. En replaces de + noun: J'ai besoin d'amour - J'en ai besoin.

Learning how to use these pronouns in French is fairly straightforward, but their placement can be more difficult. In general, all of these pronouns go in front of the verb except when the verb is in the affirmative imperative. When a sentence has two pronouns, there is a fixed order for their placement:

me	le
te	la	lui
nous	les	leur	y	en
vous

Examples:

Je montre la carte à mon père - Je la lui montre.
Je mets la carte à la table - Je l'y mets.
Don't give me the books - Ne me les donnez pas.
He gave them some - Il leur en a donné.
They sent it to us - Ils nous l'ont envoyé.

In affirmative commands, the order of the pronouns is a bit different. Also, me and te become moi and toi except when they precede y and en:

le	moi / m'	nous
la	toi / t'	vous	y	en
les	lui	leur

Examples:

Give it to me - Donnez-le-moi.
Sell us some - Vendez-nous-en.
Find it for me - Trouvez-le-moi.
Talk to us there - Parlez-nous-y.
Send it to him - Envoyez-le-lui.

In summary, in all sentences except affirmative commands, the pronouns are placed in a fixed order in front of the conjugated verb. In affirmative commands, the pronouns are placed after the verb, attached by hyphens, and are in a slightly different order.

Vocabulary & Expressions

You are responsible for most all vocab and expressions...the ch.2 test requires alot of reading comprehension and question/response scenarios. Make sure to not simply study "Vocabulaire" on p.51--much is scattered throughout the chapter --suggest making index cards.

Giving directions - - some vocab

Pardon, Monsieur/Madame/Mademoiselle. Savez-vous où se trouve . . .?	Excuse me, Sir/Ma'am/Miss. Do you know where . . . is located?
à côté de	next to
au coin de	at the corner of
eontinuer tout droit/jusqu'à	continue straight ahead/to
en face de	across from
loin de	far from
monter la rue	go up the street
monter le boulevard	go up the boulevard
monter l'avenue	go up the avenue
prendre la rue	take the street
prendre le boulevard	take the boulevard
prendre l'avenue	take the avenue
près de	near to
tourner à gauche	turn left
tourner à droite	turn right
tourner au coin	turn at the corner
traverser le pont	cross the bridge
traverser la place/le square	cross the square

Culture spotlight - - Belgium

complete dialogues with given choices i.e. (10 pts)Question: Super ou super sans plomb? Possible Answers:a)Ça me branche! b)Vous pourriez faire le plein? etc.	analyze a letter concerning Jean-Luc's trip to the Comic Book Center in Brussels--decide whether specified statements (abcd"multiple choice) are true or false. (10 pts)
give directions to a specified location using a map. (10 pts)	decide whether specified statements (abcd"multiple choice") about Belgium are true or false. (10 pts)
to ask a gas station attendant to do 4 things to your car (change tire etc.). (15 pts)	write at least 4 sentences telling a friend how to get from one place to another. (15 pts)
compose at least 5 sentences either rejecting or accepting another's invitations (must do both). (15 pts)

Fermez la porte	Close the door
Mangeons maintenant	Let's eat now

Ayez la bonté de m'attendre	Please wait for me
Veuillez m'excuser	Please excuse me

	-ER verbs	-IR verbs	-RE verbs
	parler	finir	attendre
(tu)	parle	finis	attends
(nous)	parlons	finissons	attendons
(vous)	parlez	finissez	attendez

	avoir	être	savoir	vouloir
(tu)	aie	sois	sache	veuille
(nous)	ayons	soyons	sachons	veuillons
(vous)	ayez	soyez	sachez	veuillez

Mettre toujours la ceinture de sécurité	Always wear (your) seatbelt.
Ajouter les oignons à la sauce.	Add the onions to the sauce.