jkpoPo Njrpa tpLjiy ,af;fj;jpid njhlh;e;J cq;fs; Njhs;fspy; kl;Lk; Rke;J tUtjw;fhf Njrgf;jd; jdJ tho;j;Jf;fisAk;> tzf;fj;ijAk; njhptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpwJ.

,yq;if Nkyhd ,e;jpa uhZt Mf;fpukpg;gpd; njhlf;f fhy fl;lj;jpy; cq;fSf;F gfpuq;f fbjk; xd;iw ntspapl;bUe;Njhk;. mjpy; |jtWfs; jpUj;jg;gl;L gazq;fs; njhlu Ntz;Lk;| vd;W Nfl;bUe;Njhk;. ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;G ,uhZtj;ij mk;gyg;gLj;jp Nghuhb ntw;wp nfhz;Bh;fs;. mjpypUe;J xLf;fg;gl;l kf;fs;> tpLjiy rf;jpfs; jkJ ftdj;ij cq;fs; NkYk; jpUg;gpapUf;fpd;wdh;. Mdhy; mjw;F gpe;ija Mz;Lfspy; cq;fshy; <h;f;fg;gl;lth;fSf;F ePq;fs; je;j gbg;gpidfs; vjph;kiwj; jd;ik nfhz;lit.

jtWfisf;fisahky; gazj;ij njhlh;e;jPh;fs;. jkpoPo Njrpa ,d tpLjiy Aj;jj;jpw;F vjpuhd Vfhjpgj;jpa - gpuhe;jpa tphpthjpf;f - rpwPyq;fh Nghpdthj $l;il gpujhd gif Kuz;ghlhf nfhs;shky; (jkpoPo kf;fs; kj;jpapy;) ,yq;if kf;fSf;F ,ilapy; ,Ue;j Kuz;ghLfis Kjd;ikahdjhfTk;> gif Kuz;ghLfshfTk; ePq;fs; khw;wpajhy; ,d;W jkpoPo> rpwPyq;fh kf;fsplk; ,Ue;J me;epag;gl;L NghAs;sPh;fs;. gpujhd gif Kuz;ghl;by; ePq;fs; vLj;j re;jh;g;gthj rhh;Gepiy cq;fs; Nky; cyf kf;fis re;Njfg;gl itj;Js;sJ.

jkpoPo tuyhw;wpy; kpfg; nghpa gpd;dilit jkpoPo Njrpa tpLjiy ,af;fKk;> GypfSk; ,g;nghOJ vjph; nfhs;s Ntz;bapUf;fpwJ. jkpoPo kf;fspd; gphpe;J NghtJld;$ba Raeph;za chpikg; Nghuhl;lk; murpay;-uhZt hPjpapy; gpd;js;sg;gl;Lk;> gytPdg;gl;Lk; ,Uf;fpwJ.

jkpoPo Njrpa tpLjiy Nghuhl;lj;jpd; Nkyhd cq;fspd; Fwe;Njrpa ghh;itAk;> rduQ;rfkhd cldb ntw;wpapy; ehl;lKk;> Vfhjpgj;jpaq;fSf;F gpd;dhy; cq;fis xl J}z;Lfpw Neuj;jpy;> Vfhjpgj;jpaj;jpw;Fk; gpuhe;jpa tphpthjpf;fj;jpw;Fk; vjpuhd kf;fs; Nghuhl;lq;fSld; ePq;fs; ma;f;fpag;gLtijAk; jLj;J tUfpwJ; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; eLepiy rf;jpfis vjphp mzpf;F tpul;b tpl;lJld;> Njrgf;jh;fisAk;> Gul;rpahsh;fisAk;$l JNuhfpfs; vd;W milahsg;gLj;jp mopf;fTk; itj;jJ.

cq;fspd; ,j;jifa jil mopj;njhopg;GfSf;fhf Njr gf;j Kd;dzpapdh; fofk; tz;ikahd fz;ldj;ij njhptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpwJ. murpay; Kuz;ghLfSk;> khw;Wf; fUj;JfSk; tpkh;rdq;fs; %yNk jPh;j;Jf; nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;. khwhf Maj Kidapy; my;y. ,dp tUk; fhyq;fspy; MtJ ,j;jifa mopj;njhopg;Gfis epWj;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;W Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpNwhk;.

rpq;fs-ngsj;j Nghpdthjj;jpw;F vjpuhd cq;fspd; jkpo; Few;Njrpa ntwp rpq;fs> K];ypk; kf;fis Nghpdthjpfspd; gpd;dhy; mzptFf;fr; nra;jJ. jkpoPog; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; Nky; rpq;fs kf;fSf;F ,Ue;j ma;ag;ghLk; mr;r czh;Tk; Nghf;fg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. jkpoPo Nghuhl;lj;jpw;fhd jkpo; kf;fspd; epahakhd czh;Tfis mth;fsplk; vLj;J nrd;wpUe;jhy;> Nghuhl;lj;jpd; tYthd MjuT rf;jpahf rpq;fs ciof;Fk; kf;fs; ghpzkpj;jpUg;ghh;fs;. Mdhy; mt;thW nra;ag;gltpy;iy. khwhf mth;fs; Nky; epfo;j;jpa cs;Nehf;fk; nfhz;l ,dg; gLnfhiyfs; %yk; mth;fis vjphp Kfhkpw;F nry;y itj;jPh;fs;.

Mdhy; murpd; jpl;lkpl;l rpq;fs FbNaw;w gFjpfspd; Nky; ePq;fs; Nkw;nfhz;l uhZt eltbf;iffis ,dthj gLnfhiyfshf ehk; fUjtpy;iy. vjphp jdJ murpay;-uhZt Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf ve;j gFjp kf;fs; kj;jpapYs;s gpw;Nghf;F $l;lj;ij fUtpahf gad;gLj;JthNdahdhy; mg;gpw;Nghf;Ff; $l;lk; Nky; murpay; uhZt eltbf;if vLf;f Ntz;ba jtph;f;f Kbahj epiy NghuhspfSf;F Vw;gLk;. mNjNtisapy; K];ypk; kf;fs; Nkyhd cq;fs; uhZt eltbf;ifia ehk; mt;thW fUjtpy;iy.

jkf;nfd;W tiuaWj;j g+Nfhsg; gug;ig nfhz;buhj K];ypk; kf;fs; jdpj;Jtkhd gz;ghl;L milahsq;fNshL jk;ik ma;f;fpag;gLj;jp ,yq;ifapy; gue;J tho;fpwhh;fs;. jkpoPo gFjpapy; thof;$ba K];ypk; kf;fspd; chpikg; Nghuhl;lq;fs; jkpo; kf;fspd; Nghuhl;lj;NjhL gpize;J epw;gJ; Jiz mq;fkhf ,Uf;ff;$baJ. Nghpdthj muNr ,U kf;fSf;Fkhd nghJ vjphp. Mdhy; K];ypk; kf;fis vjphpahf fUjp mth;fis tlf;fpy; ,Ue;J ngah;j;J mfjpfshf;fpdPh;fs;. rpy vy;iyg; gFjpfspy; gLnfhiyAk; nra;jPh;fs;. ,e;j eltbf;iffis jkpo; tzpf KjuhspfSk;> ,e;J-irt kj gPlq;fSk; csg;g+h;tkhf Mjhpj;jdh;. ,e;j kf;fis |fhl;bf; nfhLg;gth;fs;`vd;W ePq;fs; milahsg; gLj;jpaJk;$l jkpo; Nky;jl;L gphptpduhy; fhyk; fhykha; nrhy;yg;gl;L tUtNj. ,J fho;g;Gzh;tpy; nrhy;yg;gl;lNj jtpu Ntwy;y. Vnddpy; ,d;W K];ypk;fs; mwNt ,y;yhj ahopy;jhd; ePq;fs; Njhw;Wg; NghapUf;fpwPh;fs;. ,Jtiuapy; mk;kf;fs; Flh gFjpf;F jpUk;gptu mDkjpf;ftpy;iy. ,e;Jkjg; gz;ghl;L tifg;gl;l FWe;Njrpa ghh;itapy; ,Ue;Nj K];ypk; kf;fs; Nkyhd cq;fspd; mlf;F KiwAk; mopj;njhopg;Gk; Njhw;wk; ngw;wpUf;fpwJ.

cq;fs; ,af;fj;jpd; ,j;jifa mbg;gilj; jtWfs; xt;nths;iwAk; vjphp jdf;F rhjfkhfg; gad;gLj;jpdhd;> gpur;rhug; gLj;jpdhd;. Gypfis gaq;futhj ,af;fk; vd;W mtdhy; $wKbe;jJ. K];ypk; kf;fis jkpoPo Nghuhl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J ePq;fs; me;epag;gLj;jpa Neuj;jpy;> cq;fSf;F vjpuhd murpay; Majkhf mth;fis khw;Wtjpy; vjphp ntw;wp fz;lhd;. xU gFjpapdiu Majghzp Mf;fpdhd;.

,j;jifa fhuzpfshy; rpwPyq;fh ,dthj murpd; murpay;> uhZt jsq;fs; tphptile;J Gjpa ghpkhzq;fis njhl;lJ. 1994f;F gpd; murpay; Jiwapy; vjphpNa Kd;dpiy tfpj;jhd;. ,Wjpapy; cq;fs; ,af;fj;jpd; uhZt Nkyhz;ik cilf;fg;gl;L me;j ,lj;jpy; muR gilfspd; mjpfhuk; epWtg;gl;L tUfpwJ.

,q;F ftdj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;baJ vd;dntdpy; rpwPyq;fh Nghpdthj muR jkpoPo kf;fspd; mlf;Fkiwahsd; kl;Lky;Y> rpq;fs> kiyaf> K];ypk; ciof;Fk; kf;fspd; mlf;FkiwahsDk;$l. Vfhjpgj;jpa> MSk; th;f;f> mjpfhu th;f;f> ,dthj eyd; rhh;e;j rpwPyq;fh muR,yq;if kf;fspd; murhfTk; jd;id epiy epWj;jpf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. jd;id xU ngsjpf rf;jpahfNt jplg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. xU ngsjpf rf;jpia tPo;j;j ,d;ndhU ngsjpf rf;jpahy; kl;LNk KbAk;. jkpoPo NjrKk; mjd; kf;fSk; jd;dstpy; xU ngsjpf rf;jp. Mdhy; Gwepiyapy; mJ ,uq;if vd;fpd;w Koikahd ngsjpf rf;jpapd; xU gpujhd $W kl;LNk.

jkpoPo Njrpa ,d tpLjiy Aj;jk; mjd; ,yf;if miltjw;F> xU ruj;jpy; fpukg;gb njhLf;fg;gl;l kzpfisg; Nghd;W midj;J ,d kf;fSk; Nghpdthj murpd; mlf;FKiwf;F vjpuhf Xh; mzpapy; epiyg;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. jkpoPo Nghuhl;lj;jpd; tsh;r;rpf;Fk;> vjphpapd; tPo;r;rpf;Fk; ,J mtrpakhd Kjd;idg; gzpahFk;. ,jw;F Kuzhf jkpoPo kf;spd; Nghuhl;lj;ij mjd; Kw;Nghf;F jd;ik tha;e;j cs;slf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J gphpj;J>vy;yhtpjkhd ntWf;fj;jf;f Mjpf;f gz;Gfspd; tbtkhf Gypfis gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jp epw;fpwPh;fs; vd;gNj cz;ik. ,g;Nghf;fpw;F fhuzkhd j. <. tp. Gypfs; ,af;fj;jpd; rpj;jhe;j mbj;jsk;jhd; ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa ,dq;fSf;F ,ulapyhd vjpuhd mzp Nrh;f;ifiaAk; gpsTgLj;jpAs;sJ.

kf;fs; Nghjpa jpahfk; nra;ahjJk;> Nghuhspfs; kw;Wk; Maj gw;whf;FiwAk; ahopd; tPo;r;rpf;fhd fhuzq;fshf mwptpj;jPh;fs;.

jkpoPo kf;fspd; mjpYk; Fwpg;ghf ciof;Fk; mbj;jl;L kf;fspd; jpahfq;fSk;> mh;g;gzpg;GfSNk jkpoPoj;jpd; tuyhwhfTk; Gypfspd; tPu tuyhfTk; ,Uf;fpwJ. me;j kf;fspd; fh;g;gj;jpy; Njhd;wpath;fNs ,d;W khtPuh; fy;yiwfspy; Japy;fpd;wdh;. ,Ue;Jk; ePq;fs; mbj;jl;L kf;fspd; tpLjiyia> eyd;fis Kd;dpWj;jhJ Nky; jl;L kf;fspd; eyd;rhh;e;J epw;fpwPh;fs;. ve;j kf;fs; jkpoPoj;jpy; rhjpa-murpay;-nghUshjhu xLf;FKiwf;F cl;gl;lth;fsha; ,Uf;fpwhh;fNsh mk;kf;fs; jkpoPo Nghuhl;lj;jpy; ];jhgdkakhtij> Majghzpahtij epuhfhpj;J te;jPh;fs;> vjph;f;fpwPh;fs;. cs;@h; gpur;ridfspd;NghJ Nky;jl;L kf;fspd; gpujpepjpahf cq;fis milahsg;gLj;jpdPh;fs;. ,j;Jld; epd;WtplhJ mt;mbj;jl;L kf;fis ahopd; Njhy;tpf;fhd fhuzkhf Fw;wg;gLj;jpAs;sPh;fs;. kd;dpf;Fk; kdg;ghd;ik nfhz;l mk;kf;fNs Nghuhl;lj;jpd;> j. <. tp. G. ,af;fj;jpd; gpd;dilTf; fhyq;fspYk; Jiz epw;gth;fs;. ciof;Fk; kf;fs; eyid Kd;dpWj;JtNj jkpoPog; Nghuhl;lj;jpw;fhd Kd; epge;jid MFk;.

j. <. tp. G. fspd; jdp ,af;f rh;thjpfhuk; gpw ,af;fq;fSldhd murpay; Kuz;ghl;il MAj Nkhjy;fshf khw;wpaJ. Mapuf;fzf;fhd gpw ,af;f Nghuhspfs; mopf;fg;gl;ldh;; jtph;f;f Kbahky; vjphpaplk; mg;ghtpfs; ruzile;jdh;. Nghuhl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J me;epag;gLj;jg;gl;ldh;. vjphp Nkyhd rduQ;rfkhd jhf;Fjy;fSk;> Gypfs; ,af;fj;Jf;Fs;shd MAj Nkhjy;fSk; Nghuhspfspd; ,Ug;ig fzprkhdsT Fiwj;jJ. ,jw;fhd gpujhd nghWg;G Gypfs; ,af;f jiyikiaNa rhUk;. ,J Nghuhl;lj;jpw;F <L nra;a Kbahj ,og;Gfis Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ. Ner rf;jpfSldhd murpay; Kuz;ghl;il murpay; topapNyNa jPh;j;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

NghuhLk; kf;fs; Nghiu elj;Jtjpy; kuG topg;gl;l KiwfNshL kl;Lk; epd;W tpLtjpy;iy. kf;fs; jpus; vOr;rpfs;> Gul;rpfu Nghh;fs;> ehnlq;fpYk; nfhhpy;yhj; jhf;Fjy;fs; gyk; nghUe;jpa xU Nridia tY Fiwe;j xU Nrid Kwpabg;gjw;fhd xNunahU top MFk;. gue;Jgl;l Majghzpahd ntFrdq;fNs ,jd; Mjhuf;$W. ,jdbg;gilapy; jkpoPoj;jpd; kf;fs; Majghzp Mf;fg;gl;bUe;jhy;> xt;nthU fpuhkKk; xU Nfhl;ilahf khw;wg;gl;bUe;jhy;> nfhhpy;yh Aj;jKk; ];jhgdkakhd kf;fs; Nghuhl;l KiwAk; rhpahd jpirtopapy; ,izf;fg;gl;bUe;jhy; rpwPyq;fhtpd; $ypg;gil Nghh; eltbf;iffspd; njhlf;f epiyapNyNa Kwpabf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

NkYk; vjphp jw;fhg;G epiyapy; Kfhk;fSf;Fs; ,Ue;jNghJ mij KNyhgha hPjpahd vjphpapd; gpd;thq;Fjyhf fzpg;gpl;lJld; Flhit tpLtpf;fg;gl;l gpuNjrkhfTk; nfhz;Bh;fs;. Xh; murpd; epiyngw;w jd;ikf;F mbg;gilahd ngsjpf $Wfis nfhz;buhj xU jkpoPo muirAk; cUthf;fpdPh;fs;. Flh gFjpapy; uhZtk; Kfhk;fSf;Fs; Klq;fp ,Ue;jJ mtdpd; %Nyhgha hPjpapyhd jw;fhg;G fl;lkhfNt fUj Ntz;Lk;. Klq;fpapUe;jhNd jtpu Xa;e;J Nghftpy;iy. tYthdnjhU Aj;jj;ij Ghptjw;F jd;id murpay; uhZt hPjpapy; jahh; nra;J te;jhd;.

aho;> fpspnehr;rp uhZt eltbf;iffspd; ntw;wpf;F rpwPyq;fh murpd; gilgyk;> murpay; gyk; kl;Lk; fhuzkhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. j. <. tp. G. ,af;fj;jpd; FWe;Njrpa rpe;jid-nray;ghL> kf;fs; Aj;j Kiwia kWjypj;J epw;gJ Nghd;w mbg;gilj; jtWfs; vjphpapd; ntw;wpf;fhd fjTfis jpwe;J tpl;Ls;sJ.

1987-y; murpay; uhZt hPjpapyhd tuyhw;W Nkhrb kpf;f ,e;jpa-,yq;if xg;ge;jj;ij jdJ uhZtj;jpd; JizAld; jkpo; kf;fs; Nky; ,e;jpa tphpthjpf;f muR jpzpf;f Kw;gl;lJ. me;j re;jh;g;gj;jpy;$l jkpoPo kf;fspd; chpikiaAk;> tho;itAk; cWjp nra;af;$ba jkpoPoj;jpw;F khw;whd xU jPh;Tj; jpl;lj;ij ePq;fs; ntspg;gilahf itj;J vjphpia vjph;f;ftpy;iy. ty;yuRfSldhd ,yhg e\;l fzf;fpy; ,Ue;Nj ,e;jpa Mf;fpukpg;G uhZtj;ij vjph;j;jPh;fs;. JNuhfj;jdkhd ,e;jpa-,yq;if xg;ge;jj;ijAk; ePq;fs; epuhfhpf;f Kd;te;jJk; ,t; mbg;gilapy;jhd;. tphpthjpf;f murpd; uhZtj;ij vjph;j;J epd;wPh;fNs xopa ,e;jpa murpd; tpthjpf;fj;ij my;y.

mNjNghd;W 1995-y; re;jphpfh muRk; murpay; uhZt hPjpapyhd xU jPh;Tj;jpl;lj;ij Kd;itj;J> gpuhe;jpa tphpthjpf;f muRfs; kw;Wk; cyf ty;yuRfspd; JizAld; ,d mopj;njhopg;G Aj;jj;ij fl;ltpo;j;J tpl;Ls;sJ. mikjpapd; Nky; cs;s jPtpu tpUg;gj;jhy; jPh;Tj; jpl;lk; Kd;itf;fg;gltpy;iy. Aj;jk; elj;jg;gl Ntz;ba eph;g;ge;jk; rpwPyq;fh murpw;F njhlh;e;J ,Ue;J tUfpwJ. Aj;jk; ntWkNd uhZt cs;slf;fj;ij nfhz;ljhf ,Uf;fhky; mjw;F xU murpay; cs;slf;fj;ijAk; nfhLj;jjd; %yk; Aj;j ePbg;gpw;F xU fhuzj;ij fw;gpj;Jf; nfhs;s Kay;fpwJ. re;jphpfh murpd; Nky; cq;fSf;F ,Ue;j kaf;fKk;> re;jphpfhtpd; fha;efh;j;jiy ntWkNd uhZt fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; kjpg;gpl;lJk; vjphp tphpj;j tiyapy; j. <. tp. G. ,af;fk; rpf;fpf; nfhs;tjw;F VJthf ,Ue;J tpl;lJ. xU epahakhd jPh;Tj; jpl;lj;jpw;F ,dthjpfSk;> muRk; vd;WNk jahuha; ,y;iy. jkpoPo Njrpa ,d gpur;rpidia Kbtpw;F nfhz;Ltu uhZtj; jph;tpNyNa ek;gpf;if nfhz;Ls;shh;fs;.

1985-y; Kd; itf;fg;gl;l jpk;G Nfhhpf;if gue;j kl;lj;jpy; Mjuit ngw;w xd;W. jkpo; kf;fspd; rdehaf Nfhhpf;ifia mJ cs;slf;fj;jpy; nfhz;Ls;sJ. md;W cq;fshYk;> JNuhff; FOf;fshYk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;bUe;jJ. ,d;W jpk;Gf; Nfhhpf;ifiaf;$l iftpl;L epw;gJ jkpo; kf;fSf;F nra;Ak; JNuhfkhFk;. 1995-y; re;jphpfhtpd; jPh;Tj; jpl;lj;jpw;F khw;whf jpk;Gf; Nfhhpf;ifia ePq;fs; Kd;itj;jpUe;jhy; re;jphpfhtpd; rkhjhd Ntrj;ij ePq;fs; fiyj;J ,dthj Kfj;ij mk;gyg;gLj;jpapUf;f KbAk;. ,dthj muRld; $l;L Nrh;e;jpUf;Fk; JNuhf mikg;GfisAk; muRf;F vjpuhf epWj;jpapUf;f ,aYk;. gpd; js;sg;gl;bUf;Fk; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; gz;GhPjpapyhdd mLj;j fl;l tsh;r;rpf;F ,l;Lr; nry;y jpk;G Nfhhpf;ifia Kd;itg;gJ kpf mtrpakhdJ. ,jw;F ,d;Dk; fhyk; fle;Jtpltpy;iy. khwhf ,jw;fhd mtrpak; mjpfhpj;J tUfpwJ. jkpo; kf;fspd; jdpj;Jtj;ijAk;> milahsj;ijAk; mghaj;jpw;F cs;shf;ff;$ba re;jphpfh muR Kd;itj;j jPh;Tj; jpl;lk; vhpf;fg;gl Ntz;baJ.

|Gypfspd; jhfk; jkpoPo jhafk;| vd;w cq;fs; thrfk; gpurpj;jp ngw;wJ. jkpoPoNk jkpo; kf;fspd; Nfhhpf;if. jkpoPo Njrgf;j Kd;dzpapdh; fofKk; ,ijNa Kd;itf;fpwJ. Mdhy; vkJ Nfs;tp tphpthjpf;f ehLfis- cyf ty;yuRfis vjph;j;J epd;wh? my;yJ rhh;e;J epd;wh? ,e;j yl;rpag; gazj;ijj; njhlh;tJ vd;gNj.

,dthj murpw;F vjpuhd jkpo; kf;fspd; Njrpa tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lk; rhuhk;rj;jpy; ty;yuRfSf;Fk;> ,e;jpa tphpthjpf;fj;jpw;Fk; vjpuhd Nghuhl;lNk. ,iwahz;ikAs;s jkpoPok; jhd; Fwpf;Nfhs; vdpy; gpuhe;jpa muRfs;- cyf ty;yuRfSf;F vjpuhf mtw;iw vjph;j;J NghuhLk; kf;fSld; xd;Wgl;L xU ,ilawhj ePz;l fhy Nghuhl;lj;ij> Aj;jj;ij elj;Jtjd; %yNk jkpoPok; rhj;jpak;.

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