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ma;Nuhg;gpa nra;jpr; rhjdq;fs; midj;jpYk; ANudpaj;jpdhy; Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gg; gw;wp njhiyj; njhlHG rhjdq;fs; mwptpj;jd. ANudpaj;jpdhy; Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gf;fs; gw;wp ,d;W nts;isaH Njrj;jtHfspd; rpg;gha;fs; jkJ FKwy;fis ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wdH. gj;jpupiffs; gythwhd nra;jpfis vOjpf; nfhs;fpd;wdH. ANudpak; rk;ge;jg;gl;l epfo;tpy; mnkupf;fh>gpuhd;];> gpupj;jhdpah> fdlh Nghd;w ehLfs; xUgf;fKk; kw;iwa maNuhg;gpa ehLfs; xU gf;fKk; ,Uf;fpd;wd.
Fwpg;ghf mnkupf;fh> gpupj;jhdpah> gpuhd;];> fdlh Mfpa ehLfs; ANudpaj;jpd; vjpHtpioT gw;wpa Fwpg;G vJTk; jkf;F jug;gltpy;iy vd kw;iwa ehLfs; Fw;wk; rhl;Lfpd;wd. ,jdhy; Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l ehLfs; jkJ giltPuHfspd; ghJfhg;ig cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L kw;iwa ehLfspd; giltPuHfs; ghjpg;Gg; gw;wp mf;fiwg;gltpy;iy vd vy;yhg; gj;jpupiffspYk; vOjg;gl;ld. tplaj;jpid njupe;J itj;jpUe;j ehLfs; nra;jpia kiwj;Jf; nfhz;ljpdhy;> czTfs; tplaj;jpy; jkJ tPuHfSf;F Fz;L tPrg;gl;l ,lj;jpy; tpioe;j kuf;fwpfis jkJ tPuHfs; khj;jpuk; cz;bUf;ff; $Lk; vd gj;jpupiffs; vOjpf; nfhz;ld.
Nel;Nlhtpd; (NATO) nrayhsHehafk; (George Robertson) N[hHr; nwhngl;rd; $w;Wg;gb 9.3 njhd; vilAila a+Nudpak; cs;slf;fpa Fz;L tPrg;gl;Ls;sJ. nkhj;jk; 31000 rounds 30mm jyh 300 fpuhk; vilAilahjhFk;. ,q;F ANudpaj;jpd; fhuzkhf Vw;gLk; jhf;fk; gw;wpg; ghHg;Nghk;. ANudpak; kf;fis gythwhf jhf;Fk;.1. J}rp Clhf guTfpd;wJ.
2. gapHr; nra;if epyj;jpy; Fz;Lj; jhf;Fjy; elj;jg;gLkhdhy;
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cz;Zfpd;w NghJ guTk;.
3. Fz;Lj; jhf;Fjypd; gpd;dH Vw;gLk; kpFjpg; nghUl;fis
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ghjpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ.
3. njhopw;rhiyfs;
4. ,lq;fSf;F ,ilapyhd njhlHG topfs; jhf;FjYf;F
cs;shfpaJ. ,jd; fhuzkhf kf;fspd; tho;Nt
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5.
gpwf;Fk; gps;isfs; FiwghLfSld; gpwf;fpd;wd.6.
giltPuHfs; ghjpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wdH.kf;fs; tWikapy; thLk; epiy Vw;gl;lJ. ,d;iwa epiyf;Ff; fhuzk;
rjhk; Firdpd;> kpNyhrtpr; vd ,d;iwf;F Nkw;Fyfk; $Wfpd;wJ. cz;ikapy; ,t;thwhd
rHthjpfhupfs; xU jdpahd nraw;ghl;bw;F fhuzk; vdf; nfhs;sKbahJ. ,tHfis cUthf;fpa
nghUshjhu mikg;Ng fhuzkhFk;. nghUshjhu mikg;ig ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhd jdJ ez;gd;
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nra;jJ.
MdhYk; ,d;W cyf ehLfs; gytw;iw jkJ Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf MSikf;Fs; nfhz;L te;Js;sdH. gpuhe;jpaq;fspd; nry;thf;Ff; fUjp me;je;j gpuNjrq;fspy; Njrq;fs; RaepHza cupik ngWtJ> Njitahd NghJ Rje;jpu Njrq;fs; ngaupy; cUthf;FtJ ,d;W gyk; nghUe;jpa epjp%yjdj;ijf; nfhz;l ehLfspd; thbf;ifahfptpl;lJ. (Kd;dH I.ehtpd; ngaiug; ghtpj;J nfhupahtpDs; Eioe;jdH.)
gpur;riidfs; ele;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;w Njrq;fspy; rdehafj;ij epiyepWj;jpf; nfhs;sTk;> kdpj cupikia ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;sTk; I.ehtpd;
(U.N.) jiyikapyhd gilfis mDg;gp kdpj cupikfisAk;> capHg;gypfisAk; epWj;j Ntz;Lk; vd Nfhupf;if tpLfpd;wd. mj;Jld; I.eh %ykhf vy;yhtw;iwAk; nra;ayhk; vd ek;gpf;if nfhs;fpd;wdH.cjhuzj;jpw;F xU rpy fzf;ifg; ghHg;Nghk;> kpNyhrtpr;> ,yq;if muR> rjhk;> ,e;NjhNdrpa muR> kf;fis nfhy;Yfpd;wdH vd itj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;. cjhuzj;jpw;F ,e;NjhNdrpa muR (500 000 nghJTlikthjpfs;> MjuthsHfs; vd RfHl;Nlh muR nfhd;W Ftpj;jJ 1966 fspy;) fpof;Fj; jpNkhH kf;fSf;F nra;j nfhLikfs;> Nghl;l Fz;Lfspd; ghjpg;G> ,yq;if muR ,yq;if kf;fs; gpuptpdupilNa nra;j Fz;L tPr;Rj; jhf;Fjy;fs;> mjd; tpisTfisAk;> Vfhjpgj;jpa ehLfs;> I.eh rigapd; cjtpAld; eilngw;w rdehaf kPs; epWj;jk; nra;Ak; (<uhf;> a+f;Nfh];yhtpah) Nghuhl;lj;jpy; vt;tsT Nrjhuk; vd fzf;Fg; Nghl;Lg; ghHj;jhy; kf;fs; jpiff;Fk; mstpw;F ,Uf;Fk;. ,J mnkupf;fh> tpal;ehkpy;> <uhf;fpy;> a+f;Nfh];yhtpahtpy; nra;j Nrjk; mijtpl mjpfkhdjhFk;. Nghuhl;lk; eilngWfpd;w Njrj;jpy; xLf;FKiw muR nfhiy nra;Akhdhy; me;jf; FLk;gj;ijr; NrHe;j cWg;gpdHfis nghUshjhu uPjpahf ghjpf;fpd;wJ. ghjpg;G rq;fpyp tl;lk; Nghy; njhlHfpd;wJ. Mdhy; Vfhjpgj;jpaq;fs; tPrpa Fz;L tPr;rpy; xU ehl;bd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;F epue;ju ,ilQ;ryhf cUthfpd;wJ.
,t;thwhf epue;ju Cdk; cs;s r%fkhf Mf;f Ntz;ba Njit Vfhjpgj;jpaq;fSf;F cz;lh? Mk; epr;rak; nts;isaHfs; my;yhj Njrj;jtHfis ,t;thW mopj;Jf; nfhs;tJ etPd ky;J}rupd; (rdj;njhifNa cyfpd; grp gl;bdpf;F fhuzk; vdf; nfhs;fpd;wJ) nfhs;ifahFk;. cyfpy; eilngw;w Aj;jq;fspy; capupaypy; njhlHr;rpahd ghjpg;G mZtpy; ,Ue;J ngwg;gLk; fjpH miy> kw;Wk; fhLfis mopf;fntd tpal;dhkpy; (jw;nghOJ nfhyk;gpahtpy; tPrg;gLfpd;wJ) tPrpa Fz;L tif Nghd;wtw;why; Vw;gLtJ Nghy; ,y;iy. ngUk; mopitf; nfhz;l N[Hkdpapy; ,t;thwhd capupay; uPjpahd ghjpg;G ,d;iwa fhyj;ijg; Nghy; ,y;iy. Mdhy; kPsTk; N[Hkdpia (JUf;fpa njhopyhsHfs;) fl;likj;jdH. ,q;F ,uz;L Aj;jq;fSf;Fk; khw;wk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,e;j Aj;jj;jpy; ghtpf;fg;gl;l MAjq;fspYk; khw;wk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. Vd; tuyhw;wpy; eilngw;w Aj;jq;fs; midj;jpYk; kdpj rKjhak; mope;J jhd; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. mj;Jld; nghUshjhu cwTfs;> r%f cwTfSk; rpije;J jhd; ,Uf;fpd;wd. (xU kdpjid nfhy;Yk; NghJ mtd; ,wf;fpd;whd;. Mdhy; FiwAila kdpjHfis cUthf;fpa gpd;dH FiwAs;s r%fk; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; cUthf;fg;gLfpd;wJ cjhuzj;jpw;F tWik vt;thW rq;fpypj; njhlHNghy; njhlHfpd;wNjh mNj Nghy;jhd;.) MdhYk; capupapy; uPjpahd ghjpg;ig kdpj rKjhak; mile;jJ ,d;iwa fhyj;jpy; jhd;.Aj;jj;jpy; ghtpf;fg;gLk; capupay;> ,urhadtpay; MAjq;fshy; kf;fs; ghjpg;Gf;F cs;shfpd;wdH. capupay; uPjpahf vkJ kf;fs; ghjpf;fg;gLthHfs; vd;why; vkJ NjrkhdJ mjid rkhspj;Jf; nfhs;s njhopy; El;g uPjpahf> nghUshjhu uPjpahf tsHr;rpailatpy;iy. ,tw;iw fl;Lg;gLj;jTk; vkJ Njrq;fspy; trjpfSk; ,y;iy. Aj;jj;jpd; ghjpg;igg; gw;wpf; $Wtjhy; Nghuhl;lq;fis kWjypf;f KbahJ. ,q;F Nghuhl;lk; vd;gJ tho;tjw;fhf NghuhLtjhFk;. NghuhLk; NghJ mopf;fg;gLtjw;F vjpuhdJ ghJfhg;Gg; Nghuhl;lk; ,J ePjpahdJ. Mdhy; Nghuhl;lq;fis kOq;fbg;gjw;F vjpuhf elj;jg;gLk; mlhtbj;jdq;fs;> jhf;Fjy;fs; ,itfs; ePjpaw;wit.
,q;F md;dpar; rf;jpfis tutioj;J> mtHfs; rkhjhdj;ij epiyepWj;JtH vdf;$wp xU ehl;bDs; Eioe;J nfhs;fpd;wdH. gpd;dH MAjf;FOf;fis> muir fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fs; nfhz;L tUk; nghUl;L MAjuPjpahf mbgzpa itf;fpd;wdH.. ,jdhy; Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gg; gw;wpj; jhd; myrg;gLfpd;wJ. Aj;jk; vd;gJ kdpj Fyj;jpdpilNa tHf;fq;fs; Njhd;wpa gpd;dH eilngw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.ciof;Fk; kf;fs; mjpfhuj;jpid KOikahf ifg;gw;wpa gpw;ghLjhd; Aj;jq;fs; xopf;fg;gLk;. Aj;jj;ij ntWg;gJ vd;gJ Nghuhl;lj;ij vjpHg;gJ vd;gjhfhJ. mopit epWj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf ve;j tpiyAk; nfhLf;f KbahJ> mjhtJ Nghuhl;lj;ij fhl;bf; nfhLj;J ruzila KbahJ. ePjpahd Kiwapy; jhd; mopTfs; epWj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
ANudpak;
ANudpak; vd;gJ ,aw;ifapy; ,Ue;J fpilf;fg;ngWtjhFk;. ,J mZMAj> mZ kpd;Miy Nghd;wtw;iw ,af;fg; ghtpf;fg;gLtjhFk;. ,jw;F ghtpf;fg;gLk; ANudpaj;jpdhy; Vw;gLk; ,urhad khw;wj;jpdhy; vw;gLk; tb my;yJ fopthFk;. ,jid Mq;fpyj;jpy; Depleted uranium (DU) vdf; $WthHfs;. ,jpy; Vw;gLk; rf;jptha;e;j fopit my;yJ tbia Uranium 235 ,jpYk; ,Ue;J ngwg;gLk; foptpy; ,Ue;J cUthf;fg;gLk; Uranium 238 ,J 40 tPjk; fjpH miy FiwthdjhFk;. 1970 fspy; fopTfspy; ,Ue;J fduf> kw;Wk; rf;jp tha;e;j Fz;Lfs; jahupj;J ghtpf;f KbAk; vd mnkupf;f tpQ;Qhdpfs; Kbtpw;F te;jdH. ANudpaj;ijf; nfhz;L ghtpf;fg;gLk; Fz;Lfs; ntbg;gjpy;iy. Mdhy; vupAk; jd;ik nfhz;lJ> ,J fhw;wpy; J}rp khjpupg; gutf; $baJ. A+NudpakhdJ ghz; my;yJ (bread) nuhl;bapy; ntz;nza; (Butter) jltpdhy; vt;thW frpj;J NghFNkh mNjNghy; fduf thfdq;fis ClWj;Jr; nrd;W fduf ftrthfdj;ij vupf;f ty;yJ.50 gpuhd;]; ehl;L ,uhZt tPuHfis gupNrhjpj;j gpd;dH ntspapl;l gpuhd;]; ehl;L Ma;Tf; FOtpdH ANudpaj;jpw;Fk;> ,uj;jg;Gw;W Neha;f;Fk; rk;ge;jk; ,Ug;gjhf njupatpy;iy vd njuptpj;Js;sdH. ,t;thwhd Kbtpid I.ehtpd;
(U.N.) cyf Rfhjhu epWtdk; (WHO) njuptpj;jpUe;jJ vd;gJk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;. Mdhy;> 7 ];ngapd; ehl;ltiu Gw;WNeha; jhf;fpAs;sJ.<uhf; jilapd; tpioTfs;
rHtNjr vjpu;g;Gf;fisAk; kPwp <uhf; kPJ rHtNjr r%fk; vd;w ngaupy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l jilahy; kf;fs; kbe;J nfhz;L ,Uf;fpd;wdH. rHtNjr r%fk; Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;l jilnad mnkupf;fhthYk;> gpupj;jhdpahtpdhYk; gpjw;wg;gLk; jilapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gLk; kf;fs; gw;wp Mq;fhq;Nf rpy njhlHGr; rhjdq;fs; Ngr Kw;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. rHtNjr r%fk; tpjpj;j jilf;Nf rHtNjr r%fk; vjph;g;Gj; njuptpj;Js;sJ jhd; Ntbf;if.
,jpy; xU jpUg;GKidahf UNICEF ftdk; nrYj;jpaij ftdj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Adpnrt; (UNICEF) ,Dila rpy juTfis ,q;Nf jug;gLfpd;wJ. 1990-f;F gpd; gpwe;j xt;nthU 20 rpRf;fs; Ie;J taJ miltjw;F Kd;dH ,wf;fpd;wdH. xt;nthU 8 gps;isfs; taJ KjpHtjw;F Kd;dH ,wq;fpd;wdH. FbePH gw;whf;Fiw> czT> kUe;J tif Nghd;w fhuzq;fshy; kbfpd;wdH. njd; <uhf; gFjpapy; Gw;WNeha; ,uz;L klq;fhf mjpfupj;Js;sJ. 1 ehSf;F 300 Foe;ijfs; tPjk; tUlj;jpw;F 73 000 Foe;ijfis fhT thq;Ffpd;wJ. Adpnrt;tpd; fUj;Jg;gb 3 ,y; 2 tPjkhdtHfis czT> kUe;Jj; jilapy;yhj gl;rj;jpy; fhg;ghw;wpUf;f KbAk; vdf; fUJfpd;wJ.,t;thwhf fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itf;fpd;w NghjpYk; nrQ;rpYitr; rq;fj;jpd; gf;jhj; gpujpepjpahd
Beate Schweizer vd;gtH jilapdhy; mg;ghtp kf;fs; ghjpf;fg;gLtjhf $wpAs;shH.gpuhd;];> rPdh> u~;ah jilf;F vjpuhfTk;> gpupj;jhdpahTk; mjd; v[khdd; mnkupf;fhTk; jilf;F Mjuthf cs;s I.eh ghJfhg;Gr; rigapd; mq;fj;Jt ehLfshFk;.
Iren Denis Haliday 1998
gpd;gFjpapy; Hans Von Sponeck 2000 Nghd;w I.eh cjtpg; gpupTj; jiytHfshf nraw;gl;ltHfs; jilahy; nghJkf;fs; ghjpf;fg;gLfpd;wdH vd vjpHg;Gj; njuptpj;J gjtpapy; ,Ue;J tpyfpAs;sdH.vz;izf;F
(oil for food and medisin) khw;whf czT> kUe;J vd;w xg;ge;jj;ij Nkw;ghHit nra;Jk; jw;Nghija jiytuhf ,Ue;J Jutta Burghart gjtp tpyfpAs;shH. cyf Rfhjhu epWtdk; ftiy nfhz;Ls;sJ. I.ehtpd; jiytH ftiy njuptpj;Js;shH. mj;Jld; jilia tpyf;Fk;gb Nfl;Lf; nfhz;Ls;shH. NkYk; (ru;f;fiu Neha;) ryNuhfk;> ,Uja Neha;> <uy;> rpWePufk; Mfpatw;wpw;fhd kUe;Jfs; jl;Lg;ghlhf ,Ug;gjhf njuptpj;Js;s Nfhgp md;dd;> jilapdhy; jLg;GkUe;J NghLk; jpl;lKk; ,j;jilapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gLtjhf $wpAs;shH. I.ehtpd; xg;GjYld;> I.eh vLj;j jPHkhdj;jpd; %yk; jhd; eltbf;if vLj;jjhf mnkupf;fhTk;> gpupl;;lDk;> njhiyj; njhlHG rhjdq;fSk; $Wfpd;wd. Mdhy; ,d;W I.ehtpy; mq;fk; tfpf;Fk; mnkupf;fh> gpupj;jhdpahTld; NrHe;j rpy ehLfisj; jtpu kw;iwa ehLfs;> Vd; Nfhgp md;dd; cl;gl jilia uj;J nra;aNt NfhUfpd;wdH. I.eh jilia Vw;gLj;j KbAkhdhy; Vd; mjid jsHj;j ,e;j I.ehtpdhy; Kbatpy;iy. ,jid jLg;gJ mnkupf;fh> gpupj;jhdpah Mfpad vz;iz Nky; nfhz;l eyNd. vz;iz tsehLfs; jiliag; gad;gLj;jp tpiy mjpfupg;gpd; %yk; jkJ fy;yhg; ngl;bia epug;Gfpd;wdH. ,jdhy; cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; ehLfspd; ehza tUtha; mjpfupf;fpd;wJ. gj;jpupifahsuhd (The Guardian - Maggie O’Kane) kfp vd;gtH JiwKf (Basra) efuhdtpy; 3 klq;fhf (Down Syndrom) lTd; rpd;uk; vd;w FiwghL cila gps;isfs; gpwe;jpUf;fpd;wd. ,it khj;jpuk; my;y Gjpa cly; cWg;Gf;fs; tsHe;Jk;> cly; cWg;Gf;fs; rpy gFjp tsuhkYk; gps;isfs; gpwe;jpUf;fpd;wd. ,t;thwhd epfo;tpw;F fhuzk; gzk; gilj;j Njrq;fspd; gzj;jpd; kPjhd cyf MirNa> Mjpf;fNk.gupNrhjidf; FOf;fspd; KbTfs;
cz;ikahf ANudpaj;jpdhy; jhd; Gw;WNeha; Nghd;wd tUfpd;wJ vd gy gupNrhjidf; FOf;fs; ANudpaj;jhy; tUk; ghjpg;Gf;fs; gw;wp Ma;e;J mwpf;iffs; rkHg;gpj;jdH. ,jpy; Kjypy; gpuhd;]; ehl;bd; Ma;Tf;FOtpd; mwpf;ifapd; gb rpw;gha;fspd; Gw;WNeha;f;F ANudpak; fhuzk; ,y;iy vd mwptpj;jpUe;jJ.,NjNghy; I.eh cyf Rfhjhu epWtdKk; Gw;Neha;f;F ANudpak; fhuzkhfhnjd njutpj;jpUe;jJ.
SHAPE
vd;w Nel;Nlhtpd; tpQ;Qhd gupNrhjid epWtdk;I.eh #oy; eyg; gphpitr; NrHe;j
(Klaus Topfer) fpsT]; ,jaRj;jpaw;w Ma;T KiwfisAk;> ve;j ,lj;jpy; (nfhrNth) ANuhdpak; cs;slf;fpa Fz;L tPrg;gl;l cz;ikahd ,lj;jpd; juTfs; nfhLf;fg;gltpy;iy vdTk; tpkHrpj;jpUe;jhH. 3 vOj;jhsH vOjpa (Uranium Appauvri: La Guerre Invusible :-Fredric Loore (Bel) Roger Trilling (USA) Martin Meissonnier (Fr) fw;Gydhfhg; NghH vd;w Gj;jfj;jpy; (The Independent) gj;jpupifapy; ntspahfpaJ) (Kenneth Becon) nfdj; vd;w ngd;ufd; Ngr;rhsiu Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;b vOjg;gl;l Fwpg;gpy; ANudpakhdJ ftrthfdj;ij jfHg;gjw;fhf ghtpf;fg;gl;l MAjj;jpy; (Plutonium) Gs+l;Nldpa er;R gbe;Js;sJ vd;Wk;> ,J mZthAj (Pandacan in Kentucky) epiyaj;jpy; Vw;gl;lJ vd;Wk; njuptpj;jpUe;jhH. mj;Jld; vwpFz;by; ANudpak; gbe;Js;sij RtP]; ehl;by; cs;s gupNrhjid epiyaj;jpy; gupNrhjpj;Jk; cWjpg;gLj;jpdH.ANudpak; ntspapLk; fjpH Neubahf Njhypd; %ykhf nry;tjpy;iy. Mdhy; J}rptbtkhf kdpjupDs; Eiofpd;wJ. ,jdhy; kdpjH ghjpg;Gf;F cs;shfpd;wdH. ,jdhy; <uy;> EiuaPuy;> ,jaj;jpy; ghjpg;G> euk;Gj; jsHr;rp Vw;gLk; mj;Jld; ,uj;jf; fyq;fSk; ghjpg;gilAk;. ,jdhy; EiuaPuy; Gw;WNeha;> ,uj;jg; Gw;WNeha; vd;gd cUthFk;.
ANudpaj;jhy; cUthFk; ghjpg;Gg; gw;wp cyf kf;fspy; xU gFjpapdNu njupe;J itj;Js;sdH. mNjNghy; gaq;fu MAjq;fis cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; epWtdq;fSk;> MAjq;fis fz;Lgpbf;Fk; tpQ;QhdpfSk;> MSk;tHf;fKk; njupe;J itj;jpUf;fpd;wdH.
MSk; tHf;fj;jpd; gpbapy; ,Uf;fpd;w xLf;FKiw njhlu;Gr; rhjdq;fs; rhjhuz kf;fSf;F ANudpaj;jpdhy; Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gg; gw;wp mwpa> moptpw;F JizNghFk; mwpT ,lk; nfhLg;gjpy;iy. ,d;W gy gupNrhjidfs; %yk; ANudpakhdJ Gw;WNeha; my;yJ ghy;fd;
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- ee;jpdp