- Excerpts from
International Standard ISO 690-2
Information and documentation
-- Bibliographic references -- Part 2: Electronic documents or parts thereof
This part of ISO 690 specifies the data elements and
their prescribed order in bibliographic references to electronic documents.
ISO uses the revenue from the sale of its standards
to support its standardization work.
The complete printed edition of ISO 690-2 is
available for sale from the member
bodies of ISO.
This International Standard was prepared by ISO
Technical Committee (TC) 46, Subcommittee (SC) 9 which develops International Standards
for the presentation, identification and description of documents.
We welcome your comments
on ISO 690-2.
List of the full contents of ISO 690-2
Introduction
1 Scope
2 References
3 Definitions
4 Sources of information
5 Outline of bibliographic references
5.1 Electronic monographs, databases and computer programs
5.1.1 Entire document
5.1.2 Parts of electronic monographs, databases or computer
programs
5.1.3 Contributions to electronic monographs, databases or
computer programs
5.2 Electronic serials
5.2.1 Entire serial
5.2.2 Articles and other contributions
5.3 Electronic bulletin boards, discussion lists and electronic
messages
5.3.1 Entire message system
5.3.2 Electronic messages
6 General conventions
6.1 Transliteration or romanization
6.2 Abbreviation
6.3 Capitalization
6.4 Punctuation
6.5 Typeface
6.6 Additions or corrections
7 Specification of elements
7.1 Primary responsibility
7.1.1 Persons and corporate bodies
7.1.2 Presentation of names
7.1.3 Corporate bodies
7.1.4 Two or three names
7.1.5 More than three names
7.1.6 Primary responsibility unknown
7.2 Title
7.2.1 Presentation
7.2.2 Translation
7.2.3 More than one title
7.2.4 Subtitle
7.2.5 Abridgement
7.2.6 Title unknown
7.3 Type of medium
7.4 Subordinate responsibility
7.4.1 Persons or corporate bodies with subordinate responsibility
7.4.2 Presentation
7.5 Edition
7.5.1 Presentation
7.5.2 Abbreviations and numeric terms
7.6 Issue designation for serials
7.6.1 Presentation
7.6.2 Designation of the first issue only
7.6.3 Designation of a complete or partial run
7.7 Place of publication
7.7.1 Presentation
7.7.2 More than one place
7.7.3 Place of publication unknown
7.8 Publisher
7.8.1 Presentation
7.8.2 More than one publisher
7.8.3 Publisher unknown
7.9 Dates
7.9.1 Presentation
7.9.2 Date of publication
7.9.2.1 Electronic documents spanning more than one date
7.9.2.2 Date of publication unknown
7.9.3 Date of update/revision
7.9.4 Date of citation
7.10 Series
7.11 Notes
7.11.1 Physical description
7.11.2 Accompanying material
7.11.3 System requirements
7.11.4 Frequency of publication
7.11.5 Language
7.11.6 Other notes
7.12 Availability and access
7.12.1 Online documents
7.12.2 Other availability information
7.13 Standard number
7.14 Component parts and contributions
7.14.1 Parts of electronic documents
7.14.2 Contributions in electronic documents
7.14.3 Numeration within host document or system
7.14.4 Location within host document
8 Relationship between references and text citations
Annex A Bibliography
Connected documents:
Errata
Supplement: Additional examples
Excerpts from ISO 690-2
Information and documentation --
Bibliographic references -- Part 2: Electronic documents or parts thereof
An increasing number of publications and other
documents are appearing in electronic form and are created, maintained, and disseminated
on a computer system. An electronic document may be fixed and unchangeable, or it may take
advantage of its computer environment to allow modifications in both form and content. An
electronic document may or may not have a paper or other form of equivalent. In spite of
the complexity of these documents, scholars, researchers, and others need to create
references to these electronic resources in order to document their research. This part of
ISO 690 provides guidance on the creation of those bibliographic references.
Although an electronic document may stylistically
resemble a print publication (such as a monograph, a serial, or an article or chapter),
the physical characteristics inherent in printed publications may not appear in the
electronic form. For instance, the existence of volumes, issues, and pages is essential to
print formats, but not to electronic ones. A growing amount of scholarly communication
through large telecommunications networks seems to fall somewhere between published
articles and personal correspondence. Features that allow a user to move at will from one
point in an electronic document to another point, or even to another document, add a
complication not found in the traditional linear nature of print formats.
Although a correspondence may be made between some
print publications and some electronic documents, electronic documents have their own
identity as computer programs, databases, files, or records which exist in a
machine-readable format, such as online, on CD-ROM, on magnetic tape, on disk, or on
another electronic storage medium. Bibliographic references to these electronic documents
must reflect that identity, not one of paper surrogates.
New formats and technologies for electronic
documents will continue to develop. As such developments evolve into widespread
international usage, this part of ISO 690 will be amended, where necessary, to accommodate
new forms and features of electronic documents.
This part of ISO 690 specifies the elements to be
included in bibliographic references to electronic documents. It sets out a prescribed
order for the elements of the reference and establishes conventions for the transcription
and presentation of information derived from the source electronic document.
This part of ISO 690 is intended for use by authors
and editors in the compilation of references to electronic documents for inclusion in a
bibliography, and in the formulation of citations within the text corresponding to the
entries in that bibliography. It does not apply to full bibliographic descriptions as
required by librarians, descriptive and analytic bibliographers, indexers, etc.
... some text omitted here ....
The principal source of data contained in a
reference is the item itself. The elements of the reference come from the electronic
document itself or from accompanying documentation; in no case shall the reference require
information that is not available from the source consulted.
The data recorded in the reference shall refer to
the specific copy of the document that was seen or used. For example, the data in a
bibliographic reference to a document on the Internet shall reflect the title, dates,
location information, etc. for the particular version that was seen and the particular
network location from which that version was accessed.
The preferred source of data within the item is the
screen that displays the title or its equivalent (e.g., the initial screen display that
follows sign-on or that carries the copyright notice). If the electronic document lacks
such a screen, the necessary data may be taken from an alternative source, such as
accompanying documentation or the container.
The outlines that follow are designed to identify
the constituent elements of bibliographic references to electronic documents and to
establish a standard order or sequence for the presentation of those elements. The
outlines cover references to databases, computer programs, electronic monographs, serials,
bulletin boards and other electronic message systems, and parts of or contributions
thereto. The same general framework applies to all these documents but those that have
characteristics which are peculiar to their form of publication are dealt with in separate
sections.
Required and optional bibliographic elements are
indicated as such in parentheses following the name of the element.
Elements are required only if they are applicable
to the item being cited and the information is readily available from the document itself
or its accompanying material. It is recommended that elements listed as optional should
also be included in the reference if the information is readily available.
Specifications relating to each of the elements
listed in these outlines are given in clause 7.
Element:
Primary responsibility (Required)
Title (Required)
Type of medium (Required)
Subordinate responsibility (Optional)
Edition (Required)
Place of publication (Required)
Publisher (Required)
Date of publication (Required)
Date of update/revision (Required)
Date of citation (Required for online documents; Optional for others)
Series (Optional)
Notes (Optional)
Availability and access (Required for online documents; Optional for others)
Standard number (Required)
SELECTED EXAMPLES (see print version for additional
examples)
- CARROLL, Lewis. Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
[online]. Texinfo ed. 2.1. [Dortmund, Germany] : WindSpiel, November 1994 [cited 10
February 1995]. Available from World Wide Web: <http://www.germany.eu.net/
books/carroll/alice.html>. Also available in PostScript and ASCII versions from
Internet: <ftp://ftp.Germany.EU.net/pub/books/carroll/>.
- Meeting Agenda [online]. Gif-sur-Yvette
(France) : Centre d'Etudes Nuclйaires, Saclay Service de Documentation, March 1991-
[cited 30 September 1992]. Updated bimonthly. ASCII format. Available from QUESTEL.
- Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology
[online]. 3rd ed. New York : John Wiley, 1984 [cited 3 January 1990]. Available from:
DIALOG Information Services, Palo Alto (Calif.).
- AXWORTHY, Glenn. Where in the World is Carmen
Sandiego? [disk]. Version for IBM/Tandy. San Rafael (Calif.) : Broderbund Software,
1985. 1 computer disk; 5 1/4 in. Accompanied by: 1986 World Almanac and Book of Facts.
System requirements: IBM/Tandy compatibles; 128 kB RAM; MS DOS 2.0, 3.0 series; graphics
adapter required. Designers: Gene Portwood and Lauren Elliott.
5.1.2 Parts of electronic
monographs, databases or computer programs
In general, parts are dependent portions of a
document which require the context supplied by the host document. If the item being
referenced can be treated as an independent unit without loss of meaning, it should be
referenced as a contribution (see clause 5.1.3).
Element:
Primary responsibility (of host document) (Required)
Title (of host document) (Required)
Type of medium (Required)
Subordinate responsibility (of host document) (Optional)
Edition (Required)
Place of publication (Required)
Publisher (Required)
Date of publication (Required)
Date of update/revision (Required)
Date of citation (Required for online documents; Optional for others)
Chapter or equivalent designation (of part) (Required)
Title (of part) (Required)
Numeration within host document (Optional)
Location within host document (Required)
Notes (Optional)
Availability and access (Required for online documents; Optional for others)
Standard number (Required)
SELECTED EXAMPLES (see print version for additional
examples)
- ICC British Company Financial Datasheets
[online]. Hampton (Middlesex, U.K.) : ICC Online, 1992, updated 3 March 1992 [cited 11
March 1992]. Robert Maxwell Group PLC. Accession no. 01209277. Available from: DIALOG
Information Services, Palo Alto (Calif.).
- CARROLL, Lewis. Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
[online]. Texinfo. ed. 2.2. [Dortmund, Germany] : WindSpiel, November 1994 [cited 30 March
1995]. Chapter VII. A Mad Tea-Party. Available from World Wide Web:
<http://www.germany.eu.net/books/ carroll/alice_10.html#SEC13>.
5.1.3 Contributions to
electronic monographs, databases or computer programs
Element:
Primary responsibility (of contribution) (Required)
Title (of contribution) (Required)
Primary responsibility (of host document) (Required)
Title (of host document) (Required)
Type of medium (Required)
Edition (Required)
Place of publication (Required)
Publisher (Required)
Date of publication (Required)
Date of update/revision (Required)
Date of citation (Required for online documents; Optional for others)
Numeration within host document (Optional)
Location within host document (Required)
Notes (Optional)
Availability and access (Required for online documents; Optional for others)
Standard number (Required)
SELECTED EXAMPLES (see print version for additional
examples)
- Belle de Jour. In Magill's Survey of Cinema
[online]. Pasadena (Calif.) : Salem Press, 1985- [cited 1994-08-04]. Accession no.
0050053. Available from: DIALOG Information Services, Palo Alto (Calif.).
- MCCONNELL, WH. Constitutional History. In The
Canadian Encyclopedia [CD-ROM]. Macintosh version 1.1. Toronto : McClelland &
Stewart, c1993. ISBN 0-7710-1932-7.
Element:
Title (Required)
Type of medium (Required)
Edition (Required)
Place of publication (Required)
Publisher (Required)
Date of publication (Required)
Date of citation (Required for online documents; Optional for others)
Series (Optional)
Notes (Optional)
Availability and access (Required for online documents; Optional for others)
Standard number (Required)
EXAMPLES
- Journal of Technology Education
[online]. Blacksburg (Va.) : Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989-
[cited 15 March 1995]. Semi-annual. Available from Internet:
<gopher://borg.lib.vt.edu:70/1/jte>. ISSN 1045-1064.
- Profile Canada [CD-ROM]. Toronto :
Micromedia, 1993- . The Canadian Connection. Accompanied by: user's guide. System
requirements: IBM PC or compatible; MPC Standard CD-ROM drive; DOS 3.30 or higher; 490 kB
RAM; MS-DOS Extensions 2.1 or higher. Quarterly.
Element:
Primary responsibility (of contribution) (Required)
Title (of contribution ) (Required)
Title (of serial) (Required)
Type of medium (Required)
Edition (Required)
Issue designation (Required)
Date of update/revision (Required)
Date of citation (Required for online documents; Optional for others)
Location within host document (Required)
Notes (Optional)
Availability and access (Required for online documents; Optional for others)
Standard number (Required)
EXAMPLES
- STONE, Nan. The Globalization of Europe. Harvard
Business Review [online]. May-June 1989 [cited 3 September 1990]. Available from:
BRS Information Technologies, McLean (Va.).
- PRICE-WILKIN, John. Using the World-Wide Web to
Deliver Complex Electronic Documents: Implications for Libraries. The Public-Access
Computer Systems Review [online]. 1994, vol. 5, no. 3 [cited 1994-07-28], pp. 5-21.
Available from Internet: <gopher://info.lib.uh.edu:70/00/
articles/e-journals/uhlibrary/pacsreview/v5/n3/pricewil.5n3>. ISSN 1048-6542.
Element:
Title (Required)
Type of medium (Required)
Place of publication (Required)
Publisher (Required)
Date of publication (Required)
Date of citation (Required)
Notes (Optional)
Availability and access (Required)
SELECTED EXAMPLES (see print version for additional
examples)
- PACS-L (Public Access Computer Systems Forum)
[online]. Houston
(Tex.) : University of Houston Libraries, June 1989- [cited 17 May 1995]. Available from
Internet: [email protected].
Element:
Primary responsibility (of message) (Required)
Title (of message) (Required)
Title (of host message system) (Required)
Type of medium (Required)
Subordinate responsibility/Recipient(s) (Optional)
Place of publication (Required)
Publisher (Required)
Date of publication (Required)
NOTE - For personal or unpublished communications, give
the date the message was sent.
Date of citation (Required)
Numeration within host message system (Optional)
Location within host message system (Required)
Notes (Optional) [see: Erratum]
Availability and access (Required, except for personal or unpublished communications)
EXAMPLE
- PARKER, Elliott. Re: Citing Electronic Journals. In PACS-L
(Public Access Computer Systems Forum) [online]. Houston (Tex.) : University of
Houston Libraries, 24 November 1989; 13:29:35 CST [cited 1 January 1995; 16:15 EST].
Available from Internet: <telnet://[email protected]>.
... some text omitted here ....
The type of electronic medium shall be given in
square brackets after the title. The following words or their equivalent should be used:
[online]
[CD-ROM]
[magnetic tape]
[disk]
If desired, the type of publication (e.g. monograph,
serial, database, computer program) may also be specified in the type of medium
designator.
EXAMPLES:
[database online]
[database on magnetic tape]
[monograph on CD-ROM]
[serial online]
[computer program on disk]
[bulletin board online]
[electronic mail]
... some text omitted here ....
For electronic serials the issue designation shall
be as complete as possible. It shall include the chronological designation (month, year,
etc.) and numbering (volume number, issue number, etc.) given in the source.
If the reference is to the whole of an electronic
serial that has not ceased, the chronological designation and/or numbering of the first
issue only shall be recorded, followed by a hyphen and one space, e.g. "January 1995-
, vol. 1, no. 1- ." If the beginning date is not found on the opening screen(s) of
the electronic serial or in the accompanying documentation, the date of the earliest entry
in the serial should be used, if known.
In a reference identifying either a complete or
partial run of an electronic serial, the chronological designation and/or numbering of the
first and last issues shall be recorded. If the beginning and ending dates are not found
on the opening screen(s) of the electronic serial or in the accompanying documentation,
the dates of the earliest and latest entries in the serial should be used, if known.
... some text omitted here ....
If no place of publication is found on the
electronic document or on accompanying material but it can be reasonably inferred, the
place name shall be given in square brackets.
If no place of publication can be ascertained, a
phrase such as "place of publication unknown", "sine loco" or an
equivalent abbreviation (e.g. "s.l.") should be recorded in lieu of a place
name. For online documents that are accessed by means of a computer network, the place of
publication element may be omitted if it can not be determined from other information in
the source. In these cases, however, the network location of the document shall be given (see clause 7.12.1).
... some text omitted here ....
If no publisher's name is given in the source, a
phrase such as "publisher unknown" or an equivalent abbreviation (e.g.
"s.n.") should be recorded in lieu of a name. For online documents that are made
available by means of a computer network, the publisher element may be omitted if it can
not be determined from other information in the source. In these cases, however, the
network address from which the specific document was accessed shall be given (see clause 7.12.1).
If it is deemed necessary because of the frequency
of updates or revisions to an electronic document, the dates of publication, update,
revision or citation may include the day, month, year, and time of day (e.g. 18 February
1997; 14:04:28 EST).
Years shall be transcribed in arabic numerals.
Dates that are transcribed completely in numeric
form shall be in accordance with ISO 8601 (e.g. 1997-01-20).
If an electronic document spans more than one date
and is complete, such as a database to which no records are being added or an online
serial that is no longer being published, the beginning and ending dates should be given
(e.g. "September 1975-August 1984"). If the beginning and ending dates are not
found on the opening screen(s) of the document or in its documentation, the dates of the
earliest and latest entries in the document should be used, if known.
If an electronic document spans more than one year
and is not yet complete, such as a database that is still being updated or an active
serial, the beginning date of the document shall be given followed by a hyphen and one
space, e.g. "June 1991- ". If the beginning date is not found on the opening
screen(s) of the document or in its documentation, the date of the earliest entry in the
document should be used, if known.
If the date of publication cannot be determined from
the source, the date of copyright shall be recorded in its place. If no date of copyright
is available and there are no other reliable indications of the date of publication for
the electronic document, the phrase "date unknown" or its equivalent shall be
recorded in lieu of a date.
Optionally, for online documents that span more than
one date (e.g. an entire database, electronic bulletin board or other electronic message
system), the date of publication element may be omitted if it can not be determined from
the source. In such cases, a date of citation shall be supplied in square brackets (see 7.9.4).
Electronic documents may be frequently updated or
revised between editions or versions. Even when a document is closed to the addition of
new records, it may still be updated for error correction or other maintenance. Where
applicable, the date of the update or revision being cited shall be given after the date
of publication using the terms given in the source (e.g. "updated January 1997"
or "rev. 1 March 1997").
The date on which the electronic document was
actually seen shall be given in square brackets for documents which may be subject to
changes (e.g. online documents) or when no other reliable date can be found in the source
or the documentation. The date of citation shall be preceded by the word "cited"
or an equivalent term.
EXAMPLES
[cited 3 September 1997]
[cited 1997-07-28]
[cited 17 May 1997; 21:15 GMT]
... some text omitted here ....
Information that describes the format of the
document or the number and type of physical pieces associated with the electronic document
should be given as a note.
EXAMPLES
- 1 magnetic tape: 9 track, 6250 bpi, EBCDIC
- ASCII format
Information about any items accompanying the
electronic document, such as user manuals or audiocassettes, may be recorded in a note.
This information shall be preceded by the words "Accompanied by" or an
equivalent phrase.
Information concerning system requirements should be
recorded in a note. System requirements include the specific make and model of computer on
which the document is designed to run; the amount of memory required; the name of the
operating system and its version; the software requirements; and the kind and
characteristics of any required or recommended peripherals. The wording supplied by the
electronic document or its documentation should be used. To reduce ambiguity, it is
suggested that the words "System requirements:" or an equivalent phrase precede
this information.
EXAMPLE
System requirements: IBM PC or compatible; MPC
Standard CD-ROM drive; DOS 3.30 or higher; 490 kB RAM; MS-DOS Extensions 2.1 or higher.
If an electronic document, such as a database, is
still being updated, the frequency with which it is updated should be given in a note,
e.g. "Updated weekly"; "Reloaded annually"; "Continually
updated"; "Quarterly".
... some text omitted here ....
Information for identifying and locating the source
of the document cited shall be provided for online documents. This information should be
identified by the words "Available from" or an equivalent phrase.
The location information for online documents within
a computer network such as the Internet shall refer to the copy of the document that was
actually seen and should include the method of access to the document (e.g. FTP) as well
as the network address for its location. The elements of location information (e.g.
address of the host computer, directory name, file name) shall be transcribed with the
same punctuation, upper case and lower case letters as given in the source.
EXAMPLES
- Available from Internet: [email protected] by
sending command GET PRICEWIL PRV5N3 F=MAIL.
- Available from Internet via anonymous FTP to:
BORG.LIB.VT.EDU.
- Available from Internet:
<gopher://info.lib.uh.edu:70/00/
articles/e-journals/uhlibrary/pacsreview/v5/n3/pricewil.5n3>.
- Available from DIALOG Information Services, Palo Alto
(Calif.)
- Available from TELESYSTEMES QUESTEL.
- Available from World Wide Web:
<http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/
iso/tc46sc9/standard/690-2e.htm>.
Information on any other locations or forms of the
document may also be given. This information should be clearly separated from information
that refers to the location of the actual document cited and should be preceded by the
words "Also available" or an appropriate equivalent phrase.
EXAMPLE
Also available in HTML version from:
<http://info.lib.uh.edu/pacsrev.html>.
The standard number, if any, assigned to the item
being cited shall be recorded. The standard number shall be introduced by the appropriate
identifier for the standard numbering system used (e.g. ISSN; ISBN).
EXAMPLES
ISBN 2-7654-0537-9
ISSN 1045-1064
7.14 Component parts and contributions
In a reference to a part of an electronic document,
which is not a separate contribution, the details unique to the part (e.g. chapter or part
designation and title) and its numeration and location within the host document shall be
placed after the bibliographic data for the work as a whole and preceding the notes,
statement of availability and standard number, if applicable.
In a reference to a separate contribution in an
electronic document, the details relating to the contribution (e.g. its author and title)
shall precede the details referring to the host document as a whole, and shall be clearly
distinguished from it by typography, punctuation or a word such as "In". The
numeration and location of the contribution within the host document shall be placed after
the bibliographic data for the host and preceding the notes, statement of availability and
standard number, if applicable.
The record number or other numbers assigned to a
part or contribution as its identifier within the host document or system should be
recorded when such numeration will remain constant each time the part or contribution is
retrieved from the host. This number should be preceded by a descriptive phrase, such as
"Record no.", "Item no.", "Accession no.", or an equivalent
phrase appropriate to the document.
The location of the part or contribution within the
host document shall be given if the format of the document includes pagination or an
equivalent internal referencing system. This specification of location should be
designated in this order of preference:
1) page, screen, paragraph, or line number when
these features are fixed features of the part or contribution or of the database (e.g.
"pp. 5-21"; "lines 100-150)";
2) labeled part, section, table, scene, or other text-related designation;
3) any host-specific designation.
If the document does not include pagination or an
equivalent internal referencing system, the extent of the item may be indicated in square
brackets in terms such as the total number of lines, screens, etc. (e.g. "[35
lines]" or "[approx. 12 screens]").
... some text omitted here
....
Annex A
(informative)
Bibliography
- ISO 2108:1992, Information and documentation --
International standard book numbering (ISBN)
- ISO 3297:1986, Documentation -- International
standard serial numbering (ISSN).
- ISO 5127/1:1983, Documentation and information
-- Vocabulary -- Part 1: Basic concepts
- ISO 5127/3a):1981, Information and
documentation -- Vocabulary -- Section 3a): Acquisition, identification, and analysis of
documents and data.
- ISO/TR 9544:1988, Information processing --
Computer-assisted publishing -- Vocabulary
- BERNERS-LEE, T.; MASINTER, L.; MCCAHILL, M., ed. Uniform
Resource Locators (URL). Internet Engineering Task Force, December 1994 [cited 9
June 1998; 14:17 EST]. Request for Comments: 1738. [25 pp.] Available from Internet: <ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1738.txt>.
[Reference updated]
Supplement: Additional examples
Additional
examples of references to electronic documents, using the format recommended by this
part of ISO 690, are available as a special supplement to this Web version of the
International Standard. Suggestions for examples
to add to the supplement are welcomed.
ISO/TC 46/SC 9 welcomes comments, suggestions and
examples for future revisions of this ISO standard. Although we may not reply to each
message, suggestions will be kept on file for consideration during the next revision of
this part of ISO 690.
Comments should be sent to:
ISO/TC 46/SC 9 Secretariat
National Library of Canada
395 Wellington Street
Ottawa K1A 0N4
Canada
Internet: [email protected]
Copyright © ISO 1999.
Last update: 1999-02-10.
Comments: [email protected]
http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/iso/tc46sc9/standard/690-2e.htm
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