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5. ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS -
MAGAC TILMAAMAHA IYO FAL TILMAAMAHA
Adjectives
Here are some examples of English adjectives:
cheap (chiip) jaban, raqiis, rakhiis ah
clean (kliin) nadiif, nadiifin
clever (klever) xariif
cold (koold) qabow, duray
dark (daark) mugdi, iftiin la 'an
full (fUl) buuxa
high (haay) kor, sarreya, meel sare, meel kore
long (long) dheer
low (loo) hoose, hooseya
old (oold) gaboobay, da' weyn, duq, duq nimo
poor (puur) sabool, ceyr, miskiin
quick (kwik) dhaqsi, degdeg
quiet (kwaayet) shanqar la 'aan, hadal la 'aan
rich (rich) maalqabeen, tajir
round (rawnd) goobabin sida kubbadda
short (shoort) gaaban
sick (sik) cudur, jiro
small (smol) yar, wax yar
soft (soft) jilicsan
sour (sawr) qaraar, xaraar
strong (strong) qawii, adag, kakan
stupid (stiuupid) dabal, nacas
sweet (swiit) macaan, mac
tall (tol) dheer
warm (worm) diran
weak (wiik) dhaciif, tabar-daran
young (yang) yar, dhalin yar, da' yar, cimri yar
English adjectives are usually placed before nouns, or after certain verbs such as the verb be.
For example:
a tall tree geed dheer ah
The tree is tall. Geedku waa dheer yahay.
The comparative form of an adjective is used in comparing things with one another.
For example:
He is taller than his brother.
Wuu ka dheer yahay walaalkiis.
Here are the rules for forming the comparative form of an adjective:
1) If the adjective is short, the ending er is added.
For example:
Adjective and Comparative Form of the Adjective
cold qabow, colder ka qabow
strong qawisan, adag, stronger ka qawisan, ka adag
tall dheer, taller ka dheer
young yar, younger ka yar
2) If the adjective is long, the word more (moor) is used before the adjective.
For example:
Adjective and Comparative Form of the Adjective
beautiful (biuutifUl) qurxoon, quruxsan, more beautiful ka qurux-badan
difficult (difikalt) aan sahlanayn, adag, more difficult ka adag
important (impoortent) muhiimsan, more important ka muhiimsan
The word than is usually used after the comparative form of an adjective.
For example:
The boy is older than the girl.
Inanku waa ka da' weyn yahay inanta.
The girl is more beautiful than her sister.
Inantu waa ka qurux-badan tahay walasheed.
The superlative form of an adjective is usually used to compare one or more members of a group with other members of the group.
For example:
He is the tallest boy in the class.
Isagu waa wiilka ugu dheer fasalka.
Here are the rules for forming the superlative form of an adjective:
1) If the adjective is short, the ending est is added.
For example:
Adjective and Superlative Form of the Adjective
cold qabow, coldest ugu qabow
strong qawisan, adag, strongest ugu qawisan, ugu adag
tall dheer, tallest ugu dheer
young yar, youngest ugu yar
2) If the adjective is long, the word most (moost) is used before the adjective.
For example:
Adjective and Superlative Form of the Adjective
beautiful qurxoon, quruxsan, most beautiful ugu qurux-badan
difficult aan sahlanayn, adag, most difficult ugu adag
important muhiimsan, most important ugu muhiimsan
The word the is usually used before the superlative form of an adjective. A preposition such as in is usually used after the noun following the superlative form of an adjective.
For example:
The boy is the oldest child in the family.
Inanku waa ugu da' weyn yahay qoyska.
She is the most beautiful girl in the school.
Waa inanta ugu qurux-badan tahay dusiga.
The comparative and superlative forms of the following adjectives are formed irregularly:
Adjective, Comparative Form of the Adjective and Superlative Form of the Adjective
bad (baad) xun, worse (wers) ka xun, worst (werst) ugu xun
good (gUd) fiican, better (beter) ka fiican, best (best) ugu fiican
far (faar) fog, farther (faarTHer) or further (farTHer) ka fog, farthest (faarTHest) or furthest (farTHest) ugu fog
little (lital) yar, less (les) ka yar, least (liist) ugu yar
many (menii) badan, more (moor) ka badan, most (moost) ugu badan
much (mach) badan, more (moor) ka badan, most (moost) ugu badan
The words much and many have the same meaning, but are used differently. The word many is used before plural nouns.
For example:
many apples tufaaxyo badan
many boys wiilal badan
many children caruur badan
The word much is used before nouns which do not form a plural.
For example:
much money lacag badan
much rain roob badan
much rice bariis badan
Sometimes the spelling is changed when the ending er or est is added:
If the adjective ends in e, the e is omitted before the ending er or est is added.
For example:
Adjective, Comparative Form of the Adjective and Superlative Form of the Adjective
brave (breyv) geesi, braver ka geesi, bravest ugu geesi
large (larj) weyn, larger ka weyn, largest ugu weyn
late (leyt) dahid, later ka dahid, latest ugu dahid
true (truu) run, truer ka run, truest ugu run
If the adjective ends in a single vowel followed by a single consonant, the consonant must be doubled before the ending er or est is added.
For example:
Adjective, Comparative Form of the Adjective and Superlative Form of the Adjective
big (big) weyn, bigger ka weyn, biggest ugu weyn
fat (faat) buuran, fatter ka buuran, fattest ugu buuran
hot (hot) kulul, hotter ka kulul, hottest ugu kulul
sad (saad) murugo, sadder ka murugo, saddest ugu murugo
thin (thin) caato, thinner ka caato, thinnest ugu caato
wet (wet) goyan, wetter ka goyan, wettest ugu goyan
However, the consonants w, x and y do not follow this rule.
For example:
Adjective, Comparative Form of the Adjective and Superlative Form of the Adjective
low (loo) hoose, lower ka hoose, lowest ugu hoose
new (niuu) cusub, newer ka cusub, newest ugu cusub
slow (sloo) gaabin, slower ka gaabin, slowest ugu gaabin
If the adjective ends in a consonant followed by y, the letter y is changed to i before the ending er or est is added.
For example:
Adjective, Comparative Form of the Adjective and Superlative Form of the Adjective
busy (bizii) mashquul, busier ka mashquul, busiest ugu mashquul
dirty (dertii) wasakhsan, dirtier ka wasakhsan, dirtiest ugu wasakhsan
dry (draay) qalal, drier ka qalal, driest ugu qalal
empty (emptii) madhan, emptier ka madhan, emptiest ugu madhan
happy (haapii) faraxsan, happier ka faraxsan, happiest ugu faraxsan
healthy (helthii) caafimaad, healthier ka caafimaad, healthiest ugu caafimaad
heavy (hevii) culus, heavier ka culus, heaviest ugu culus
hungry (hanggrii) gaajo, hungrier ka gaajo, hungriest ugu gaajo
lazy (leyzii) caajis, lazier ka caajis, laziest ugu caajis
lucky (lakii) nasiib, luckier ka nasiib, luckiest ugu nasiib
thirsty (therstii) harraad, thirstier ka harraad, thirstiest ugu harraad
The words the same as can be used to indicate that things are identical in some way.
For example:
These shoes cost the same as those boots.
Qiimaha kabahan waa la mid kuwa buudadka.
The words similar to can be used to indicate that things resemble one another.
For example:
My jacket is similar to yours.
Koorkeygu waa la mid koorkaga.
The words different from can be used to indicate that things differ from one another.
For example:
His ideas are different from mine.
Ra'-yiigiisu waa ka duwan yahay kayga.
Adverbs
An adjective usually modifies a noun.
For example:
She is a beautiful girl.
Waa gabar qurux-badan.
An adverb usually modifies an adjective or a verb.
For example:
She dances beautifully.
Iyadu waa ciyaar qurxoontahay.
Most adverbs which answer the question "How?" are formed by adding ly to the corresponding adjectives.
For example:
Adjectives, and Adverbs formed by adding "ly"
beautiful, beautifully
cheap, cheaply
different, differently
quiet, quietly
slow, slowly
If the adjective ends in y, the letter y is usually changed to i before ly is added.
For example:
Adjectives, and Adverbs formed by adding "ly"
busy mashquulasan, busily la mashuquley
easy sahlan, easily la sahlalay
happy faraxsan, happily laga faraxiyey
lucky nasiib-badan, luckily la nasiibsaday
The comparative form of an adverb is usually formed with the word more.
For example:
The bus travels more slowly than the plane.
Basku wuu ka gaabiyaa diyaarada.
The superlative form of an adverb is usually formed with the word most.
For example:
She dances the most beautifully of all the people.
Iyadu aya ugu ciyaar qurxoon dadka oo dhan.
The following adverbs are formed irregularly:
Adverb, Comparative Form of the Adverb and Superlative Form of the Adverb
badly (baadlii) xun, worse (wers) ka xun, worst (werst) ugu xun
well (wel) fiican, better (beter) ka fiican, best (best) ugu fiican
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5. MAGAC TILMAAMAHA IYO FAL TILMAAMAHA -
ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
Magac Tilmaamaha
Halkan waxaad ku aragtaan tusaalooyin magac tilmaamayaal:
cheap (chiip) jaban, raqiis, rakhiis ah
clean (kliin) nadiif, nadiifin
clever (klever) xariif
cold (koold) qabow, duray
dark (daark) mugdi, iftiin la 'an
full (fUl) buuxa
high (haay) kor, sarreya, meel sare, meel kore
long (long) dheer
low (loo) hoose, hooseya
old (oold) gaboobay, da' weyn, duq, duq nimo
poor (puur) sabool, ceyr, miskiin
quick (kwik) dhaqsi, degdeg
quiet (kwaayet) shanqar la 'aan, hadal la 'aan
rich (rich) maalqabeen, tajir
round (rawnd) goobabin sida kubbadda
short (shoort) gaaban
sick (sik) cudur, jiro
small (smol) yar, wax yar
soft (soft) jilicsan
sour (sawr) qaraar, xaraar
strong (strong) qawii, adag, kakan
stupid (stiuupid) dabal, nacas
sweet (swiit) macaan, mac
tall (tol) dheer
warm (worm) diran
weak (wiik) dhaciif, tabar-daran
young (yang) yar, dhalin yar, da' yar, cimri yar
Magac tilmaamaha Ingiriska sida badan ayaa la isticmaalayaa magac hortiisa ama fal ka dib.
Tusaale:
a tall tree geed dheer ah
The tree is tall. Geedku waa dheer yahay.
Qaabka labaad ee magac tilmaamaha inta badani waxaa loo isticmaalaa farqi isbarbardhig, mid, midka kale.
Tusaale:
He is taller than his brother.
Wuu ka dheer yahay walaalkiis.
Halkaan waxaa ah xeerarka qaabka labaad ee tilmaamayaasha:
1) Haddii magac tilmaamaha uu yar yahay, raaci er.
Tusaale:
Magac Tilmaamaha iyo Qaabka Labaad ee Magac Tilmaamaha
cold qabow, colder ka qabow
strong qawisan, adag, stronger ka qawisan, ka adag
tall dheer, taller ka dheer
young yar, younger ka yar
2) Haddii magac tilmaamaha uu dheer yahay, erayga more (moor) ayaa la isticmaalayaa magac tilmaamaha hortiisa.
Tusaale:
Magac Tilmaamaha iyo Qaabka Labaad ee Magac Tilmaamaha
beautiful (biuutifUl) qurxoon, quruxsan, more beautiful ka qurux-badan
difficult (difikalt) aan sahlanayn, adag, more difficult ka adag
important (impoortent) muhiimsan, more important ka muhiimsan
Erayga than ayaana inta badan la isticmaalaa, qaabka labaad ee magac tilmaamaha ka dib.
Tusaale:
The boy is older than the girl.
Inanku waa ka da' weyn yahay inanta.
The girl is more beautiful than her sister.
Inantu waa ka qurux-badan tahay walasheed.
Qaabka sedaxaad ee magac tilmaamaha inta badani waxaa loo isticmaalaa tilmaan farqi isbarbardhig hal ama in badani xubno ee koox ah ee kooxaha kale la la barbardhigaayo. Tusaale:
He is the tallest boy in the class.
Isagu waa wiilka ugu dheer fasalka.
Halkaan waxaa ah xeerarka qaabka sexadaad ee tilmaamayaasho:
1) Haddii magac tilmaamaha uu yar yahay, raaci est.
Tusaale:
Magac Tilmaamaha iyo Qaabka Sedaxaad ee Magac Tilmaamaha
cold qabow, coldest ugu qabow
strong qawisan, adag, strongest ugu qawisan, ugu adag
tall dheer, tallest ugu dheer
young yar, youngest ugu yar
2) Haddii magac tilmaamaha wuu dheer yahay, erayga most (moost) ayaa la isticmaalayaa magac tilmaamaha hortiisa.
Tusaale:
Magac Tilmaamaha iyo Qaabka Sedaxaad ee Magac Tilmaamaha
beautiful qurxoon, quruxsan, most beautiful ugu qurux-badan
difficult aan sahlanayn, adag, most difficult ugu adag
important muhiimsan, most important ugu muhiimsan
Erayga the ayaa inta badani la isticmaalaa qaabka sedaxaad ee magac tilmaamaha hortiisa. Meeleeye sida in inta badan waxaa loo isticmaalaa ka dib magaca oo la socodo qaabka sedaxaad ee magac tilmaamaha.
Tusaale:
The boy is the oldest child in the family.
Inanku waa ugu da' weyn yahay qoyska.
She is the most beautiful girl in the school.
Waa inanta ugu qurux-badan tahay dusiga.
Magac tilmaamayaasho soo socodo loo ma raac xeerarkraasi:
Magac Tilmaamaha, Qaabka Labaad ee Magac Tilmaamaha iyo Qaabka Sedaxaad ee Magac Tilmaamaha
bad (baad) xun, worse (wers) ka xun, worst (werst) ugu xun
good (gUd) fiican, better (beter) ka fiican, best (best) ugu fiican
far (faar) fog, farther (faarTHer) ama further (farTHer) ka fog, farthest (faarTHest) ama furthest (farTHest) ugu fog
little (lital) yar, less (les) ka yar, least (liist) ugu yar
many (menii) badan, more (moor) ka badan, most (moost) ugu badan
much (mach) badan, more (moor) ka badan, most (moost) ugu badan
Erayada much iyo many waa isku micno. Erayga many waxaa la isticmaalaa magacyada wadarta ah hortood.
Tusaale:
many apples tufaaxyo badan
many boys wiilal badan
many children caruur badan
Erayga much waxaa la isticmaalaa magacyada hortooda, kuwa aan laheyn qaab wadar.
Tusaale:
much money lacag badan
much rain roob badan
much rice bariis badan
Mararka qaarkooda hingaada way is badashaa marka er ama est ka raaciyo:
Haddii magac tilmaamaha ku dhmaanayo e, masax e dhig xagga hore er ama est raaci.
Tusaale:
Magac Tilmaamaha, Qaabka Labaad ee Magac Tilmaamaha iyo Qaabka Sedaxaad ee Magac Tilmaamaha
brave (breyv) geesi, braver ka geesi, bravest ugu geesi
large (larj) weyn, larger ka weyn, largest ugu weyn
late (leyt) dahid, later ka dahid, latest ugu dahid
true (truu) run, truer ka run, truest ugu run
Haddii magac tilmaamaha ku dhamaado hal shakhal-dheere oo ay raacdo hal shibanne, shibannihii isagoo la laba-laabaan marka er ama est la raacin.
Tusaale:
Magac Tilmaamaha, Qaabka Labaad ee Magac Tilmaamaha iyo Qaabka Sedaxaad ee Magac Tilmaamaha
big (big) weyn, bigger ka weyn, biggest ugu weyn
fat (faat) buuran, fatter ka buuran, fattest ugu buuran
hot (hot) kulul, hotter ka kulul, hottest ugu kulul
sad (saad) murugo, sadder ka murugo, saddest ugu murugo
thin (thin) caato, thinner ka caato, thinnest ugu caato
wet (wet) goyan, wetter ka goyan, wettest ugu goyan
Shibannayaasha w, x iyo y ma raacaan xeerarka.
Tusaale:
Magac Tilmaamaha, Qaabka Labaad ee Magac Tilmaamaha iyo Qaabka Sedaxaad ee Magac Tilmaamaha
low (loo) hoose, lower ka hoose, lowest ugu hoose
new (niuu) cusub, newer ka cusub, newest ugu cusub
slow (sloo) gaabin, slower ka gaabin, slowest ugu gaabin
Haddii magac tilmaamaha ku dhamaado shibanne oo ay raacdo y, xarafka y wuxuu isku badali i, er ama est hortooda.
Tusaale:
Magac Tilmaamaha, Qaabka Labaad ee Magac Tilmaamaha iyo Qaabka Sedaxaad ee Magac Tilmaamaha
busy (bizii) mashquul, busier ka mashquul, busiest ugu mashquul
dirty (dertii) wasakhsan, dirtier ka wasakhsan, dirtiest ugu wasakhsan
dry (draay) qalal, drier ka qalal, driest ugu qalal
empty (emptii) madhan, emptier ka madhan, emptiest ugu madhan
happy (haapii) faraxsan, happier ka faraxsan, happiest ugu faraxsan
healthy (helthii) caafimaad, healthier ka caafimaad, healthiest ugu caafimaad
heavy (hevii) culus, heavier ka culus, heaviest ugu culus
hungry (hanggrii) gaajo, hungrier ka gaajo, hungriest ugu gaajo
lazy (leyzii) caajis, lazier ka caajis, laziest ugu caajis
lucky (lakii) nasiib, luckier ka nasiib, luckiest ugu nasiib
thirsty (therstii) harraad, thirstier ka harraad, thirstiest ugu harraad
Erayada the same as ayaa la isticmaalaa marka ay shaygu, shayga kale la mid yahay.
Tusaale:
These shoes cost the same as those boots.
Qiimaha kabahan waa la mid kuwa buudadka.
Erayada similar to ayaa la isticmaalaa marka ay isku dhigmaan.
Tusaale:
My jacket is similar to yours.
Koorkeygu waa la mid koorkaga.
Erayada different from ayaa la isticmaalaa marka shayga ka duwan yahay shayga kale.
Tusaale:
His ideas are different from mine.
Ra'-yiigiisu waa ka duwan yahay kayga.
Fal Tilmaamaha
Magac tilmaamaha inta badani wuxuu qeexaa magac.
Tusaale:
She is a beautiful girl.
Waa gabar qurux-badan.
Fal tilmaamaha inta badani wuxuu qeexaa magac tilmaamaha ama falka.
Tusaale:
She dances beautifully.
Iyadu waa ciyaar qurxoontahay.
Fal tilmaamayaasha ee jawaab ka bixinaayo su 'aalaha "Sida?" inta badani waxaa qaabkiisu la raaciyaa ly magac tilmaamayaasha oo kale.
Tusaale:
Magac Tilmaamaha iyo Fal Tilmaamaha
beautiful, beautifully
cheap, cheaply
different, differently
quiet, quietly
slow, slowly
Haddii magac tilmaamaha ku dhamaado y, xarafka y waxaa isku badali i, ly hortooda.
Tusaale:
Magac Tilmaamaha iyo Fal Tilmaamaha
busy mashquulasan, busily la mashuquley
easy sahlan, easily la sahlalay
happy faraxsan, happily laga faraxiyey
lucky nasiib-badan, luckily la nasiibsaday
Qaabka labaad ee fal tilmaamayaasho inta badan waxaa qaab ahaan la isticmaalaa erayga more.
Tusaale:
The bus travels more slowly than the plane.
Basku wuu ka gaabiyaa diyaarada.
Qaabka sexadaad ee fal tilmaamayaasho inta badan waxaa qaab ahan la isticmaalaa erayga most.
Tusaale:
She dances the most beautifully of all the people.
Iyadu aya ugu ciyaar qurxoon dadka oo dhan.
Fal tilmaamayaasho soo socodo loo ma raac xeerarkraasi:
Fal Tilmaamaha, Qaabka Labaad ee Fal Tilmaamaha iyo Qaabka Sedaxaad ee Fal Tilmaamaha
badly (baadlii) xun, worse (wers) ka xun, worst (werst) ugu xun
well (wel) fiican, better (beter) ka fiican, best (best) ugu fiican
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