Common Features
- The following table defines features that are common to the Bourne, Korn and C-Shell. Note that the Korn Shell is an enhanced version of the bourne shell; therefore, the Korn shell includes all the features of the bourne shell.
SYMBOL/COMMAND MEANING/ACTION > Redirect Output >> Append to file < Redirect Input << Redirect Input | Pipe Output |& Start a process (ksh only) & Run process in background ; Separate commands on same line * Match any character(s) in filename ? Match single character in filename [ ] Match any characters enclosed ( ) Execute in subshell ` ` Substitute output of enclosed command " " Partial quote (allows variable and command expansion ' ' Full quote (no expansion) \ Quote following character $var Use value for variable $$ Process ID $0 Command name $* All arguments as simple words # Begin comment bg Background execution break Break from loop statements cd Change directory continue Resume a program loop echo Display output eval Evaluate arguments exec execute a new shell fg Foreground execution jobs Show active jobs kill Terminate running jobs shift Shift positional parameters stop Suspend a background job suspend Suspend a foreground job time Time a command
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