Common Features


 SYMBOL/COMMAND  MEANING/ACTION
 >  Redirect Output
 >>  Append to file
 <  Redirect Input
 <<  Redirect Input
 |  Pipe Output
 |&  Start a process (ksh only)
 &  Run process in background
 ;  Separate commands on same line
 *  Match any character(s) in filename
 ?  Match single character in filename
 [ ]  Match any characters enclosed
 ( )  Execute in subshell
 ` `  Substitute output of enclosed command
 " "  Partial quote (allows variable and command expansion
 ' '  Full quote (no expansion)
 \  Quote following character
 $var  Use value for variable
 $$  Process ID
 $0  Command name
 $*  All arguments as simple words
 #  Begin comment
 bg  Background execution
 break  Break from loop statements
 cd  Change directory
 continue  Resume a program loop
 echo  Display output
 eval  Evaluate arguments
 exec  execute a new shell
 fg  Foreground execution
 jobs  Show active jobs
 kill  Terminate running jobs
 shift  Shift positional parameters
 stop  Suspend a background job
 suspend  Suspend a foreground job
 time  Time a command

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