Tolkien developed the orcs along much different lines. In the beginning of Middle Earth the elves wandered through darkness. The dark one took and captured elves that dared to wander alone. He took them into his deep places and twisted them to suit his perposes. He could not make creatures of his own but could change those that already existed. When the elves emerged they were no longer elves but dark creatures that stood in mockery of them. Where the elves were tall and fare...these were stunted and ugly. They came to be called orcs.