Summary Table
13 Basic Characteristics Among Phyla
1. Tissue Organization
a. distinct tissue absent b. distinct tissue present
sponge all other groups
.
2. Symmetry
a. radial b. bilateral
cnidaria, hydra all other groups, except sponges which have no symetry
.
3. Body Cavity
a. acoelomate b. pseudocoelomate c. eucoelom
planaria roundworm all other groups
.
4. Openings to Digestive Tract
a. one b. two
hydra, planaria all other groups
.
5. Circulatory System
a. none b. open c. closed
sponge, hydra, planaria, roundworm clam, crayfish, grasshopper earthworm, clamworm, lancetlet, pig
.
6. Habitat
a. aquatic b. terrestrial c. parasitic
sponge, hydra, planaria, clam, lancelet earthworm, grasshopper, pig roundworm
7. Gas Exchange
a. skin b. gills c. lungs
clamworm, earthworm, hydra, lancelet clam, crayfish pig
.
d. spiracles/tracheae
grasshopper
.
8. Excretion
a. flame cells: planaria
b. nephridia: clamworm, earthworm, clam, lancelet
c. green glands: crayfish
d. Malpighian tubes: grasshopper
e. kidneys: pig
.
9. Locomotion
a. none/limited: sponge, hydra
b. swimming: clamworm, crayfish, lancelet
c. crawling: earthworm, planaria, roundworm
d. walking: crayfish, planaria, roundworm
.
10. Support Systems
a. external b. internal c. hydrostatic
clam, crayfish, grasshopper lancelet pig
.
11. Segmented Body
a. no b. yes
clam, roundworm, planaria clamworm, earthworm, crayfish, grasshopper, pig
.
12. Appendages
a. yes b. no
crayfish, grasshopper, pig, clamworm all others
.
13. Nervous System
a. nerve net: hydra
b. ventral nerve cord: grasshopper, crayfish
c. 2 ventral: planaria
d. dorsal nerve cord: lancelet, pig
e. v. &. d. cord: roundworm
.