LAURA (1)
The LAURA was a bark, a 3-masted sailing vessel, the front two (foremast and mainmast) square-rigged, the sternmost (mizzenmast) rigged fore-and-aft (for a pictorial representation of the major elements of the bark rig, see the Peabody Essex Museum's web page, "Rigging of American Sailing Vessels"). The LAURA was built by Peter Sager, of Vegesack, and launched on 26 March 1857. 196 Commerzlasten/442 tons register, 36,2 x 8,5 x 4,7 meters (length x breadth x depth of hold); Commercial Code signal letters Q.B.W.P. She was owned jointly by H. von Fischer, Bremen, and her captain, Hans Jurgen Wilmsen, of Vegesack, each of whom held a half share. Wilmsen was succeeded as captain by Louis Schmidt, also of Vegesack, who was succeeded in 1867 by Wilhelm Wilmsen; for part of that year H. Maass, first mate, acted as master, during Wilmsen's illness. On 22 September 1866, on a voyage from Bremen to Baltimore with 210 passengers, the LAURA was severely damaged by a hurricane, during the course of which 8 passengers were swept overboard and drowned. In 1874, the LAURA was sold to M. L. Stranne, of Foglavik, Sweden, who renamed her JOSEFINA; her new master was O. Berndtsson. On 24 January 1877, the JOSEFINA arrived at Buenos Aires from Bordeaux; in the course of unloading her cargo, the vessel caught fire, and became a total loss [Peter-Michael Pawlik, Von der Weser in die Welt; Die Geschichte der Segelschiffe von Weser und Lesum und ihrer Bauwerften 1770 bis 1893, Schriften des Deutschen Schiffahrtsmuseums, Bd. 33 (Hamburg: Kabel, c1993), p. 138, no. 58]. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 8 January 1998]

LAURA (2) See BRAGA .

LAURENTIAN
See POLYNESIAN.

LAURENTIC (1)
Laurentic [1] Built by Harland & Wolff, Belfast in 1908 as the "Alberta" but launched as the "Laurentic" 14,892 gross tons, length 550.4ft x beam 67.3ft, one funnel, two masts, three screws and a speed of 16 knots. Accommodation for 230-1st, 430-2nd and 1,000-3rd class passengers. Maiden voyage 29/4/1909 from Liverpool to Quebec and Montreal, on 13/9/1914 she was commissioned at Montreal as a transport for the Canadian Expeditionary Force. On 23/1/1917 she was sunk off Northern Ireland by a mine laid by the German submarine U.80 with the loss of 354 lives. After the Great War most of the UKP5 million bullion she was carrying was recovered. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Ted Finch]

LAURENTIC (2)
Laurentic [2] Built by Harland & Wolff in 1927 and launched on 16/6/1927. 18,724 gross tons, two funnels, two masts, three screws and a speed of 16 knots. Accommodation for 594-cabin class, 406-tourist class and 500-3rd class passengers. Maiden voyage Liverpool - New York on 12/11/1927, first voyage Liverpool - Quebec - Montreal on 27/4/1928. 3/10/1932 collided with the British vessel "Lurigethen" in Belle Isle Strait with some damage to both ships. 25/2/1934 last voyage Boston - Halifax - Liverpool. In 1934 she came under the control of the new Cunard-White Star Line and in July 1934 commenced running between Liverpool - Quebec and Montreal for two round voyages and was then put onto cruising. On 18/8/1935 she collided with the Blue Star line's "Napier Star" in the Irish Sea with the loss of six lives. In December of that year she was laid up at Southampton. In 1936 she made a trooping voyage to Palestine and in 1938 was laid up at Falmouth. On 24/8/1939 she was commissioned as an armed merchant cruiser and on 3/11/1940 was torpedoed and sunk by German submarine U.99 off Bloody Foreland, North Western Approaches, with the loss of 49 lives. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List byTed Finch]

LAZIO
See PALERMO (1) .

LECA
See JUNO.

LEERDAM
The "Leerdam" of 1885 was a 2,796 gross ton ship, built by Nederlandsche Stoomboot Mij, Fijenoord (Rotterdam) in 1881. Her details were - length 322.1ft x beam 40ft, straight stem, one funnel, two masts, iron construction, single screw and a speed of 10 knots. There was accommodation for 44-1st and 392-3rd class passengers. Built as a speculation for the builders and launched on 28/4/1881 as the "Nederland", in the absence of purchasers she ran for them on the North Atlantic. However, in 1882 she was bought by the Holland America Line and renamed "Leerdam". Her first Rotterdam - New York voyage started on 16/9/1882 and her first Amsterdam - New York voyage on 13/3/1883. On 7/6/1884 she resumed Rotterdam - New York sailings and on 1/10/1887 resumed Amsterdam - New York service. Her last voyage on this route commenced on 19/3/1889 and on 16/12/1889 she was sunk in collision with the British steamer "Gaw-Quan-Sin" in the North Sea with no loss of life, while on voyage from Rotterdam to Buenos Aires. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, vol.3, p.910] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 15 June 1998]

LEIBNITZ
See LIEBIG.

LEICESTERSHIRE
The "Leicestershire" was built by Harland & Wolff, Belfast in 1909 for the Bibby Line and was a sister ship to the "Gloucestershire". Her details were - 8,059 gross tons, length 467.2ft x beam 54.3ft x depth 31.7ft, one funnel, four masts, twin screw and a speed of 15 knots. There was accommodation for 230 single class passengers. She sailed from Birkenhead in September 1909 on her maiden voyage to India. In August 1914 she was taken over as an Indian Expeditionary Force transport until November when she was returned to her owners. In 1917 she was again taken over under the liners requisition scheme, and in 1918 spent some time carrying troops to North Russia to fight the Bolsheviks. She then made a voyage to Melbourne repatriating Australian troops. After this service she was returned to Bibby Line, rebuilt from coal to oil burning and modernised. Resumed service on the Rangoon route until 1930 when she was sold to the British National Exhibition Ship Co Ltd, who intended to run her round the Empire as a floating exhibition of British goods. Converted by Cammel Laird, Birkenhead, she was renamed "British Exhibitor" and in 1931 was opened in the Thames for inspection. However, in 1932 the company went into voluntary liquidation and the whole scheme was abandoned. The ship was then laid up at Southampton Water until purchased by Egyptian owners in 1933 to be used in the pilgrim trade between Egypt and Jeddah. Renamed "Zamzam", she continued in this trade until 1941 when, although a neutral ship and having stopped on demand, she was shelled and sunk in the Atlantic by the German raider "Tamesis" with heavy loss of life. ["Bibby Liner Leicestershire" by Capt.J.H.Isherwood, Sea Breezes Magazine, April 1951] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 23 June 1998]

LEINSTER
The Leinster built 1897 owned by the City of Dublin Steam Packet Company. Set sail in appalling weather on morning of October 10 1918 from Kingstown bound for Holyhead with 680 passengers under the command of Captain W Birch. Not far out she was hit by two torpedoes fired from a German submarine. Due to the rough weather most people were lying in their bunks at the time and there was much confusion... altogether 480 people lost their lives, including 22 Post Office officials sorting mail - the captain lost an eye, was rescued but drowned later when the rescue boat capsized in the rough sea. [Posted to The ShipsList by Debbie Beavis - 9 January 1998]

I have just come across an article by the late J.Isherwood on the "Leinster" and her sisters. He says that it was a 3,069 gross ton ship, with a length of 372ft and a speed of 23 knots. It is interesting to note that, although she had capacity for 1,400 passengers she was carrying well below her capacity with 680 passengers plus 70 crew when sunk or the tragedy would have been a lot worse. What, of course makes it all the more tragic, is that it happened only a month before the Armistice. Kingstown is now called Dun Laoghaire (I hope I've spelled that right!) and is the Irish terminus for the Dublin - Holyhead Ferry. [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 9 January 1998]

LEIPZIG
The "Leipzig" was a 2,388 gross ton ship, built by Caird & Co, Greenock in 1869 for North German Lloyd of Bremen. Her details were - length 290.2ft x beam 39ft, clipper stem, one funnel, two masts (rigged for sail), iron construction, single screw and a speed of 10 knots. There was accommodation for 84-1st and 600-3rd class passengers. Launched on 13/2/1869, she sailed from Bremen on her maiden voyage to Southampton and Baltimore in May 1869. On 13/1/1872 she commenced the first of five Bremen - New York voyages and in 1883 her engines were compounded by Henniges, Bremen. She started her last Bremen - Baltimore crossing on 12/5/1886 and was subsequently used on the S.American service. She started her last voyage on 19/5/1894 and was sold to Hamburg owners the same year. In 1898 she was scrapped at Hamburg. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.2, p.547] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 14 February 1998]

LENOR
See HUMBOLDT (2) .

LEONARD WOOD
See WESTERN WORLD.

LEOPARD
See FLAMINGO.

LEOPOLDINA
See BLUCHER.

LEROS
See SLAVONIA.

LES ALPES
See BRITISH PRINCESS.

LES ANDES
See BRITISH PRINCE.

LESSING
The steamship LESSING was built by A. Stephen & Sons, Glasgow, for the Adler (Eagle) Line, and launched on 29 February 1874. 3,496 tons; 114,32 x 12,20 meters (375.1 x 40 feet, length x beam); straight bow, 1 funnel, 2 masts; iron construction, screw propulsion, service speed 13 knots; passenger accommodation: 90 1st-, 100 2nd-, and 800 steerage-class. 28 May 1874, maiden voyage, Hamburg-New York. 4 May 1875, last voyage, Hamburg-Plymouth-Cherbourg-Hamburg (last voyage of the Adler Line). 1875, purchased by Hamburg American Line. 1 March 1876, first voyage, Hamburg-Havre-New York. 1882, rebuilt; 2 funnels. 22 April 1888, last voyage, Hamburg-Havre-New York. 1888, became NERTHE (Messageries Maritimes). 1897, scrapped at Marseilles [Noel Reginald Pixell Bonsor, North Atlantic Seaway; An Illustrated History of the Passenger Services Linking the Old World with the New (2nd ed.; Jersey, Channel Islands: Brookside Publications), vol. 1 (1975), p. 392. Pictured in Michael J. Anuta, Ships of Our Ancestors (Menominee, MI: Ships of Our Ancestors, 1983), p. 174, courtesy of the Peabody Essex Museum, East India Square, Salem, MA 01970.

The steamship LESSING, Captain Voss, made its regular call at Havre, from which it sailed for New York on 19 November 1881. The North Atlantic was pounded by a series of hurricanes in November 1881, which severely damaged many vessels. In one of these hurricanes, on 23 November, in lon. 21 W, the LESSING suffered severe damage, inter alia breaking her rudder head in two places. The crew used steel cables to steady the rudder, and set a course for Plymouth, Cornwall, where she arrived, under tow, on 29 November; one of her quartermasters was seriesly injured and expected to die. The cargo and steerage passengers remained in Plymouth until transferred to the steamship RHENANIA, Captain Barends, which sailed from Hamburg on 5 December, and made a special call at Plymouth on 11 December. The RHENANIA, carrying the steerage passengers from the LESSING, reached New York on 25 December 1881; you will find the passenger manifest for this voyage in National Archives Microfilm Publication M237, roll 445, a copy of which you can borrow through AGLL, any LDS (Mormon) Family History Center (Family History Library microfilm #1027015), or Interlibrary Loan. The LESSING underwent essential repairs at Plymouth and then returned to Hamburg, where she was rebuilt in 1882. {Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 14 November 1997]

LETITIA
The "Letitia" was built in 1924 by the Fairfield Co, Glasgow for the Donaldson Line of Glasgow. She was a 13,475 gross ton ship, length overall 538ft x beam 66.4ft, one funnel, two masts, twin screw and a speed of 15 knots. There was accommodation for 516-cabin and 1,000-3rd class passengers. Launched on 14/10/1924, she sailed from Glasgow on her maiden voyage to Liverpool, Quebec and Montreal on 24/4/1925, and she ran a joint service with the ill-fated "Athenia" to Quebec and Montreal in the summer and Halifax and St John NB in the winter. In 1927 her accommodation was altered, to carry 298-cabin, 310-tourist and 964-3rd class passengers. In 1939 she was requisitioned by the Admiralty and commisioned as an Armed Merchant Cruiser. She later became a troopship and was extensively damaged in 1943 and was temporarily repaired in the USA. In 1944 she was taken over by the Canadian Government and converted into a hospital ship with a medical staff of 200 and a capacity for 1,000 wounded. Over the next year or so she carried over 7,000 sick and wounded back to Canada and was on her way to the Pacific theatre of war when Japan surrendered. She was then used for the repatriation of Canadian troops and families. While still engaged in this work, she was sold in 1946 to the Ministry of Transport and renamed "Empire Brent". While on route to Halifax in 1947, she collided with and sank the SS "Stormont" in the River Mersey and had to be drydocked in Birkenhead with stem damage. In December 1947, she was completely overhauled on the Clyde and refitted as a troopship. Used for trooping voyages to India and the Far East until 1949 when she commenced an emigration service between the UK and Australia with a capacity for 965 emigrants. Withdrawn from this service late in 1950, she was laid up for about six months and was then completely reconditioned as a New Zealand emigrant ship with accommodation for 1,088 passengers in two-, four-, and six berth cabins. Renamed "Captain Cook", her ownership was to pass gradually to the New Zealand government, who were paying for her by instalments. She commenced sailings from Glasgow via Panama to Wellington on 5/2/1952, taking about 33 days, sometimes being used to repatriate troops from the Far East on the return voyage. From April to October 1955 she was chartered to Donaldsons and made seven round voyages between Glasgow, Liverpool and Montreal, but then went back to the New Zealand service. In 1957 she had a fire while in Wellington, but was able to sail to the UK for repairs and in December of that year was chartered to Holland and brought back 1,000 refugees from Jakarta. She arrived at Glasgow at the end of her 25th New Zealand voyage in February 1960, was laid up at Falmouth and was then sold to British Iron and Steel Corporation, towed to Inverkeithing and broken up. [Donaldson Atlantic Liner "Letitia" of 1925 by Captain J.H.Isherwood, Sea Breezes Magazine, September 1967] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 13 May 1998]

LEVIATHAN (1)
See GREAT EASTERN.

LEVIATHAN (2)
See VATERLAND.

LIEBIG
This is the Hamburg sailing ship LIEBIG, which was built in Bath, ME, in 1856, and launched as the OLIVER MOSES. I have no information on the early history of the OLIVER MOSES, as there is no reference to her in William Armstrong Fairburn, Merchant Sail (6 vols.; Center Lovell, ME: Fairburn Marine Educational Foundation, [1945-1955]). However, there should be some information in George A. Preble and F. S. Partridge, A complete schedule of vessels built and registered in the district of Bath, Maine, commencing at 1783, giving rig, name, tonnage, where built, first master, registering owner, and hailing port (Bath, ME: Fen G. Parker, 1878), and the Maine Maritime Museum, 243 Washington St., Bath, ME 04530, may have additional information not available elsewhere. In 1861 or 1862, the OLIVER MOSES was sold to British interests, and renamed VANCOUVER, under which name she appears in the annual volumes of Lloyd's Register of Shipping for 1862/63-1867/68: ship VANCOUVER, R. Peck, master, 1101 tons, 179.1 x 36.2 x 23.7 feet (length x beam x depth of hold), built in the United States in 1856, owned by "W de M'ttos" [crossed out in the Register for 1867/68], registered in London, surveyed in Cardiff, destined voyage Vancouver. It is important to note that Lloyd's Register often continues to print outdated information on vessels sold abroad for several years after the sale. In fact, on 14 December 1864, the VANCOUVER was sold by Gillespie, Churchill & Co., mortgagees, for 6,500 pounds sterling, to the Hamburg shipowner Bernhard Wencke, who in turn ceded her, on 23 December 1864, to the Hamburg shipowner Robert Miles Sloman, who renamed her LEIBNITZ. On 22 April 1865, Sloman sold 1/8 shares in the vessel to J. C. Jorgensen, Fr. L. Loesener, and Bernhard Wencke, for a total of 33,129/4/- Marks Banco, which probably represents a mortgage on the unpaid balance of the purchase price; on 10 May 1867, Sloman re-acquired Wencke's 1/8 share, to increase his share in the vessel to 6/8. The LEIBNITZ was rated in Hamburg records at 446 Commerzlasten, and 192.4 x 34.8 x 23.4 Hamburg feet (length x beam x depth of hold). She was renamed LIEBIG on 27 April 1868. Master: 1865-1866 - J. P. M. Stolzenberg; 1867-1870 - H. F. C. W. Bornhold. Voyages: 1865-1867 - La Plata/intermediate ports/Valparaiso/Baker Island, South Pacific; 1867 - Quebec; 1867-1868 - New York/Liverpool; 1868-1870 - Quebec/intermediate ports/Callao; 1870 - Baker Island; On 12 December 1870, the LIEBIG became a total loss at Baker Island [Walter Kresse, ed., Seeschiffs-Verzeichnis der Hamburger Reedereien, 1824-1888, Mitteilungen aus dem Museum fur Hamburgische Geschichte, N. F., Bd. 5. (Hamburg: Museum fur Hamburgische Geschichte, 1969), vol. 2, pp. 213 and 215; Ernst Hieke, Rob. M. Sloman Jr., errichtet 1793, Veroffentlichungen der Wirtschaftsgeschichtlichen Forschungestelle e.V., Hamburg, Bd. 30 (Hamburg: Verlag Hanseatischer Merkur, 1968), p. 376].[Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 10 November 1997]

LIGHTNING
The "Lightning" was one of the most famous of the "Colonial" clippers. She was built by Donald Mackay for James Baines's Black Ball Line in the winter of 1853-4 as a three masted, ship rigged vessel. Her registered tonnage was 1468, length 244ft, beam 44ft, height of mainmast 164ft and she spread over 13,000 yards of sail. She left Liverpool on her maiden voyage on 15.5.1854 under the command of Capt."Bully" Forbes, and reached Port Phillip Heads on 31st July, a passage of 77 days and returned to Liverpool, via Cape Horn, in the record time of 64 days. In 1855, she came under the command of Capt. Enright and gained a reputation as the best run emigrant ship as could be found. In 1855 the "Lightning" took out 47 saloon, 53 second cabin, 20 intermediate and 253 steerage passengers, the crew numbering 87, a total of 495 persons. The "Lightning" was an extremely well documented ship and the Australian National Maritime Museum hold a lot of information on her. They have a website at http://www.anmm.gov.au [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Ted Finch - 18 September 1997]

Just two small additions to Ted's excellent account:

1. James Baines's Black Ball Line is the "Australian" Black Ball Line, which is in no way connected with the Black Ball Line of sailing packets that ran between New York and Liverpool from 1818 to 1878.

2. For a history of the (Australian) Black Ball Line, see Dave Hollett, Fast Passage to Australia: the History of the Black Ball, Eagle and White Star Lines (London: Fairplay, 1986).[Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 18 September 1997]

LIGURIA (1)
The "Liguria" of 1902 was built by G.Ansaldo & Co. of Sestri Ponente in 1901 for Navigazione Generale Italiana. She was a 4865 gross ton vessel, length 403ft x beam 46.6ft, one funnel, two masts, single screw and a speed of 14 knots. She had accommodation for 56-1st class and 1,194-3rd class passengers. Launched on 15/1/1901 she sailed from Naples on her maiden voyage to New York on 16/2/1901. On 8/3/1909 she went to the Italian company La Veloce who ran her between Genoa, Naples and New York until 21/4/1909 when she left Genoa on her last voyage. She was sold to a Russian company in 1911 and renamed "Affon". Scrapped in 1928. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Ted Finch - 12 September 1997]

LIGURIA (2)
(Of 1935) See MELITA (2).

LIMBURGIA
See RELIANCE.

LINCOLN CITY
See CHICAGO (2).

The "Lincoln City" was built by William Gray & Co, West Hartlepool for the Direct Scandinavian & American Steamship Co Ltd of West Hartlepool. She was a 2,729 gross ton ship, length 301ft x beam 40ft, straight stem, one funnel, two masts (rigged for sail), iron construction, single screw and a speed of 10 knots. There was accommodation for 20-1st, 30-2nd and 700-3rd class passengers when built, but the 2nd and steerage class was removed when the ship was sold to Thos Wilson. Launched on 29/3/1884 for a new service from Stockholm to North American ports, this service quickly proved unprofitable, and later the same year she was transferred to Christopher Furness and employed on his London - Halifax and Boston service. In February 1885 she was purchased by Thomas Wilson, Sons & Co of Hull and renamed "Chicago". She commenced sailings from Hull to Boston and New York on 9/3/1885 and started her last Hull - New York voyage on 13/4/1898. On 21/7/1898 she was renamed "Salerno" and started Newcastle - Dundee - New York sailings on 23rd July. She commenced her last Newcastle - New York voyage on 18/11/1900 and was sold to G.A.MacBeth & Robert Moorehead, Glasgow on 14.12.1900. In 1901 she was resold to A/S Salerno (W.Wilhelmsen, manager), of Tonsberg and on 30/6/1905 was wrecked on Lichfield Shoal, off Halifax, NS while on passage from Cadiz to St John, NB with a cargo of salt. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, vol.3, p.1033] [Wilson Line by John Harrower] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 29 April 1998]

The LINCOLN CITY was built by W Gray & Co, West Hartlepool (engines by T.Richardson & Sons, Hartlepool), and launched on 29 March 1884, for the Direct Scandinavian & American Steamship Co (in which Christopher Furness, co-founder of the Furness Line had a financial interest), to undertake a new passenger and cargo service between Stockholm and the United States. 2,729 tons; 301 x 40 x 22.6 feet (length x breadth x depth of hold); straight bow, 1 funnel, 2 masts; iron construction, screw propulsion (twin-compression engines), service speed 10 knots; accommodation for 20 passengers in 1st class, 30 in 2nd class, and 700 in steerage. June 1884, first voyage, Stockholm-New York. Then transferred to Christopher Furness, who placed her in the London-Halifax-Boston trade. 20 November 1884, purchased by the Wilson Line, of Hull. 1885, renamed CHICAGO. 9 March 1885, first voyage, Hull-Boston-New York. January 1891, Antwerp-New York service. 13 April 1898, last voyage, Hull-New York. 1898, renamed SALERNO. 23 July 1898, first voyage, Newcastle-Dundee-New York. 18 November 1900, last voyage, Newcastle-New York. 14 December 1900, sold to W. Wilhelmsen, Tonsberg, Norway. 30 June 1905, wrecked on Lichfield Shoal, Halifax, Nova Scotia, on a passage from Cadiz, Spain, to St. John, New Brunswick [Noel Reginald Pixell Bonsor, North Atlantic Seaway; An llustrated History of the Passenger Services Linking the Old World with the New (2nd ed.; Jersey, Channel Islands: Brookside Publications), vol. 3 (1979), pp. 957, 959, 964, 1021-1022, 1033; Arthur G. Credland and Michael Thompson, The Wilson Line of Hull, 1831-1981; The Rise and Fall of an Empire (Cherry Burton, Beverley, East Yorkshire: Hutton Press, c1994), p. 55].- [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 8 Augsut 1998]

LIPSOS
See GOTHIA.

LITUANIA
The "Lituania" was built by Barclay, Curle & Co.Ltd, Glasgow in 1915 as the "Czaritza" for the Russian American Line. She was a 6,598 gross ton ship, length 440ft x beam 53.4ft, two funnels, two masts, twin screw and a speed of 15 knots. There was accommodation for 30-1st, 242-2nd and 1,052-3rd class passengers. Launched on 14/2/1915, she ran on the New York service for the Russian American Line and in 1917 came under Cunard management, keeping the same name. In 1921 she went to the Baltic American Line and was renamed "Lituania", commencing her first voyage on 8/2/1921 when she sailed from Libau to Danzig, Copenhagen, Boston and New York. In Dec.1924 she was rebuilt to carry 290-cabin and 500-3rd class passengers, and in Feb.1926 was rebuilt again to accommodate 110-cabin, 180-tourist and 500-3rd class passengers. On 19/2/1930 she commenced her last voyage from Danzig to Copenhagen, Halifax and New York and was then sold to the Gdynia America line of Poland who renamed her "Kosciuszko" and ran her between Poland and New York and S.America. In 1940 she went to the Polish Navy and was renamed "Gdynia" and in 1946 was taken over by the British and named "Empire Helford". She was scrapped at Blyth in 1950. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.4,p.1512] There is a photograph of this ship as the "Czaritza" in North Atlantic Seaway, vol.3. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Ted Finch - 16 October 1997]

LIVARDEN
The Norwegian "Livarden" was a cargo ship built by F.Schichau, Elbing in 1928 for H.C.Horn of Hamburg as the "Heinz Horn", and was 4,091 gross tons. At the end of WWII she was earmarked for transfer to Holland, but this does not appear to have happened, and she eventually passed to the Norwegian shipowner, Johan Eliassen of Bergen in 1947. She was then renamed "Livarden" and stayed with this company until 1954 when she was purchased by the Crete Shipping Co of London. She was renamed "Crete Avon" in 1954. On October 7th 1955 she broke down while 400 miles West of the Azores while on passage from Antwerp to Havana with a cargo of iron and steel. The ship's engineers tried for nine days to repair her and she was eventually towed to Ponta Delgada by the Dutch tug "Thames". After it was discovered that she had a fractured crankshaft, she was towed to Falmouth, where she lay for 4 months and was eventually towed to the Mersey for repairs. I don't have any later information on this ship. [Sea Breezes magazine, April 1956.] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 17 March 1998]

LIVELY
Lloyd's Register of Shipping for 1811 lists no fewer than 31 sailing vessels with the name "Lively":
1. Ship Lively, R. Fenwick, master, 320 tons, single deck with beams, built in Sunderland, in her 12th year [in 1811], owned by E. Watt, surveyed in London, destined voyage Quebec.
2. Brig Lively, J. Graham, master, 158 tons, single deck with beams, built in Workington [Cumberland, England], in her 26th year [in 1811], owned by Thompson, surveyed in Liverpool, destined voyage Quebec.
3. Brig Lively, J. McBride, master, 115 tons, single deck with beams, built in Ayre, in her 3rd year [in 1811], owned by Cowan & Co., surveyed in Greenock, destined voyage Quebec. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 14 July 1997]

LIVERPOOL (1)
The ship S.S.Liverpool was built 1838 at Liverpool Humble & Milcrest yard, in service 1838-1840 1050 tons, 223 x 31 2 funnels, 3 masts, wood hull, side paddle, 7 1/2 knots....34 passengers aft in cabins, 64 passengers foreward in dormitory's...sold 1839 to P. & O. Line and renamed Great Liverpool....wrecked 1846 off Cape Finisterre. [Posted to The ShipsList by Paul Petersen - 11 October 1997]

LIVERPOOL (2)
The LIVERPOOL was a square-rigged 3-masted sailing ship, built in 1843 by Brown & Bell, of New York. 1077 tons, 175' 6" x 36' 6" x 22' 3" (length x beam x depth of hold). She had the longest continuous line service of any sailing packet: 1843-1849 in the Liverpool New Line, 1849-1855 in the Liverpool Blue Swallowtail Line, and 1855-1880 in the London Red Swallowtail Line [Robert G. Albion, Square-riggers on Schedule; The New York Sailing Packets to England, France, and the Cotton Ports (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1938), pp. 280-283]. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 13 September 1997]

LIVERPOOL PACKET
Ship LIVERPOOL PACKET, J. Birkett, master; 376 tons; built Boston, in her 9th year; owner: McCalmnt; draught when loaded: 16 feet; port of survey: Liverpool; destined voyage: Philadelphia. Lloyd's Registerfor 1820 [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 18 August 1997]

LIVONIA
Built by Flensburger Schiffbau, Flensburg in 1902 as the "Prins Valdemar" for the Danish owned East Asiatic Company. She was a 5,554 gross ton ship, length 390ft x beam 49ft, two funnels, two masts, single screw and a speed of 13 knots. Launched on 15th May 1902, she was transferred to the Russian American Line in 1907 and renamed "Livonia". Her first North Atlantic voyage started on 4th March 1907 when she sailed from Libau for Rotterdam and New York. She started one more round voyage on this route on 3rd June 1907 and then went back to the East Asiatic Co and was renamed "Indien". On 31st March 1918 she was torpedoed and sunk by a German Submarine in the Atlantic. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, vol.3, p.1354-5] - [E-mail from Ted Finch - 6 August 1998]

LLOYD
See HALLE.

L. M. KENNETT
According to the New Orleans Daily Picayune, the L. M. KENNETT, Capt. John Boffinger, sailed from New Orleans for St. Louis on Friday, 24 March 1854, at 4 P.M. This vessel was a side-wheel packet built in Cincinnati in 1852. 276 x 34 x 6 2/3 feet (length x beam x depth of hold); wood hull; engines, inside diameter of cylinder 30 in, length of stroke 10 ft; 4 boilers. Primarily a freight boat in the St. Louis-New Orleans trade. Commanded by Capt. John Boffinger in 1854, H. Switzer in 1859, and J.R. Kerch in 1861. Dismantled and the hull used as a wharfboat [Frederick Way, Jr., Way's Packet Directory, 1848-1994; Passenger Steamboats of the Mississippi River System Since the Advent of Photography in Mid-Continent America (revised edition; Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 1994), p. 273, no. 3308]. - [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 13 March 1998]

LOMBARDIA (1)
The "Lombardia" was built by G. Ansaldo & Co. at Sestri Ponente in 1901 for Navigazione Generale Italiana. She was a 4815 gross ton vessel, length 403ft x beam 46.6ft, one funnel, two masts, single screw and a speed of 14 knots. There was accommodation for 58-1st class and 1,302-3rd class passengers. She was launched on 24/4/1901 and sailed from Naples on her maiden voyage to New York on 12/6/1901. On 16/3/1909 she commenced running for the Italian company, La Veloce between Genoa, Naples and New York for two round voyages, the second commencing 29/4/1909 and on 29/3/1911 left Genoa on her last run to Naples, Palermo and New York. Sold to Russia in 1911 and renamed "Jerousalim", she was finally scrapped in 1928. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Ted Finch - 9 September 1997]

LOMBARDIA (2)
(of 1935) See RESOLUTE.

LONDON
LONDON, Hull 34. The LONDON was the second of two identical packet ships built by William H. Webb of New York, for Grinnell, Minturn & Company in late 1847 and 1848. The ship YORKTOWN was completed first, followed three months later by the ship LONDON. Both ships were originally built with two decks, but years later each ship acquired a third deck. LONDON measured 170 feet by 38 feet 3 inches by 22 feet 3 inches. Her tonnage was 1145, five tons less than YORKTOWN. She was built for Grinnell, Minturn & Company's Red Swallowtail Line to London, but was later transferred to the Blue Swallowtail line to Liverpool in 1849. Through the years she could be found on the London or Liverpool routes. She was still running the London route in 1864, but was later sold to British owners. She received the unfortunate honor of the ship to make the westbound passage in 85 days, the second worst time for that route. [E-mail from Sue Nola - 23 November 1997]

LONE STAR STATE
See PRESIDENT HARDING.

LONG ISLAND
See SEVEN SEAS.

LORD BROUGHAM
According to Walter Kresse, Seeschiffs-Verzeichnis der Hamburger Reedereien 1824-1888, Mitteilungen aus dem Museum fur Hamburgische Geschichte, N.F. 5 (Hamburg: Museum fur Hamburgische Geschichte, 1969), Teil 2, S. 213, the "Lord Brougham" was a full-rigged sailing ship, built in 1857 in Belfast, Maine, as the "Emily Gardiner". She was registered in Boston on 12 August 1859. The "Emily Gardiner" was purchased in Boston on 2 November 1861 from the owner, Gardiner, for $34,000 by the Hamburg shipping firm of Robert M. Sloman, who renamed her the "Lord Brougham". Her tonnage at the time of purchase are given in the Hamburg ship registration records as 363 Commerzlasten (1002.6 long, or 1122.9 short tons), and her measurements "zwischen den Steven" as 170.6 x 32 x 23.8 hamburgische Fusse (160.4 x 30.1 x 22.4 English feet; length, beam, and depth). On 20 November 1870, during the Franco-Prussian War, the "Lord Brougham" was captured by a French corvette near St. Catherine's lighthouse (presumably the lighthouse near St. Catherine's Point, on the southwestern coast of the Isle of Wight); she was condemned by a French prize court on 11 January 1871, and auctioned [Ernst Hieke, Rob. M. Sloman Jr., errichtet 1793, Veroffentlichungen der Wirtschaftsgeschichtlichen Forschungsstelle e. V., Hamburg, Bd. 30 ([Hamburg] Verlag Hanseatischer Merkur [1968]), p. 375]. For her subsequent history as the "Brethene", you should check the Registre Veritas, the French/Continental equivalent to Lloyd's Register of Shipping. The volumes of the Registre Veritas for 1829-1985 have been microfilmed, and you should be able to obtain copies of the appropriate pages from either The Mariners' Museum, 100 Museum Dr., Newport News, VA 23606-3798, or the Peabody Essex Museum, East India Square, Salem, MA 01970 A large oil painting (142 x 85 cm) of the Lord Brougham, together with the ship Sir Robert Peel and the bark Sir Isaak Newton, is in the custody of the firm of Rob. M. Sloman, Baumwall 3, D-20549 Hamburg, Germany [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 22 June 1997]

LORD CLIVE
The "Lord Clive" was built by R & J Evans, Liverpool in 1871 for G.M.Papayanni of Liverpool. She was a 3,386 gross ton vessel, length 381ft x beam 40.1ft, one funnel, four masts, iron construction, single screw and a speed of 12 knots. I have no information on the number of passengers carried. Launched on 28/10/1871, she was chartered to the Dominion Line and commenced her first voyage for them on 15/9/1872 from Liverpool to Quebec and Montreal. On 7/11/1872 she started her first voyage from Liverpool to Boston and Portland and commenced her last voyage to Boston for this company on 9/7/1873. In Sept.1873 she went back to G.M.Papayanni management and stayed on the Liverpool - Boston service. On 15/12/1875 she was chartered to the American Line and sailed between Liverpool and Philadelphia until 1888 when she was bought by the Lord Clive SS Co. (American Line) but continued under the British flag, on the Liverpool - Philadelphia service until commencing her last voyage on 27/9/1893. In 1896 she went to Gastaldi & Co, Genoa and was renamed "Clive" but continued under the British flag and was chartered to Furness Line. They used her from 8/11/1896 between New York, Naples and Genoa until, after making her last voyage, commencing 1/3/1897 from Leghorn to Genoa, Naples and New York, she was scrapped in April 1898. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.2, p.803] [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 13 October 1997]

LORD DOWNSHIRE
The "Lord Downshire" was a 5223 gross ton ship, built by Workman Clarke & Co, Belfast in 1900 for the Lord Line of Belfast which was owned by Thomas Dixon & Sons. They ran between Irish and Bristol Channel ports to New York and southern ports of the USA. The company was taken over by the Ulster Steamship Co. [Head Line] and the "Lord Downshire" and "Lord Antrim" went to this company in 1917. She was sold to shipbreakers in 1929 and scrapped at Preston, Lancs. The company was still in existence in 1954. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Ted Finch - 12 September 1997]

LORD DUFFERIN
The LORD DUFFERIN was a 3-masted, square-rigged sailing ship built in Quebec by T. C. Lee in 1846, and re-registered at Belfast on 9 September 1846. 630/709 tons (old/new measurement); 134 x 28.1 x 21.1 feet (length x breadth x depth of hold) [Canadian National Archives, Record Group 42, vol. 1405 (original reference vol. 194), microfilm reel #C-2061, quoted in the Canadian Ship Information Database ; Frederick William Wallace, Record of Canadian Shipping; a list of square-rigged vessels, mainly 500 tons and over, built in the Eastern Provinces of British North America from the year 1786 to 1920 (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1929), abstracted online ; Eileen Reid Marcil, The Charley-Man; a history of wooden shipbuilding at Quebec, 1763-1893 (Kingston, Ontario: Quarry Press, 1993)]. According to Lloyd's Register of Shipping for 1860/61 and 1861/62, in 1861 her master was J. Johnston, she was owned by W. Haynes, she was registered and last surveyed (in 1859) in the port of Liverpool, and she was engaged in the South America trade. The LORD DUFFERIN last appears in Lloyd's Register for 1869/70, but since she had not been surveyed since 1859 it is possible she was either lost or "sold foreign" several years earlier. - [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 11 June 1998]

LORD GOUGH
The "Lord Gough" was built in 1878 by Laird Brothers, Birkenhead for G.M.Papayanni. Her details were 3,655 gross tons, length 382.8ft x beam 40.2ft, one funnel, four masts, iron construction, single screw and a speed of 12 knots. I have no information on her passenger accommodation. Launched in November 1878, she was chartered to the American Line and made her maiden voyage from Liverpool to Philadelphia in April 1879. In 1888 she was bought by the Lord Gough Steamship Co (American Line) but continued to sail under the British flag. She commenced her last Liverpool - Philadelphia voyage on 9/2/1895 and was sold in 1896 to the Aberdeen Atlantic Line. In 1898 she was resold and scrapped the following year at Genoa. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P.Bonsor, vol.3,p.940] [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 27 October 1997]

LORD SPENCER
See ZEELAND (1).

LORRAINE II
See LA LORRAINE.

LOUIS
The Bremen bark LOUIS, Heller, master, arrived at New York on 26 April 1853 (passenger arrival manifest dated 27 April 1853), 46 days from Bremen, with merchandise and 136 passengers. I cannot at present definitely identify this vessel, but she is probably the bark LOUIS, built in 1839 in Skellefstea, Sweden, by Nils Astrom and Erik Morklund. 180 Lasten (Bremen) /95 Commerzlasten (Hamburg); 97,3 x 22,1 x 15,1 Hamburg feet (1 Hamburger Fuss = .286 meters) (length x beam x depth of hold). She belonged originally to the Bremen firm of Louis F. Kalkmann & Co, in 1841/42 to Ludering & Co, and from 1842 to 1861 again to Louis F. Kalmann & Co. On 11 June 1861, she was purchased by the Hamburg shipowners Johann Hinrich Meyer and Hinrich Christian Piening, who renamed her LOUISE HELENE, and placed her in the North Sea trade, primarily to the British ports of Hartlepool, Sunderland, and Shields. In 1867, she was sold to Netherlands interests. Her later history and ultimate fate are unknown [Walter Kresse, ed., Seeschiffs-Verzeichnis der Hamburger Reedereien, 1824-1888, Mitteilungen aus dem Museum fur Hamburgische Geschichte, N. F., Bd. 5. (Hamburg: Museum fur Hamburgische Geschichte, 1969), vol. 2, p. 55; Johannes Lachs, Schiffe aus Bremen; Bilder und Modelle im Focke-Museum (Bremen: H. M. Hauschild, [1994]), p. 71, no. 46]. The work by Lachs contains a color reproduction of a painting of the LOUIS, signed C. J. Fedeler 1841. - [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Michael Palmer - 3 August 1998]

LOUISA CAMPBELL
My G G Grandfather Richard Peter Pink Lambeth, his wife (Maria Gloyns) and some of his children travelled from England (not sure which port) to Launceston Tasmania (Van Diemen's Land as it was known at that time) in1838 - arriving before August of that year. The ship did two trips in 1838. To date I know from Lloyd's shipping list that it was owned by Campbell & ? (did not show second name but would like to know). It was later shown as being owned by Gordon & ? (again did not show second name but would like to know - as well as date it was sold). Lloyd's also said it was 287 tons (Log of Logs said 350 tons) Can anyone please explain the difference? It was built in Yarmouth in 1834. It suffered storm damage in 1845 on a trip between Nelson (NZ?) and Pt Nicholson (NZ?). On the 11 May 1847 it was wrecked near Cape Farewell after leaving Nelson NZ. - {Posted to The ShipsList by Ian Butterworth - 24 January 1998]

LOUISE HELENE
See LOUIS.

LOUISIANA
The LOUISIANA was a 3-masted, square-rigged ship, 245 Commerzlasten/645 tons; 37 x 9,9 x 5,8 meters (length x beam x depth of hold). She was built by H[ermann] F[riedrich] Ulrichs, of Vegesack/F"ahr, for the Bremen firm of D. H. Watjen & Co, for the New Orleans trade, and launched on 26 August 1846. Because of the poor navigation conditions between Vegesack and Bremerhaven, the vessel was not delivered to her owners in Bremerhaven until 7 March 1847 (apparently the vessel had been mired in a shallow place in the Weser, until the spring floods raised the water level high enough to float her). 12 April 1847, H. Batjer, master, maiden voyage to New Orleans. Until 1853, she served in the packet trade between Bremerhaven and New Orleans, carrying emigrants to the latter port and returning to Europe with cargos of cotton and tobacco. Even after 1853, she continued to carry emigrants to the United States, as the following voyages indicate: 23 Jul 1853, from Bremerhaven to New York with 237 passengers; 02 Nov 1853, to London with wheat and flour. 06 Dec 1853, from Le Havre to Baltimore with 249 passengers; 21 Apr 1854, to London with oilcake and flour. 06 May 1854, from Bremerhaven to New York with 245 passengers; 27 Nov 1854, to Venice with tobacco; 12 Mar 1855, from Marseilles to Richmond, Virginia; 09 Sep 1855, to Bremerhaven with tobacco. Batjer was succeeded as master by N. Ostermann, H. Deicke, and finally D. Muller, who commanded the LOUISIANA until she was "sold Norwegian", to Peter Lund, of Arendal, for 16,000 Taler, in 1860. She sailed under the Norwegian flag for only a short time, being lost in 1863; the particulars of her loss, however, are not known [Peter-Michael Pawlik, Von der Weser in die Welt; Die Geschichte der Segelschiffe von Weser und Lesum und ihrer Bauwerften 1770 bis 1893, Schriften des Deutschen Schiffahrtsmuseums, Bd. 33 (Hamburg: Kabel, c1993), p. 271, no. 16].- [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing list by Michael Palmer - 17 Feb 1998]

LOUISVILLE
See SAINT LOUIS.

LOURDES
See RHENANIA.

LOYALIST
See BYRON.

LUCANIA (1)
(of 1892) See H.H. MEIER.

LUCANIA (2)
Lucania - (1893 - 1909) Gross Tonnage - 12,952. Dimensions - 183.17 x 19.87m. Number of funnels - 2. Number of masts - 2. Construction - Steel. Propulsion - Twin-screw.Engines - Ten-cylindered triple-expansion. Service speed - 21 knots. Builder - Fairfield Co.Ltd., Glasgow. Launch date - 2 February 1893. Passenger accommodation - 600 1st class, 400 2nd class, 1,0003rd class. The entry in to service of two new Cunarders, the Campania and Lucania, in 1893 really started the great international race for supremacyof the North Atlantic. At around this time Germany began to try to build up its mercantile and naval fleets to equal those of the British. Germany was becoming more influential in European politics, and although the two new vessels held the North Atlantic speed records for four years, from 1897 onwards German liners swept all opposition from the seas for the next ten years. The two ships were built on the Clyde at Govan and were enormous vessels in comparison to their contemporaries. The Lucania was launched on 2 February by the Chairman of Fairfields, Sir William Pearce MP. On its maiden voyage on 2 September 1893 it set the record crossing from Liverpool to New York. The two sister ships continued to set new speed records and remained unchallenged until 1898 when the German liner, Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse, took all the Atlantic records and the Blue Riband. The Lucania continued to provide a highly efficient Liverpool to New York service for Cunard until 1909. Since the arrival of the Mauretania andLusitania, however, the Lucania was becoming surplus to requirements and spent some time each year laid up at Liverpool. In 1909 it made only one voyage to New York before being laid up in the Huskisson Dock, Liverpool. On 14 August 1909 a fire was discovered on board and by the time the firebrigade arrived the fire was out of control. By the early hours of the morning, with water still being pumped onto the ship, the Lucania took ona list. After being pulled upright by tugs it was towed to the middle of thedock and settled firmly in the mud. The blaze finally extinguished at noon.The Lucania was seriously damaged and the only part of the ship still intact was the engine-room bulkhead. Although there was still another two months until its next scheduled voyage it was decided, after inspection, that the damage was too great to make repairs a viable option. It was then sold to Thomas Ward, the shipbreakers, and soon sailed to Swansea to broken up. [From the Cunard Website - Submitted via E-mail by Batya Olsen - 20 December 1997]

LUCERNE
The "Lucerne" was a 1,925 gross ton steamer, length 291ft x beam 34.3ft, one funnel, three masts, iron construction, single screw and a speed of 11 knots. There was accommodation for 1st and 3rd class passengers. Built by Laird Bros, Birkenhead for the Allan Line, she was launched in March 1878 and commenced her maiden voyage from Glasgow for South America on 27/9/1878. Her first Glasgow - Halifax - Boston voyage started on 4/4/1879, and between 1879 - 1883 she sailed between Glasgow, Quebec and Montreal with one annual round voyage to South America. In 1884 she transferred to London - Quebec - Montreal or Halifax voyages plus one to S.America, and from 1889 onwards sailed mostly between Glasgow and S.America. On 19/3/1898 she commenced her last voyage from Glasgow to St John's NF and was sold the same year to A.Harvey & Co, St John's NF. She was wrecked on 3/2/1901 while on passage from Ardrossan to St John's NF. [North Atlantic Seaway by N.R.P. Bonsor, vol.1, p.315] - [Posted to The ShipsList by Ted Finch - 13 July 1998]

LUCY VINNEN
See ORANASIA .

LUDWIG
See HANSA (1).

LUIS VIVES
See ARIOSTO.

LURLINE
See MONTEREY (2) .

LUISIANA
The following is the History of they Steam Ship Luisiana. I obtained the information form the Steamship Historical Society of America, Inc. My great grand father traveled on it when bringing three of his sons back to America from Isola delle Femmine Italy.

Luisiana (1906) Lloyd Italiano - Built by Soc. Esercizio Bacini Riva Trigoso, Italy. Tonnage: 4,983. Dimensions: 393' x 48'. Twin-screw 141/2 knots. Triple expansions engines. Two mast and two funnels. Commenced Genoa-New York service April 1906. She also served in Italy-South America trade. Made her final voyage to New York in 1913. Sunk near Almeria in February 1917, while on voyage from Buenos Aires to Genoa. Sister ships: Florida, Indiana and Virgina. [E-mail from Mike Ventimiglia - 13 Dece mber 1997]

LUSITANIA (1)
"Lusitania" of 1901 wasn't the famous Cunarder but a vessel belonging to the German Hansa Line. She was built by Flensburger Schiffbau, Flensberg in 1883 as the "Baumwall". Her dimensions were 1629 gross tons, 256.6ft length x 33.9ft.beam, straight stem, one funnel, two masts, single screw and a speed of 10 knots. She sailed between Hamburg, Halifax, Quebec, Halifax, West Indies, and Rio de Janeiro. In 1889 she was sold to de Freitas and renamed "Lusitania" She was sunk in collision with the Spanish vessel "Amboto" on 12.8.1901. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Ted Finch - 14 July 1997]

LUSITANIA (2)
The "Lusitania" was owned by the Beaver Line [Elder Dempster & Co] which now trades UK - West Africa only. There was another "Lusitania" at the time belonging to de Freitas which was the ex-Baumwall of the Hansa Line, but it is almost certain that yours is the Beaver Line one. She was a 3912 ton iron vessel built in 1871 by Laird Brothers of Birkenhead for the Pacific Steam Nav. Co. Her dimensions were, length 379.9ft x beam 41.3ft, clipper stem, one funnel, three masts, single screw, speed 12 knots. Accommodation for 70-1st class, 85-2nd class and 700-3rd class passengers. In 1877 she inaugurated the Orient Line service to Australia and was re-engined in 1886. She became the "Lusitania" for Elder Dempster in 1900 and made her first voyage from Liverpool - Halifax - St John NB on 31.3.1900. In May 1901* made her first run Liverpool - Quebec - Montreal [ 2 round voyages]. In July 1900 she was resold to PSNC and bought back by Elder Dempster in Feb.1901. On 19.2.1901 she resumed the Liverpool - Halifax - St John NB service and on 26.6.1901 she was wrecked near Cape Race, with no loss of life. * NRP Bonsor's North Atlantic Seaway states May 1901 but I am sure this is a mistake and should read 1900. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by Ted Finch - 11 August 1997]

LUSITANIA (3)
THE LUSITANIA [1907 Cunard LIne] was one of only 14 four - stackers ever built. I believe it was sunk in the North Atlantic and Contributed, if not was the sole cause of the United States entering World War 1. There is a question as to the "torpedo therory" !! It is now questioned whether she hit a mine, laid weeks earlier , by a German submarine. Robart Ballard, Woods Hole Institute, California, investigated the wreckage of the Lusitania. It is thought now, that it was not a mine. The debris field , from point of explosion, to where Lusitania rests in her watery grave, shows NO EVIDENCE of a mine being at the point of explosion. Robert Ballard laid a Memorial Marker on Lusitania , naming it a Maritime Memorial. Ballard did this in hopes no one will disturb her resting place. Robert Ballard is also the discoverer of Titanic's grave location. [Posted to the Emigration-Ships Mailing List by M.L. Durse - 10 August 1997] [Correction by David Bell via E-mail 25 December 1997]