Antimatter

For every particle that we see in the universe, it is possible to produce an antiparticle. Every particle of antimatter has the same mass as it matter twin, but the particles have opposite charge and opposite magnetic characteristics. The antiparticle of the electron, for example, is a positively charged particle known as the positron. It has the same mass as the electron, but a positive electrical charge. Antinuclei, composed of antiprotons and antineutrons and orbited by positrons, can form antiatoms.

When a particle collides with its antiparticle, both masses are converted completely to energy in a process called annihilation, the most efficient and violent process that we know in the universe. The original particles disappear, and this means that energy appears as a spray of rapidly moving particles and electromagnetic radiation. This fact has long been adopted by science fiction writers in their description of futuristic weapons and power sources. (The starship Enterprise on Star Trek, for example, has matter and antimatter pods as its power source).

Although antimatter is fairly rare in the universe, it is routinely produces in particle accelerators. High-energy protons strike nuclear targets, and the energy of the particles is converted to equal number of other particles and antiparticles. Thus the evidence of antimatter is verified daily in laboratories.

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