Rfekn p`mem{i hkh sahr{i hcpnj qp`gs b{undhr hg an: q`dhrq m` jnprnwjh, ophfhl`er anebs~ w`qr| npsfh j gelke . Oph p`memhh psjh hcpnjs g`opeyemn onk|gnb`r|q p`memni jnmewmnqr|~ h hqonk|gnb`r| b an~ dbspswmne npsfhe. Oph p`memhh mnch hcpnj bn bpel an qr`bhr p`memms~ mncs m` gelk~ h me lnfer ank|xe ee oepeley`r|, onqke an lnfer oepedbhc`r|q rnk|jn x`c`lh p`glepnl q ecn qrsom~, r.e. ophqr`bk orjs ndmni mnch j mnqjs dpscni. Rfeknp`memm{i oepqnm`f me lnfer dbhc`r|q aeg onqrnpnmmei onlnyh, mn lnfer p`gcnb`phb`r|. On opnxeqrbhh 10 lhmsr sahr{i qkedser b qrp`ms leprb{u, ` rfeknp`memm{i aeg nj`g`mh onlnyh ophnaper`er qr`rsq sahrncn.

J`fd{i hcpnj q`l nrqkefhb`er h jb`khthvhpser onp`f`~yhe deiqrbh, m`op`bkemm{e opnrhb mecn. Jpnle mecn }rn op`bn hleer rnk|jn l`qrep nrqkefhb`~yhi ani.

Qonpyhi hcpnj (g`rebxhi hkh onddepfhb`~yhi - aegp`gkhwmn) qp`gs qwhr`erq leprb{l h dnkfem qkednb`r| b qrp`ms leprb{u.

Oph ono`d`mhh b cnknbs hkh b xe~ ono`bxhi ndeb`er aek{i u`ip`rmhj h m` 20 lhmsr b{a{b`er hg hcp{.

J3=1 Jnf`m{i, bniknwm{i dnqoeu, oph rnkyhme g`yhrmncn qkn me lemee 5 ll.

J3=2 Jnk|wsc` hg jnkev bmsrpemmhl dh`lerpnl me ank|xe, wel 2 ql, wexsiw`r{i dnqoeu.

JD=3 Dkhmm{i lew(r`c`m) oph psayel sd`pe, rnonp(ask`b`), qrpek` ksj`(q`lnqrpek`), ledbef| k`o`, jk{jh j`a`m`.

JD=4 Psayhi sd`p dbspswm{l rnonpnl(ask`bni), dbspswm{l lewnl, `pa`kerm{i ankr.

JD=5 Ok~qnbne npsfhe(nag`rek|mn }qrerhwmn b{onkmemmne), rpnkkhm{e dsahm{ h rnonp{, k`o` hkh ubnqr dp`jnm`, opnahb`~r k~ani dnqoeu, knl`~r yhr{ q oepbncn ono`d`mh, b{ahb`~r npsfhe hg psj.

Ophlew`mhe: B{p`femhel JD m` npsfhh asder lerj`(qjnpee bqecn p`gm{e vber` hgnkemr{ hkh qjnrw`, nangm`w`~yhe p`gm{i JD). R`jfe asdsr l`chweqjhe m`bnpnr{ m` npsfhe(ncnm|, unknd, qbrnqr| h r.d., wrn bnglnfmn asder onb{x`r| ecn JD h qbniqrb`). Nan bqel }rnl asder qnnayemn dnonkmhrek|mn.

Npsfhe h dnqoeuh hqonk|gsel{e m` hcpe, dnkfm{:

1.hler| jnmjperm{i hqrnphweqjhi `m`knc(rnk|jn ebpnoeiqjncn npsfh, edhmqrbemmne hqjk~wemhe hg }rncn op`bhk` - r`c`m{) h qnnrberqrbnb`r| hlhdfs jnl`md{.

2.opnirh opnbepjs l`qrepnl m` aegno`qmnqr| b an~ h a{rs.

3.k~ani dnqoeu dnkfem pe`k|mn g`yhy`r| nr onp`f`~yecn deiqrbh hcpnb{l npsfhel.

Xkel{ h dnqoeuh b oepbs~ nweped| opedm`gm`wem{ dk aegno`qmnqrh hcpnj` b qksw`e ono`d`mhi hcpnb{l npsfhel. Xkel{ hle~r mejnrnp{e ok~q{ opnrhb ncksxemhi h r.d. Oepw`rj` qwhr`erq `plhpnb`mmni eqkh ee k`dnm| `plhpnb`m` ler`kknl.

njpsckemhe jnmvebni w`qrh jkhmj` h psayhu onbepumnqrei; rnkyhm` jkhmj` me lemee 8 ll, vemrpnbj` dk lewei l`qqni qb{xe 1 jc - me d`kee 10 ql nr c`pd{ (fek`rek|mn jpeqrnbhdmni tnpl{), lew aeg c`pd{ h m`bepxh lewnl me qwhr`erq; nap`anr`mm` onbepumnqr| jkhmj`, me nqr`bk~y` g`mng;

jnpnrjhi lew dnkfem a{r| me jnpnwe 50 ql h me dkhmmee 90 ql;

dkhmm{i lew dnkfem a{r| rfekee 0,7 jc h dkhmmee 90 ql;

Dbspswm{i lew dnkfem a{r| rfekee 1,5 jc h me jnpnwe 130 ql;

_r`c`m - npsfhe q jphb{l jkhmjnl h q c`pdni, dnkfem a{r| rfekee 0,7 jc h dkhmmee 70 ql.

L`reph`k dk hgcnrnbkemh: depebn, ok`qrhj, rejqrnkhr, d~p`k~lhmhi.

psayhi }kelemr hg dnqr`rnwmn lcjni peghm{, fek`rek|mn q b{peg`mm{l "njmnl" dk `lnprhg`vhh sd`p`;

nag`rek|mne njpsckemhe scknb m` anebni w`qrh npsfh;

ck`djn nap`anr`mmne rnonphye, jnmev, b{qrso`~yhi g` anebs~ w`qr| npsfh dnkfem a{r| qjpsckem;

dbspswm{i rnonp dnkfem a{r| me ankee 1,6 l, beqnl me lemee 1,5 jc. Dk ask`b(o`khv) dkhm` h beq rnonpnb, mn sd`pm` w`qr| `m`knchwm` jhqreml khan sd`pm` w`qr|(nag`rek|mn qlcwemm`) dnqrhc`er ankee 50% nr nayei dkhm{ ask`b{(o`khv{). Ask`b` dnkfm` a{r| }qrerhwmn b{onkmem`. Dpebjn rnonpnb h ask`b rnk|jn depebmmne.

lcjhi m`jnmewmhj, qngd`~yhi oerk~ bnjpsc jnmv` qrpek{ hkh jno|(r.e. depebn me qp`gs g` qlcw`~yei w`qr|~), lnfmn bqr`bmni m`jnmewmhj, jnrnp{i jpeohrq b o`g`u m` jnmve jno|(qrpek{).

nrqsrqrbhe xhonb h sgknb m` sd`pmnl h chajnl }kelemr`u;

lhmhl`k|m` dkhm` dpebj` 60 ql;

sd`pm` w`qr| dh`lerpnl me lemee 7 ql;

dh`lerp chajncn }kelemr` me lemee 1ql;

dkhm` chajncn }kelemr` me ankee 50 ql

Dpebjn jhqremei rnk|jn depebmmne.

dkhm` kegbh mnf` dnkfm` a{r| ank|xe xhphm{ k`dnmh bk`dek|v`;

me dnosqj`~rq mnfh dk p`gpeg`mh asl`ch, g`jk`djh h r.d. (rnmj` pefsy` jpnlj`);

j hcpe dnosqj`erq rnk|jn ophqrpekmmne npsfhe;

P`gpexem{ g`fhc`rek|m{e (on hcpe) qm`pd{ ler`rek|mncn npsfh, nr{cp{b`erq qm`pd`lh, nalnr`mm{lh jp`qmni kemrni (rpojni). Hqonk|gs~rq dk ondfnc` onkei h qrpnemhi (me w`qrnjnk`);

@pa`ker{ aeg bgbndmncn leu`mhgl` hkh q jnpnrjhl knfel qwhr`~rq q`lnqrpek`lh h on JD ophp`bmhb`~rq j ksj`l.

c`a`phr{: 1u1,5 lerp`;

Hqonk|gserq me lemee wel rpel oepqnm`f`lh ond psjnbndqrbnl bnhm` 4 spnbm.

Apebmn dh`lerpnl njnkn 10 ql h dkhmni me lemee 2,5 l. Hqonk|gserq me lemee wel wer{p|l oepqnm`f`lh.

Oepepeg`mhe cnpk`(nrpsa`mhe cnknb{) nqsyeqrbkerq j`q`mhel pefsyei onbepumnqr|~ mnf` hkh jhmf`k`(lew`, rnonp`) cnpk` opnrhbmhj` h p`gpexemn rnk|jn me bn bpel an (rn eqr| b }rnr lnlemr mh b{, mh b`x` "feprb`" b an~ sw`qrh me ophmhl`~r).

Dk ncksxemh menaundhln ondnirh j hcpnjs qg`dh h rnk|jn b meanebni naqr`mnbje h kecnm|jn sd`phr| ecn on okews, onqke wecn qj`g`r| els, wrn nm ncksxem. (Ncksxemhe opnbndhrq k~a{l npsfhel). Onqke wecn ncksxemm{i hcpnj rhun q`dhrq m` jnprnwjh hkh knfhrq, g`rel ledkemmn qwhr`er opn qea dn 100, g`rel ophundhr b qea. Nr ncksxemh qo`q`er xkel.

J`a`m - a|er qbnhlh jk{j`lh(JD=3), nr{cp{b`erq sd`pnl nanhu psj ndmnbpelemmn(me qhk|mn).

Bnkj - a|er qbnhlh jncrlh(JD=2), nr{cp{b`erq ukeqrjhlh sd`p`lh mncrlh, lnfer oepecp{gr| cnpkn, meg`yhyemmne xkelnl, nr{cp{b`erq j`q`mhel dbsl psj`lh g` cnpkn.

Bqe gbeph asdsr hler| qnnrberqrbs~yhe l`qjh h jnqr~l{ h mh q jel dpschl b{ hu rnwmn me qosr`ere.

Egdhr| m` jnme rnfe m`dn sler|(eqr| qoevh`k|mne slemhe).

Jnm|(knx`d|) nr{cp{b`erq o`kjni, m` jnmve jnrnpni - cnknb` jnm, qdek`mm` hg depeb` h r.d. Bq`dmhj(hcpnj, jnrnp{i depfhr o`kjs b psje) b k~ani lnlemr lnfer sqj`j`r| - (nr{cp{b`erq) saef`r|, g` mhl oexhi hcpnj lnfer hdrh x`cnl, ` jnmm{i r`jfe aef`r|. Qsyeqrb` b 1,5 - 2 p`g` ank|xe weknbej` lncsr dncnmr| bq`dmhj` aecnl. Egd` m` jnme h dp`j` q mecn me ndmn h rnfe, brnpne cnp`gdn qknfmee, unr h aeg oepbncn mebnglnfmn. Hcpnj bepunl, jnrnp{i me sleer dp`r|q q jnm, mn sleer m` mel egdhr| me hleer op`b` mh d`bhr| opnrhbmhj`, mh qp`f`r|q q mhl.

Hcpnj fe, jnrnp{i dp`r|q q jnm sleer, lnfer me rnk|jn hqonk|gnb`r| b an~ npsfhe, mn h d`bhr| oexhu hcpnjnb(nr{cp{b`erq j`q`mhel o`kjni(jnmel) b onp`f`els~ gnms. P`gsleerq jnm lnfmn sahr|.

ONO@D@MHE OEXECN HCPNJ@ B QOHMS JNMMNCN HKH JNM_ BN BPEL_ C@KNO@ ME G@QWHR[B@ERQ_ . (qwhr`erq, wrn bq`dmhj a{qrpn opnmeqq lhln, h oexhi hcpnj me sqoek ono`qr| els b qohms). Qkednb`rek|mn ono`d`mh on jnm~ h on bq`dmhjs qg`dh g`qwhr{b`~rq rnk|jn b rnl qksw`e, jncd` jnm| hder x`cnl(nr{cp{b`erq: oepqnm`f hder x`cnl) Ndm`jn ono`d`mh qoepedh g`qwhr{b`~rq b k~anl qksw`e.

B okem lnfmn bgr| hcpnj`, m`undyecnq rnk|jn b medbhfhlnl qnqrnmhh(qoyhi, rfeknp`mem{i, m`undyhiq ond bngdeiqrbhel l`chh h op.).Bepebnwj`, onbg`mm` m` psjs, ngm`w`er, wrn s hcpnj` qbg`m{ psjh, nm me lnfer onk|gnb`r|q npsfhel(mhj`jhl).

Eqkh j bepebnwje, onbg`mmni m` psjs, ophbg`m` rponwj`, }rn ngm`w`er, wrn hcpnjs g`rjmskh pnr jkonl h nm me lnfer hgd`b`r| mhj`jhu gbsjnb.

Bepebnwj`, onbg`mm` m` mncs, ngm`w`er, wrn s hcpnj` qbg`m{ mnch h nm me lnfer q`lnqrnrek|mn oepedbhc`r|q.

K~ahrekei nqrp{u nysyemhi lnfmn qbg{b`r| on fhgmh(rnk|jn me nwem| rscn) h bqr`bkr| b pnr jko(bqe }rn on hu fek`mh~).

Oepb` onlny| p`memmnls - oknrm` onbgj` m` reke b leqre p`memh h xhm` onbepu ndefd{. Rfeknp`memm{i b nrkhwhh nr kecjnp`memncn q`l qeae onlny| nj`g`r| me lnfer, r`j j`j me lnfer dbhc`r|q.

Oph p`memhh psjh hcpnjs g`opeyemn onk|gnb`r|q p`memni jnmewmnqr|~ h hqonk|gnb`r| b an~ dbspswmne npsfhe.

Oph p`memhh mnch hcpnj lnfer oepedbhc`r|q rnk|jn x`c`lh p`glepnl q ecn qrsom~, r.e. ophqr`bk orjs ndmni mnch j mnqjs dpscni.

Eqkh onlny| rfeknp`memnls hcpnjs nj`g`m` bnbpel, rn wepeg 30 lhmsr nm ophnaper`er qr`rsq kecjnp`memncn. B rewemhh }rncn bpelemh els g`opeyemn oepedbhc`r|q h opedophmhl`r| dpsche `jrhbm{e deiqrbh.

1.Na{qjhb`el{i weqrmn nrd`er bqe hcpnb{e beyh on oepbnls rpeanb`mh~.

2. Na{qj on fhgmh

S hcpnj` lncsr a{r| bgr{ bqe hcpnb{e beyh g` hqjk~wemhel hcpnbncn jnqr~l`.

Rnwm{e op`bhk` bedemh xrsplnb h nq`d asdsr g`bhqer| nr onkhcnm`. Bn bpel xrspl` qrem{ jpeonqrei me p`gpsx`~rq. G`ub`wemm` jpeonqr| lnfer a{r| p`gpsxem`. P`gpsxemhe sqknbmne h nrqkefhb`erq l`qrep`lh. Bnqqr`mnbkemhe jpeonqrh bnglnfmn }jnmnlhweqjhl osrel hkh oph onlnyh l`chh.

Bnpnr` lncsr a{r| pe`k|mn b{meqem{ oph onlnyh r`p`m`.

* G`opeyemn knl`r| h nrr`kjhb`r| keqrmhv{ nr qrem.

* Nq`fdemm{e lncsr hqonk|gnb`r| dk nanpnm{ jpeonqrh "j`lmh". J`lmel qwhr`erq peghmnb{i x`phj (onkh}rhkemnb{i o`jer) q bndni dh`lerpnl me lemee 20 ql. Oph ono`d`mhh j`lm b hcpnj`, hcpnj qwhr`erq rfeknp`memm{l b jnposq.

Op`bhk` bg`hlndeiqrbh b mnwmne bpel asdsr g`bhqer| nr onkhcnm`.

Ondfnc lndekhpserq ophbg{b`mhel jp`qm{u bepebnwej m` scknb{u jpeokemhu gd`mh (on fhgmh o`k`rjh (oeped ondfhc`mhel onqlnrphre j`j` l`reph m`jhmsr` m` o`k`rjs qbepus, eqkh qep`, rn gd`mhe j`lemmne(me cnphr)) .Onqke rncn, j`j ophbg`m` oepb` bepebnwj`, ondfhc`rekh ondmhl`~r xsl b "cnpyel" k`cepe. Xsl lndekhpserq cpnljhlh jphj`lh ondfhc`rekei: "ONF@P! ONF@P!". Hcpnjh qwhr`~rq leprb{lh, eqkh nmh me sqoekh onjhmsr| o`k`rjs dn lnlemr` g`bepxemh ophbg{b`mh j mei onqkedmei bepebnwjh. R`jfe lnfmn ondfew| onk h qnnpsfemh(me w`qrnjnk) b rnl whqke h ler`rek|m{lh qm`pd`lh(qrpek`lh). B qksw`e ondfncnb fek`rek|mn ophqsrqrbhe l`qrep`.

K~ahlne npsfhe db`ptnb - rnonp, lewh nmh me nqnaemmn k~ar, hqonk|gs~r b nqmnbmnl jnpnrjhe h dkhmm{e lewh(me dbspswm{e, pnqr` me ub`r`er), hmncd` hqonk|gs~r jno|. R`jfe qrpek~r hg `pa`kernb (qnaqrbemmne hgnaperemhe), pefe ksjnb. Db`pt{ mnqr bqe rho{ dnqoeunb (wel lnymee, rel kswxe), hqonk|gs~r b an~ yhr{.

]k|t{ - ndeb`~rq opehlsyeqrbemmn b gekemne. Hg npsfh ankee bqecn opedonwhr`~r ksjh h dkhmm{e lewh. Rnonp{ h `pa`ker{ }k|t{ me hqonk|gs~r qnbqel. Hmncd` hqonk|gs~r jno| h yhr{.

]k|t{ mnqr bqe rho{ dnqoeunb, jpnle k`rmncn.

Npjh - ndeb`~rq b ndefds relm{u rnmnb, leu.. Hg npsfh nmh opedonwhr`~r r`c`m{ h jpsck{e(me nwem| ank|xhe yhr{). R`jfe hqonk|gs~r lewh, rnonp{. Qrpek~r hg ksjnb h `pa`kernb.

Npjh mnqr bqe rho{ dnqoeunb.

K~dh - hqonk|gs~r bqe dnqoeuh h bqe npsfhe. Ndm`jn nrdek|m{e hu okelem` hle~r qbnh ophqrp`qrh, m`ophlep jnwebmhjh me hqonk|gs~r dbspswmncn npsfh h me ndeb`~r k`rm{u dnqoeunb h me hqonk|gs~r dkhmm{u ksjnb.

Rpnkkh - ndeb`~rq b leu`, hmncd` b pjs~ ndefds. Hg npsfh opedonwhr`~r dsahm{ h dbspswm{e rnonp{. Me ophgm`~r lewh, jno|, ksjh, `pa`ker{, me mnqr dnqoeunb.

Jsgmev - ms j`jni jsgmev aeg jsgmh; hr`j b jsgme s jsgmev` dnkfm{ a{r| cnpm(jnqrep), m`jnb`k|m( j ophleps apebm{xjn nrd`kemmn m` mee onunfee, lnknrnj h yhov{(bqe }rn lnfmn qdek`r| m` leqre), l`reph`k dk g`cnrnbnj(opnbnknj`). G`cnrnbjh dek`~rq hg opnbnknjh b tnple rncn hgdekh jnrnpne jsgmev unwer b{jnb`r|. Bpel dk nrjnbjh rncn hkh hmncn hgdekh asder qnnayemn dnonkmhrek|mn.

Psdnjno - dk mecn menaundhl` jhpj` hkh kno`r`, fek`rek|m` rekefj` dk psd{(bqe }rn lnfmn qdek`r| m` leqre).

Qrpnhrek| - dk mecn menaundhl{ l`qrepnj h kno`r`(lnfmn qdek`r| m` leqre)

Peveor{ asdsr dnonkmhrek|mn d`m{.

Jpeqr|mhm - dk mecn menaundhl{ cp`akh(lhmh`r~pm{e) h k~a{e qelem` dk onq`djh.

Lek|mhj - dk mecn menaundhl` lek|mhv`(Xeqr, bjno`mm{i b gelk~ h jpeqrnbhm`, jnrnp` asder jpsrhr|q m` mel).

O`qrsus menaundhl` o`qrsxeqj` o`kj`(onqnu).

Nunrmhj - dnkfem hler| ksj qn qrpek`lh h j`oj`m{(lndekhps~rq 4 fepdnwj`lh, hg jnrnp{u onksw`erq jb`dp`r).

Jnfebemmhj - dnkfem hler| jsqnwjh jnfh h 2 -3 w`m`(lndekhps~rq eljnqrlh fek`rek|mn me qrejkmm{lh, me nag`rek|mn ank|xhlh).