Stanton Drew
Stone Circles and Timber Temple
Professor Alexander Thom suggested that the stones
from the centre of the Northeast Circle
through the Southwest one are aligned to the major southern moonset. Professor
Aubrey Burl
wrote:
"Midsummer processions and ceremonies may
be imagined, rituals by moonlight celebrated by hundreds of people from
the countryside, assembling for reasons long forgotten but preserved
silently in the stones themselves."
There are several local traditional stories about
the megalithic complex. The best known one is
yet another man into stone story designed to scare the poor pagan peasant
into church on a
Sunday. It tells how a wedding party was turned to stone. The party was
held on a Saturday and
the celebrations were going on well into the night. Around midnight, a
man clothed in black (the Devil in disguise) came and started to play his
violin for the merrymakers continuing well into
holy Sunday morning. When dawn broke, everybody had been turned to stone
by the Devil.
The stone circles represent the dancers, the avenues are the fiddlers and
the Cove is the bride
and the groom and the drunken churchman at their feet. They are still waiting
for the Devil who promised to come back someday and play again for them.
Another legend, shared with Long
Meg and Her Daughters and many other megalithic monuments, says that the
Stanton Drew's
stones are uncountable. John Wood, in 1750, reported the story that when
he tried to count the stones a thunderstorm broke out.
Stanton Drew is a huge megalithic complex consisting
of three stone circles, two stone avenues,
a cove of stones and an outlying stone. The Great Circle, consisting of
27 stones of pustular
breccia and oolitic limestone is the second largest in England, the outer
circle at Avebury being
the largest. Next to it is the Northeast Ring formed by eight huge boulders,
four of which are
still standing. These are the biggest of the complex. The Southwest Ring,
which is on private
land, is badly ruined and not accessible to the public. The two accessible
circles each have
avenues running eastwards towards the river Chew. The avenue from the Northeast
Ring contains seven surviving stones. The avenue from the Great Circle
has been almost destroyed had it
remained intact it would have been seen to merge with the Northeast avenue
into one.
The Cove is in alignment with the centres of the
two accessible stone circles. It consists in two
large upright stones with a recumbent slab lying between them, which are
of blocks of dolomitic breccia. The outlying stone known as Hautville's
Quoit, 1850ft northeast of the circles, on a high ridge also in alignment
with the centres of the Great Circle and the Southwest Ring. It is a sandstone
boulder, which is now recumbent.
In September 1997 archaeologists found the buried
remains of a prehistoric timber temple twice
the size of the monument at Stonehenge and just as important at Stanton
Drew. A survey of the
area revealed traces of "one of the largest and most elaborate'' prehistoric
ceremonial sites ever
found in Britain,'' The site, concealed by the stone circles, was detected
with sensitive instruments designed to reveal ancient remains without disturbing
the land. The evidence so far points to the existence of timber circles
and a ditch, or henge, the English Heritage commission said.
Dr. Geoffrey Wainwright, the group's chief archaeologist,
called the discovery the most significant
in British prehistoric archaeology since the 1967 excavation of a timber
temple of Durrington
Walls, near Stonehenge.
"We have about 3,000 stone circles in Britain, but previously only seven timber temples,'' he said. "The Stanton Drew find is by far the largest -- twice as big as anything previously discovered.''
The newly discovered henge is a near-perfect circle
with an outer diameter of about 443 feet.
Within the Great Circle are at least nine concentric circles that are thought
to be burial pits. Sir Jocelyn Stevens, chairman of English Heritage, suggested
that people seeking to control the supernatural built the complex structure
as a symbol of power.
English Heritage who manage the site which is on
private land, said it will examine only the
remains of the temple posts, which may have stood up to 30 feet above ground.
The rest of the
site will not be extensively excavated. The find was made by archaeologists
using ground-scanning equipment in an attempt to learn more about the three
stone circles at Stanton Drew.
"The survey showed that the Great Circle was
once enclosed by an enormous ditch,'' said Dr.
Andrew David, English Heritage's head of archaeometry. "Such enclosures
-- named henges after
that at Stonehenge -- are well-known but highly enigmatic features of Neolithic
and Bronze Age Britain between 3200 to 2500 BC.''