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1) What is the name of the tool traditionally used for actual, physical cutting? Describe its traditional appearance.

The white-handled Bolline

2) What are 3 "masculine" and 3 "feminine" tools?

Obviously, I left this one open for a bit of leeway to accommodate various methods, systems and Traditions. These are not the only correct answers, just the ones which immediately come to mind:

Masculine: Wand, sword, Athame

Feminine: chalice, cauldron, bell

3) Briefly explain in symbolic terms the inverted and upright pentagrams.

I was just looking for the symbolic positioning of Spirit/Akasha in relation to the physical Elements.

4) What is a poppet?

A doll used in ritual spellwork, typically made of cloth.

5) What is the primary difference between a Witch and a Shaman from a technical standpoint?

A witch gathers and directs energy to affect change. A shaman journeys into the otherworlds to retrieve information or soul fragments.

6) Explain the difference between an amulet and a talisman.

An amulet repels, while a talisman draws. This may relate to either specific energies and attributes, or to entities, depending upon the system being utilized.

7) What is Dragon's Blood?

Resin from the Daemonorops draco, a type of palm tree. Typically used as an incense or in powdered form.

8) Barring terms of psychology and film apparatus, name two types of projection. (Just calling it OBE doesn't count)

9) Explain the differences between invoking and evoking as completely as you are able.

Invocation is more an invitation to appearance or possession, whereas evocation is a command to appear outside and separate from the body of the evoker. The target area is typically what is known as the Triangle of Art.

10) What does "As above, so below" mean, and from what system does it originate? If you can name the specific text, even better.

Essentially, it says that what is done on one level (Microcosm or Macrocosm) affects the other. It is derived from Hermetic Magick, specifically from The Emerald Tablet of Hermes Trismegistus.

11) The term "The Craft" originates where?

12) What is a sigil, and how is one used?

It is a drawn, symbolic representation of a thing, influence, or entity. It may be drawn either on a surface, such as paper, or in the air. There are a number of ways in which to derive and use sigils, though at the most basic level they are a "key." Probably the best known example of sigils are those found in The Key of Solomon.

13) Name 5 methods of divination. Any 5 will do.

Again, I intentionally left this one open to varying systems and preferences. The one's which immediately come to my mind are:

I Ching, Tarot, Runecasting, Tea leaves, and Gazing (crystal, mirror, or fire).

14) If you were to incorporate lunar phases into a ritual in which you were attempting to deal with financial problems, when should it be done? Waxing or Waning, and why?

This was a variant on the trick question incorporated in an earlier set of questions. Either is valid depending upon how you are approaching the situation. If you were banishing the influences/source of the problem, waning would be appropriate. If you were working to draw more income, waxing would be appropriate.

15) Approximately how many witches were burned at the stake in England during "The Burning Times?" There is a specific figure, but I'll settle for a ballpark approximation.

Trick question. The answer is zero. Witches in England were hung.

16) How many "Realms" did the Celts have? (Think in more or less Elemental terms)

17) Who is Ra Hoor Khuit, and who brought the name to public attention in the 20th century?

Ra Hoor Khuit was/is a form of Horus who figures prominently in Crowley's writings on Thelema.

18) What "major contribution" did Lady Gwen Thompson make to Neo-Wicca?

19) What does the term "cowan" mean, and with what group did it originate?

It means "non-initiate." The term originates with Freemasonry, but has been incorporated into use in some Traditions of Wicca.

20) Give two variant definitions relating to occult terminology of "invocation."

One is an invitation to appear rather than a command, such as to a deity. To call upon..."invoking the name of...."

The other, more "technically correct" is to call an entity into the body.

21) All matters of personal ethics aside, what are some possible undesirable side effects of an improperly done binding?

It may continue indefinitely even after the situation has been resolved. It may open and maintain a "link" between caster and target. If not carefully done, it may only inhibit some of the actions at the source of the problem, causing the person being bound to focus on the remaining actions/behaviours and actually intensifying the situation.

22) In group rituals, what are the purposes of the Circle?

To demark a cleansed ritual area. To demark "a place between the worlds." To contain the buildup of power prior to release toward its purpose.

23) What do the duties of a High Priestess entail?

A HPS could be said to serve as "a combination of teacher, psychiatrist, nurse, mother-confessor, referee, scapegoat, and reference librarian." (From The Witches Way pg. 187 p.2 by the Farrars). I would add to this leader, in the sense of serving a leading role in ritual and the day

to day affairs of the coven.

24) Explain the Five-fold Kiss.

It is a ritual salute. To the best of my knowledge, it is only performed with a member of the opposite sex, though there may well be exceptions. It is performed with kisses 1) on each foot, 2) on each knee, 3) on the lower belly, 4) on each breast, 5) on the lips. Note that "fivefold" refers to the number of regions of the body given attention, not the actual number of kisses.

25) Explain the position/post of Maiden within a coven.

The Maiden of a coven is the Assistant HPS.

26) What is another name for Ley-Lines?

27) Describe how to draw the Banishing Pentagram of Earth.

Begin at the lower left point (Earth). Move up to the topmost point (Spirit), down to the lower right point (Fire), up to the upper left point (Air), across to the upper right point (Water), down to the lower left point (Earth), then back up to the topmost point (Spirit) to seal the sigil. This is probably the most commonly used pentagram.

28) The LBRP is heavily incorporated into Wicca. Name the four parts of the LBRP.

The four parts of the LBRP are: The Kabalistic Cross, The Formulation of the Pentagrams, The Evocation of the Archangels (some may use the Quarters), and the repetition of the Kabalistic Cross.

29) What are two other words which might be used in place of Akasha?

30) What is a Flying Ointment, and what are some cautions which should accompany many of the various processes for making one?

An ointment which was/is made using psychotropic plants such as Henbane and Belladonna. Caution must be used in the making and use of flying ointment, as many of the various recipes for it utilize poisonous plants......such as Henbane and Belladonna.

31) Define the words Theurgy and Thaumaturgy

worked for the purpose of personal growth and/or spiritual evolution. A more CM example would be ritually working toward Knowledge and Conversation of one's HGA.

Thaumaturgy: Magick performed for the purpose of making overt changes in the material world.

32) Explain the concept of sympathetic Magick, and give a brief example.

Magick worked under the premise that like affects like, typically with an image or symbolic representation. Spells utilizing poppets or wax images are good examples.

33) Describe a traditional Magick Mirror as used for scrying

Concave with a black backing, rather than silver.

34) What is the "Cone of Power," and under what circumstance is it formed?

It is the collective energy of a group during the raising of energy, and before its release toward its target or goal. As such, the only circumstance under which it is formed is during group ritual.

35) What is the difference between the Fivefold Kiss and the Fivefold Salute?

Trick question. They are different names for the same thing.

36) Define the word "Magus" as it is used within Wicca.

A male witch of second or third degree.

37) Within the context of Wicca, what does it mean to have one's measure taken?

Ritual taking and recording of an initiate's body dimensions. The ritual is meant to signify the initiate's trust of and loyalty to the coven.

38) From what source is the ritual use of the Black-handled knife (Athame) and the White-handled knife (Bolline) almost certainly (I'm being generous) drawn?

The Key of Solomon

39) When performing any ritual which calls for the use of mistletoe, what is the absolute most important consideration to keep in mind when following the "instructions?"

There are rituals which call for the ingestion of mistletoe, mostly pseudo-Druidic ones. However, what many people do not realize, and such rituals rarely if ever point out, is that there are two varieties of mistletoe: European and American. While the European variety may apparently be ingested, the American

variety is highly toxic.

40) Explain the differences between a Dedication and an Initiation.

A dedication is a commitment to a path, and may be made between oneself and their deities, or to a group.

An initiation is a ritual acceptance into a group, and may only be performed by an authorized member of that group.

41) Within the context of Wicca, what does "hive" mean?

When a coven gets large enough it is common for a small group led by a qualified HP and HPS to split or "hive" off from its "mother coven."

42) How many chakras are there?

Traditionally, 7 main ones. Sometimes people include the feet and hand chakras in the counting.

43) How do you call the Quarters?

First and foremost, understand that the Calling of the Quarters/Watchtowers is a ritual borrowed from Enochian Magick, so there is going to be some variation. A bare-bones outline of how it is commonly done within Wicca is:

Each Quarter is visited in turn, starting with the East and working clockwise.

At each Quarter as it is visited, an Invoking Pentagram is drawn with the active/masculine tool of choice (typically the Athame) and the Guardian of that Quarter ritually invoked. It is worth noting that most commonly within Wicca, only the Invoking Pentagram of Earth is used, regardless of the Elemental Guardian being invoked. Within CM systems however, the appropriate Invoking Pentagram for each Quarter is used.

44) True or false: The poppet is a flower.

45) True or false: Cakes and Ale are served at the beginning of a ritual. Explain the reason for your answer.

False. Eating, especially food heavy in starches and carbohydrates tends to naturally ground you, which obviously would not be conducive to raising energy.

46) What is the difference between the Eightfold Kiss and the Fivefold Kiss?

Semi-trick question. The same ritual salute is being made reference to......only some authors have thrown a wrench into the works by referring to it as eightfold. "Fivefold" in this case refers to the actual number of body regions given attention in the salute, however the actual number of

kisses is eight....one on each of the feet, one on each of the knees, one on the lower abdomen, one on each of the breasts, and one on the brow.

47) What is the difference between an Esbat and a Sabbat?

Sabbats are the Holy/Feast days, and Esbats are the monthly moon rituals.

48) What is the difference between a pentagram and a pentacle?

Pentacle is the tool or object, pentagram is the figure/form.

49) What is a "Witch Queen?"

A HPS of a coven that has hived off at least two other covens.

50) What is the "Witch's Rune?"

A power raising chant accompanied by a ring dance.

51) Define an uncrossing.

The breaking of and freeing from harmful Magick.

52) Name two primary influences upon modern pagan Witchcraft (hint: one is a system, one is an "institution.")

53) Who was Dafo, and what is speculated to have been her contribution to Traditional Witchcraft?

Teacher and possible initiator of Gerald Gardner. Dorothy Clutterbuck lived in the area at the time, but has been rather convincingly shown as an unlikely candidate, despite prior claims.

54) Name a type of portable "altar" other than a bag or cloth.

55) Name five methods of Cleansing.

LBRP, Holy or charged water, sweeping, fire, incense. Note that these are simply five that came immediately to mind. This listing is far from all inclusive.

56) What is the Traditional challenge upon seeking entry into the Circle? (I'll allow for some slight variation, but it has a very definite form and purpose)

It was pointed out that this is oathbound material, and I have no reason to doubt that it is. Quite the contrary. Although I am bound by no pertinent oaths, I will respect that by not posting the answer (as published) here. An answer may be found in The Witches' Way by the Farrars.

57) What is a "Witches' Ladder"?

Stewart Farrar describes it as "a string of forty beads, or a cord with forty knots, used (like a rosary) for auto-suggestive practices, to avoid the need for conscious counting."

Gerina Dunwich describes it as "In sorcery, a knotted triple cord, string, or rope, usually with a feather in each knot, used by sorcerers as a powerful magickal charm to bring nightmares, misfortune, illness, or death to enemies. Also called a Witches' garland."

Valiente describes what I suspect is the more "classic, traditional" example: "This consisted of a piece of rope, about 5 feet long and half an inch in thickness. It was composed of three strands, and had a loop at one end. Inserted in this rope, crossways, were a number of feathers. They were mostly goose feathers, though with some black plumes from a crow or rook, sticking out from the rope at irregular intervals. The feathers had not been merely knotted into the rope, but seemed to have been twisted into it in between the strands at the time when it was made." She goes on to imply its use in much the fashion described by Dunwich. The source she cites is an 1886 edition of the Folklore Journal.

58) What are the Airts?

Gaelic term for the four points of the compass. In some systems of Magick, predictably, the Elemental forces associated with the four directions.

59) In what state may a witch use a "Fetch"? What is it?

During Astral Projection. It is an Astral image, or the Astral Body itself.

60) What does the wearing of a garter indicate within the context of Wicca?

It is a badge of rank, worn either by a HPS and/or a Witch Queen.

I still find Crowley's definition to be the most concise, accurate one. Roughly paraphrased (I may remember the wording exactly, but am too lazy at the moment to go look it up), "The Art and Science of creating change in conformity with Will."

62) What is the symbol used to represent First Degree initiation?

As with question 56, this has been pointed out as oathbound in some systems. Again, an answer may be found in The Witches' Way by the Farrars.

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	Smiling Panther's Den \| home Knowledge Test \| Answers Answers 1) What is the name of the tool traditionally used for actual, physical cutting? Describe its traditional appearance. The white-handled Bolline 2) What are 3 "masculine" and 3 "feminine" tools? Obviously, I left this one open for a bit of leeway to accommodate various methods, systems and Traditions. These are not the only correct answers, just the ones which immediately come to mind: Masculine: Wand, sword, Athame Feminine: chalice, cauldron, bell 3) Briefly explain in symbolic terms the inverted and upright pentagrams. I was just looking for the symbolic positioning of Spirit/Akasha in relation to the physical Elements. 4) What is a poppet? A doll used in ritual spellwork, typically made of cloth. 5) What is the primary difference between a Witch and a Shaman from a technical standpoint? A witch gathers and directs energy to affect change. A shaman journeys into the otherworlds to retrieve information or soul fragments. 6) Explain the difference between an amulet and a talisman. An amulet repels, while a talisman draws. This may relate to either specific energies and attributes, or to entities, depending upon the system being utilized. 7) What is Dragon's Blood? Resin from the Daemonorops draco, a type of palm tree. Typically used as an incense or in powdered form. 8) Barring terms of psychology and film apparatus, name two types of projection. (Just calling it OBE doesn't count) Astral and Mental. 9) Explain the differences between invoking and evoking as completely as you are able. Invocation is more an invitation to appearance or possession, whereas evocation is a command to appear outside and separate from the body of the evoker. The target area is typically what is known as the Triangle of Art. 10) What does "As above, so below" mean, and from what system does it originate? If you can name the specific text, even better. Essentially, it says that what is done on one level (Microcosm or Macrocosm) affects the other. It is derived from Hermetic Magick, specifically from The Emerald Tablet of Hermes Trismegistus. 11) The term "The Craft" originates where? Freemasonry. 12) What is a sigil, and how is one used? It is a drawn, symbolic representation of a thing, influence, or entity. It may be drawn either on a surface, such as paper, or in the air. There are a number of ways in which to derive and use sigils, though at the most basic level they are a "key." Probably the best known example of sigils are those found in The Key of Solomon. 13) Name 5 methods of divination. Any 5 will do. Again, I intentionally left this one open to varying systems and preferences. The one's which immediately come to my mind are: I Ching, Tarot, Runecasting, Tea leaves, and Gazing (crystal, mirror, or fire). 14) If you were to incorporate lunar phases into a ritual in which you were attempting to deal with financial problems, when should it be done? Waxing or Waning, and why? This was a variant on the trick question incorporated in an earlier set of questions. Either is valid depending upon how you are approaching the situation. If you were banishing the influences/source of the problem, waning would be appropriate. If you were working to draw more income, waxing would be appropriate. 15) Approximately how many witches were burned at the stake in England during "The Burning Times?" There is a specific figure, but I'll settle for a ballpark approximation. Trick question. The answer is zero. Witches in England were hung. 16) How many "Realms" did the Celts have? (Think in more or less Elemental terms) Land, Sea, Sky. 17) Who is Ra Hoor Khuit, and who brought the name to public attention in the 20th century? Ra Hoor Khuit was/is a form of Horus who figures prominently in Crowley's writings on Thelema. 18) What "major contribution" did Lady Gwen Thompson make to Neo-Wicca? The Wiccan Rede. 19) What does the term "cowan" mean, and with what group did it originate? It means "non-initiate." The term originates with Freemasonry, but has been incorporated into use in some Traditions of Wicca. 20) Give two variant definitions relating to occult terminology of "invocation." One is an invitation to appear rather than a command, such as to a deity. To call upon..."invoking the name of...." The other, more "technically correct" is to call an entity into the body. 21) All matters of personal ethics aside, what are some possible undesirable side effects of an improperly done binding? It may continue indefinitely even after the situation has been resolved. It may open and maintain a "link" between caster and target. If not carefully done, it may only inhibit some of the actions at the source of the problem, causing the person being bound to focus on the remaining actions/behaviours and actually intensifying the situation. 22) In group rituals, what are the purposes of the Circle? To demark a cleansed ritual area. To demark "a place between the worlds." To contain the buildup of power prior to release toward its purpose. 23) What do the duties of a High Priestess entail? A HPS could be said to serve as "a combination of teacher, psychiatrist, nurse, mother-confessor, referee, scapegoat, and reference librarian." (From The Witches Way pg. 187 p.2 by the Farrars). I would add to this leader, in the sense of serving a leading role in ritual and the day to day affairs of the coven. 24) Explain the Five-fold Kiss. It is a ritual salute. To the best of my knowledge, it is only performed with a member of the opposite sex, though there may well be exceptions. It is performed with kisses 1) on each foot, 2) on each knee, 3) on the lower belly, 4) on each breast, 5) on the lips. Note that "fivefold" refers to the number of regions of the body given attention, not the actual number of kisses. 25) Explain the position/post of Maiden within a coven. The Maiden of a coven is the Assistant HPS. 26) What is another name for Ley-Lines? Dragon Tracks 27) Describe how to draw the Banishing Pentagram of Earth. Begin at the lower left point (Earth). Move up to the topmost point (Spirit), down to the lower right point (Fire), up to the upper left point (Air), across to the upper right point (Water), down to the lower left point (Earth), then back up to the topmost point (Spirit) to seal the sigil. This is probably the most commonly used pentagram. 28) The LBRP is heavily incorporated into Wicca. Name the four parts of the LBRP. The four parts of the LBRP are: The Kabalistic Cross, The Formulation of the Pentagrams, The Evocation of the Archangels (some may use the Quarters), and the repetition of the Kabalistic Cross. 29) What are two other words which might be used in place of Akasha? Spirit or Ether 30) What is a Flying Ointment, and what are some cautions which should accompany many of the various processes for making one? An ointment which was/is made using psychotropic plants such as Henbane and Belladonna. Caution must be used in the making and use of flying ointment, as many of the various recipes for it utilize poisonous plants......such as Henbane and Belladonna. 31) Define the words Theurgy and Thaumaturgy Theurgy: Magick worked for the purpose of personal growth and/or spiritual evolution. A more CM example would be ritually working toward Knowledge and Conversation of one's HGA. Thaumaturgy: Magick performed for the purpose of making overt changes in the material world. 32) Explain the concept of sympathetic Magick, and give a brief example. Magick worked under the premise that like affects like, typically with an image or symbolic representation. Spells utilizing poppets or wax images are good examples. 33) Describe a traditional Magick Mirror as used for scrying Concave with a black backing, rather than silver. 34) What is the "Cone of Power," and under what circumstance is it formed? It is the collective energy of a group during the raising of energy, and before its release toward its target or goal. As such, the only circumstance under which it is formed is during group ritual. 35) What is the difference between the Fivefold Kiss and the Fivefold Salute? Trick question. They are different names for the same thing. 36) Define the word "Magus" as it is used within Wicca. A male witch of second or third degree. 37) Within the context of Wicca, what does it mean to have one's measure taken? Ritual taking and recording of an initiate's body dimensions. The ritual is meant to signify the initiate's trust of and loyalty to the coven. 38) From what source is the ritual use of the Black-handled knife (Athame) and the White-handled knife (Bolline) almost certainly (I'm being generous) drawn? The Key of Solomon 39) When performing any ritual which calls for the use of mistletoe, what is the absolute most important consideration to keep in mind when following the "instructions?" There are rituals which call for the ingestion of mistletoe, mostly pseudo-Druidic ones. However, what many people do not realize, and such rituals rarely if ever point out, is that there are two varieties of mistletoe: European and American. While the European variety may apparently be ingested, the American variety is highly toxic. 40) Explain the differences between a Dedication and an Initiation. A dedication is a commitment to a path, and may be made between oneself and their deities, or to a group. An initiation is a ritual acceptance into a group, and may only be performed by an authorized member of that group. 41) Within the context of Wicca, what does "hive" mean? When a coven gets large enough it is common for a small group led by a qualified HP and HPS to split or "hive" off from its "mother coven." 42) How many chakras are there? Traditionally, 7 main ones. Sometimes people include the feet and hand chakras in the counting. 43) How do you call the Quarters? First and foremost, understand that the Calling of the Quarters/Watchtowers is a ritual borrowed from Enochian Magick, so there is going to be some variation. A bare-bones outline of how it is commonly done within Wicca is: The Circle is cast. Each Quarter is visited in turn, starting with the East and working clockwise. At each Quarter as it is visited, an Invoking Pentagram is drawn with the active/masculine tool of choice (typically the Athame) and the Guardian of that Quarter ritually invoked. It is worth noting that most commonly within Wicca, only the Invoking Pentagram of Earth is used, regardless of the Elemental Guardian being invoked. Within CM systems however, the appropriate Invoking Pentagram for each Quarter is used. 44) True or false: The poppet is a flower. False. 45) True or false: Cakes and Ale are served at the beginning of a ritual. Explain the reason for your answer. False. Eating, especially food heavy in starches and carbohydrates tends to naturally ground you, which obviously would not be conducive to raising energy. 46) What is the difference between the Eightfold Kiss and the Fivefold Kiss? Semi-trick question. The same ritual salute is being made reference to......only some authors have thrown a wrench into the works by referring to it as eightfold. "Fivefold" in this case refers to the actual number of body regions given attention in the salute, however the actual number of kisses is eight....one on each of the feet, one on each of the knees, one on the lower abdomen, one on each of the breasts, and one on the brow. 47) What is the difference between an Esbat and a Sabbat? Sabbats are the Holy/Feast days, and Esbats are the monthly moon rituals. 48) What is the difference between a pentagram and a pentacle? Pentacle is the tool or object, pentagram is the figure/form. 49) What is a "Witch Queen?" A HPS of a coven that has hived off at least two other covens. 50) What is the "Witch's Rune?" A power raising chant accompanied by a ring dance. 51) Define an uncrossing. The breaking of and freeing from harmful Magick. 52) Name two primary influences upon modern pagan Witchcraft (hint: one is a system, one is an "institution.") CM and Freemasonry. 53) Who was Dafo, and what is speculated to have been her contribution to Traditional Witchcraft? Teacher and possible initiator of Gerald Gardner. Dorothy Clutterbuck lived in the area at the time, but has been rather convincingly shown as an unlikely candidate, despite prior claims. 54) Name a type of portable "altar" other than a bag or cloth. A Stang. 55) Name five methods of Cleansing. LBRP, Holy or charged water, sweeping, fire, incense. Note that these are simply five that came immediately to mind. This listing is far from all inclusive. 56) What is the Traditional challenge upon seeking entry into the Circle? (I'll allow for some slight variation, but it has a very definite form and purpose) It was pointed out that this is oathbound material, and I have no reason to doubt that it is. Quite the contrary. Although I am bound by no pertinent oaths, I will respect that by not posting the answer (as published) here. An answer may be found in The Witches' Way by the Farrars. 57) What is a "Witches' Ladder"? Stewart Farrar describes it as "a string of forty beads, or a cord with forty knots, used (like a rosary) for auto-suggestive practices, to avoid the need for conscious counting." Gerina Dunwich describes it as "In sorcery, a knotted triple cord, string, or rope, usually with a feather in each knot, used by sorcerers as a powerful magickal charm to bring nightmares, misfortune, illness, or death to enemies. Also called a Witches' garland." Valiente describes what I suspect is the more "classic, traditional" example: "This consisted of a piece of rope, about 5 feet long and half an inch in thickness. It was composed of three strands, and had a loop at one end. Inserted in this rope, crossways, were a number of feathers. They were mostly goose feathers, though with some black plumes from a crow or rook, sticking out from the rope at irregular intervals. The feathers had not been merely knotted into the rope, but seemed to have been twisted into it in between the strands at the time when it was made." She goes on to imply its use in much the fashion described by Dunwich. The source she cites is an 1886 edition of the Folklore Journal. 58) What are the Airts? Gaelic term for the four points of the compass. In some systems of Magick, predictably, the Elemental forces associated with the four directions. 59) In what state may a witch use a "Fetch"? What is it? During Astral Projection. It is an Astral image, or the Astral Body itself. 60) What does the wearing of a garter indicate within the context of Wicca? It is a badge of rank, worn either by a HPS and/or a Witch Queen. 61) Define Magick. I still find Crowley's definition to be the most concise, accurate one. Roughly paraphrased (I may remember the wording exactly, but am too lazy at the moment to go look it up), "The Art and Science of creating change in conformity with Will." 62) What is the symbol used to represent First Degree initiation? As with question 56, this has been pointed out as oathbound in some systems. Again, an answer may be found in The Witches' Way by the Farrars. Background for this page provided by: All contents of this site are © 2000-2005 except where otherwise noted, such as in the case of graphics or other content not created by Smiling Panther. Original author/creator retains all rights in those instances. All rights reserved.