Scrums are used to restart the game whenever play has been stopped. During this extremely painful-looking act, forwards for each team line up, jam together as tight as possible, and face off. Without using their hands, each line must collectively try to push the opposing line back. When the ball is rolled into the scrum, the "hooker" tries to reach in with his foot and "hook" the ball back to the number eight player who will pick it up and start an attack.

This penalty is called when a player drops a ball forward. It results in a scrum.

Mauls and rucks form when the ball carrier is tackled and the two teams battle for possession. If the ball carrier is standing in a tackle, a maul occurs. If he is on the ground, he must let go of the ball and a ruck occurs. During a ruck, players try to win the ball for their team by rucking it back with their feet.

The referee can postpone the award of a penalty or scrum for up to 45 seconds if he feels the infringed team would be negatively affected by a stop of play.

The field of play.

When the ball carrier or ball touches the line or goes outside the field of play.

A line out occurs when the ball goes "into touch" and it must be thrown back into the pitch (field of play). Forwards from both teams line up and the ball is thrown in by the hooker.

Backs and forwards have an inner-team rivalry all their own. Forwards feel backs avoid all the dirty work, such as tackling. Consequently, they often refer to the backs as "pretty boys." The pretty boys, meanwhile, believe that most forwards are no more gifted than "donkeys" when it comes to catching or passing.

When the ball carrier fakes a pass.