Ethics
Ethics, or moral philosophy, is the branch of philosophy concerned with conduct and character. It is the systematic study of the principles and methods for distinguishing right from wrong and good from bad. Ethics has various interconnections with other branches of philosophy, such as metaphysics, the study of reality, and epistemology, the study of knowledge; this may be seen in such questions as whether there is any real difference between right and wrong and, if there is, whether it can be known. Experiences that have led to ethical inquiry are uncertainty or conflicts of opinion about what ought to be done; the sometimes painful consequences of an action that earlier seemed perfectly acceptable, and awareness of differences in norms and practices among different societies. These experiences give rise not only to questions of practical ethics (What should I do? Is this action fair?) but also to questions of theoretical ethics (Is any one of these standards really right or are they all just arbitrary?). Such experiences are also the main source of moral skepticism, along with the fact that moral judgments appear unverifiable by observation, because there seems to be nothing in experience corresponding to the rightness of an action. Thus these questions, among others, have been generated: What does it mean to say that something is right or good? What makes right actions right? How can disputes about moral questions be resolved? It is the task of ethics to answer such questions. But not only by the standards set by the individual but also the way society judge individual actions. Since what can be seen as right by one individual; can be considered wrong by another and the same applies as we go from society to society. Those rules or moral values, ethics, are tough to us by our parents, family, teach to us by religious traditions and values, teachers and roll models. We all learn by experience. At some point in our lives we learn the basic rules of the society in which we belong, this learning process is the basic foundation to our set of ethics, a sum of the individual personal values that will guide us the rest of our life. Because there seems to be experience corresponding to the rightness of an action it is my believe that ethics are attached to the personality and the moral values of each individual. Morality and ethics are in my opinion a sum of personal believes that provides the individual with the basic values of right or wrongs to live a productive life that is compatible with the expectations of society and accordingly with the individual principles. Each individual has the responsibility to do what is right regardless of consequences, moral courage. A strong moral courage will develop from a solid foundation of the individual set of values. That foundation, which is the sum of his personal believes will determine our actions upon a given situation, and that foundation, our previous experiences and our rationality will provide the answer to any given ethical question. Since individual ethics are base on individual morals, and the basic foundation we mentioned early, them any ethical answer will always be mark as right or wrong by the individual. Since he will act base on his/her believes of right or wrong. Depending on how solid and how normal, ( when compared to other members of that society), our foundation is, our ethics will be accepted and will be compatible with the social group we grow up with. Actions that violate the acceptable norm of ethics in a given society will be look as violations to those values established within that society or group. In some instances this failure to adhere to the established standard or pattern will be intolerable by the members of the given society and rejection and seclusion from that group might occur. Compare the ethical solution to an individual in two separate situations: On the first situation; the individual is alone in a room with $100.00. It will be very easy for the individual to put the money in his pocket and continue on. But his values, and what that social group has taught him, and will accept as appropriate, stops the individual from putting the $100.00 in his pocket. Besides, if he get caught he will be severely criticized by the social group. On the second situation the same individual is undergoing a diet program, he is not suppose to eat any snacks, as the individual progress in his diet he decides to cheat the diet and get a snack, therefor violating his diet. In this case the lack of moral courage to do what is right is what drives the individual to break his diet. On the first situation we can say that the individual actions are guided by social rules, while in the second situation his situation is influenced by his own values and believes. He knows society condemns stealing, on the other hand eating that snack violates his diet, but is not condemn by society. Which it brings another point ethical decisions are sometimes based on consequences more than in guidance. And this will most definitely varies from the situation and individual. Here is where individual moral courage comes in place. Ethics will always present a question for man of all ages and periods of history. The search for fulfillment and understanding of right or wrongs , good or bad, never ends.