                        

     ⮢ ⥫䮭 -  ⥫쭮, 㤮  ࠪ筮.  
   ⮢  ⥫䮭 (ਬ - GSM-1800    䥤ࠫ
஬)  । ⥬ ,     祭 業 
ࠧ 楫    .      ,      
⮢ 裡  ⠯ ࠧࠡ⪨ 뢠 :
     - ।⠢  ଠ樨    筮 ⮯  (
筮  ஢);
     -   訢 ࠧ஢;
     - 䨪 ஢ (, ६, ⥣ਨ  ..) 뢠饩 
ਭ饩 맮 ஭;
     - ⠭樮 祭 䮭  訢.
      ..
      ⮣,   裡    ⥬    (  ࠧ뢠⥫  楫)
 ஢        ⮢  ⥬ 裡 ७
᫠,  ⠭  祩  ࠧ த  堪஢  
室楢.

     , ନ, , ᢥ ࠧ ⢥ত ଠ
  筮 ⠭ ⠯    (    
     ⠭  NMT-450,  ⮣  ஢ ⠭
GSM,  D-AMPS,  CDMA -  ⠭ ⮯    
筮  ).

                  " " 﫠  ᫥
        
           " ", N33(292)  28.04.97, .6
                          ਩ 쪮

     ⮢    "   "  ᮢ⭮    ୮
 Ramax International ।⠢ ࠧࠡ ⮬⨧஢
⥬ ᮯ஢  ꥪ⮢.
     ஬ ᯥ祭 筮 쭮 裡  ⥬  ।祭
    ᯥ祭   ᭮   ।   㧮      筮
᭮.  ᮧ   ⮢  " ".
     न ꥪ, 饣 ⥬, ⮡ࠦ  ஭
  業ࠫ쭮 ᯥ᪮  ().  砥 ⪫ 
࠭  ,   ६    ⥫
 "ॢ"   । "ॢ ᮮ饭" (㪮 
㠫쭮).  筮  । ⮭宦 ꥪ -  30 
70 ஢.
      㢥  ࠧࠡ稪,  ᬮ  ᮪ ⮨ 
⮢   -  $1500,  -  ⠬  ⠭  ⮯ॢ稪,
⠬ ࣠,  㦡 樨  ᭮ ,  ࠭
।.
     । ⢮  ⥬  ॠ樨 ணࠬ
 㤥, ࠡ⭨ ࠢ࠭⥫ ࣠,   .
      ᫮   ஥⠬  " " 
ࠢ,   ⭮,  ᪮쪮 㤠  ⮢ 
⥬.   ⮬,   ᫮, ஥ 㤥 ७⠡ 稭 
ࢮ .   ᯥ祭 䨤樠쭮 ।  
⥬ ᮯ஢ " " ᮢ⭮  筮-孨᪨
業஬ "⫠" ࠫ쭮 ⢠ ࠢ⥫쭮 裡  ଠ樨
()   ।⠢  ।⢠  ஢      ।
ଠ樨.   ࠫ쭠   ணࠬ,      ॠ    ,
।ᬠਢ,    ⭮,  ᮧ ⥣ࠫ쭮 ⥬ 裡 
 樨 ࣠  , 䮭, ।⨩ 
࣠権,  㦤   ଠ樨.

       ,   ⮬   GSM -   ⠫  ࠭
ᠬ 㯭  뢠.

                  , 27 ५ 1998,  16

                             堨 

                           GSM

     樠 ᨬ   ࠧࠡ稪   ᬠ-    (Smartcard
Developer Association,   www.scard.org)        ᫥⥫  
 ફ  ᮮ騫,      㤠  ஢  ⮢
⥫䮭 ⠭ GSM.
     ⠭ GSM (Groupe Speciale Mobile),  ࠧࠡ⠭ ய᪨
⮬       ⥫㭨樮       ⠭⮢       (European
Telecommunications Standard institute),   ᥣ譨   
ᠬ  ࠭      -  ᯮ  79 .  ⮢
⮢,  २⢥   ࠭  ய    .      
⠫,    ⥫䮭 GSM  ⮫  ⮩,   
    ⮫쪮  ,      ࠧ,      ᤥ
᪮쪮 ⮢, ६    ⥬  ஬.
  ४ ⮢  Pacific Bell, ਬ, ࠦ
஢   ⢥ত,   ⥫䮭 GSM ⠪ த
.
        GSM    ࠧ  ,    ⢥ ࠭
 ਯ⮣᪨   ⬮   -          ᮫⭠
. ᥪ祭 ⥬ (ᯮ騥  GSM,    ⮫쪮)
ࠪ᪨  뢠 梨묨.   ࠭    
⠭ .
     ஢       GSM   ࠭       让
ᬠ-,    ⠢   ⥫䮭.   ,  뢠
⠪   㫥   䨪樨   짮⥫   (SIM   -   Subscriber
Identification   Module),      ।⠢  ᮡ  ᯮ
.  ,   ,    ᯮ짮  
   ⠭   ⥫䮭.   㦥      ᭮
  ᥪ ଠ   SIM  ९  
㣮,  ᮧ     ࢮ ⥫䮭.  ஢ ⥫䮭,
墠뢠 ଠ  ,    ,  SDA  ᪫砥
⠪   饬.
     ⠭,   ਯ⮣᪨ ⮤  ᯮ  
GSM, SDA ਢ   祭  ᫥⥫  
ફ -      (David  Vagner)      ࣠   (Ian
Goldberg).   祬    ⪨  (!)   㦨   ⬥
COMP128,  ᯮ   ଠ樨  SIM.    ᫮
,       諨    ࠭,  ᫨   뫨
㡫.
      뢮    ᤥ  ஬    ?
० ᥣ,  栬 ⮢  ⥫䮭      ᫥  ᮡ
ᯮ.   䨧᪮ 㯠,   ࠩ ,   ᪮쪮
ᮢ,      ᬮ  ஢  (  ࠭⨩  
饥   ).    ⮢ ⥩ 뢠  祭
⭮ 樨.    ᪮쪮  ୠ⨢  COMP128,
ᥣ    ⮪ ন    GSM.   ⮣,
㢥७    ஢ 뫠 ⮫ ᮪, ,  
SDA,   設⢮   ஢         ந  ஢  
६ 祭  ⥫䮭.
        稭,  祬  ࠧࠡ稪  GSM  ঠ    ᥪ
, ,      㤭⢮     ᯥ㦡.
᫥⥫ ⮩     ᠬ  SDA  㦨  ७  ᫠
㣮 ,  5,   ᯮ     ॣ஢  
訢.      64- ,   ॠ쭮  
ᯮ  54 ,   10   ﬨ. "⢥
஭,  ᮢ  ᫠ ,   樮
㦡 ,  - ᪠ ४ SDA  ᥭ (Marc Briceno).  -
㯠⥫ 㦭   ᥪ⭮  ॣ஢,        
⥫ 室  ᯮ짮 ࠧ୮ ".
     ப,   ᥣ ⮣, 筮 .  ஭
樨  ᯮ짮 ⮫쪮 ⠭,     
㡫筮  㦤.        ᥪ祭  ⥬
    ⥫  ஡      室,      
㯠⥫, ⠪   ஢஢ .

         ᭮ ⮨ ਭ,  ⮡  ᨬ쭮
 ᥡ    堪஢ ⠪   ।⠢⥫ ᯥ㦡?  
 :

     1.     襩  ᭮,    ⥫䮭   ࠧ
:
     - ।      ⥪⮬   䨤樠쭮    ଠ樨.
।।  ⮬  ᢮ ᯮ⮢.
     - 뢠   (  )  ॠ  ,  䠬,
,  ࠡ, ௫,    ..!
     -  ⥪⮬    ६ !
     -  ⥪⮬ 㦤   ᥪ !
     -  砥 ᫨    室   ⥫䮭,
   ᤢ  ॠ   1 ,  ..  ⨬  
 5    ਬ  6,          ਬ
᫥,       쭨  ਬ  ୨.
   ᤢ ६     ,  ..  ⨬    
    11.00    ਬ  12.00,      
ਬ    ..
     -  砥 ᫨ 室   ந   
     묨  ᫮,  ਬ:  " ⨪"  "
⥡".
     -     ( ᫮ ࠧ  ᨣ, 
ᮮ⢥  ᢮ אַ ᮤঠ),   頩  .  
ਬ   ࠦ,  ⨯:  "    ࠡ"  -
  ᨣ  砫 - 樨.
      䠭⠧, ਠ⮢  ⢮.
     2.   ⠭⠬ (ଠ):  AMPS,  ,  -⠩,
ᥬ  ࠭ 裡 -      뢠  堪ࠬ.
:  D-AMPS  (),  GSM (GSM-900  GSM-1800),   MNT-450i
(   ॢ訩    業 ).
