Fuligin: "The color darker than black."  A black without any hue or gloss whatsoever.

Cacogen: Literally, "filthy-born."  A derogatory term for foreigners.

Chiliad: A period of a thousand years.

Hipparch: The commander of a xenagie of cavalry--about 500 mounted soldiers.

Monomachy: Fighting between two individuals.  Dueling.