WINDOWS 95 SECTION 2


Long Filename Support(LFN)
DOS has 8 * 3 (filename and extension) rule.
Windows 95 and up may have up to 256 characters

Potential Issues.

  • The program must be LFN-aware for LFNs to be used and maintained.
  • LFNs can be used with MS-DOS programs but the entire filename must be enclosed in quotes.
  • Some DOS applications use the reserved section of the FAT that is used by LFNs. These applications may corrupt the LFNs.


    • Sharing a Folder
    To enable sharing - (need to have network neighborhood first)
    right-click on the folder. choose sharing. choose the access type.

    * Windows 95 is usually used as a client whereas Windows NT and Novell are used as a server.


    WINDOWS 95 PRINTING FEATURES

    Windows 95 features two types of drivers designed to solve printer problems caused by larger, more complex printer drivers.

    Universal drivers - Generic drivers used for all printers. There are two types:
  • Regular - Used for all printers except PostScript and some Hewlett-Packard InkJet printers. This is used with a mini-driver which gives the characteristics of the specific printer.
  • PostScript - The PostScript universal driver is used with a PostScript minidriver which gives the characteristics of the specific printer. PostScript minidrivers use the Adobe(TM)PDD and SPD printer description format.


    • Mini-drivers - Smaller chunks of code specifically for certain printers.

    Print in Windows 95 uses two data formats:
  • Enhanced Metafile(EMF) - The Windows 95 internal graphics language. A metafile is a collection of internal commmands that Windows 95 uses to crate images.
  • Raw - The printer's natural language such as HPPCL, PostScript, escape codes, and so on. The raw format tends to be printer-specific. Raw for of data for one type of printer may require conversion before it can be printed on a different type of printer.


    • Registry location of printer
    HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\Current Control Set\Services\Class\Printer

    Common Printing Problems
  • hardware connection, printer online
  • turn off metafile spooling
  • correct printer driver configured
  • printer is selected
  • hard disk space available (to write spooler)
  • network permission

    • Try to
  • print from other programs
  • print to a file
  • copy file to a port
  • check for user permission


    • WINDOWS 95 ARCHITECTURE

    Windows 95 can run:
  • MS-DOS-based programs (makes its own Virtual Machine)
  • 16-bit Windows-based programs (uses the same memory space)
  • 32-bit Windows-based programs (makes its own Virtual Machine)


    • General Protection Faults


    Poorly written programs may attempt processes that are not allowed by the operating system.

    System Integrity Violations
  • If a program tries to write to a protected memory address, the Windows 95 system stops the program before it can do any damage and issues a general protection (GP) fault.


    • MS-DOS-Based and 32-bit Windows-Based Programs
  • If one of them attempts to violate system integrity, only that program is affected because of its own Virtual Machine(memory space)


    • 16-bit Windows-Based Programs
  • If a 16-bit Windows-based program attempts to violate system integrity, all other 16-bit programs are stopped.



    • TCP/IP

    Stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. Industry standard suite of protocols designed for wide area networks (WANs).

    Core TCP/IP protocols:

  • Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
  • Internet Protocol (IP)
  • User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
  • Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
  • Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)


    • TCP/IP Services and tools:
  • File Transfer Protocol (TCP)
  • Terminal Emulation Protocol (TELNET)


    • TCP/IP Configuratioin Parameters
    A Windows 95-based computer needs to be configured with three parameters to use TCP/IP in a routed network environment.
  • IP address
  • Subnet mask
  • Default gateway


    • IP address - Logical 32-bit address used to identify a TCP/IP host. Each IP address has two parts - the network ID and the host ID. The network ID identifies all hosts that are on the same physical network. The host ID identifies a device on a network such as a computer or a router. Each computer running TCP/IP requires a unique IP address.
    TCP/IP address consist of a series of four numbers, each number ranging from 0 to 255 separated by periods.
    (Examples)
    131.104.3.27
    129.102.16.2
    129.102.12.7
    133.120.75.8

    To guarantee a worldwide, unique addresses, the TCP/IP addresses are licensed from a central location at the Network Informatioin Center. There are three classes of licenses, each class specifying a range of addresses that can be assigned to the license.

  • IP ADDRESS CLASSES

    • CLASS

    RANGE OF NW IDs

    # OF NETWORKS

    #OF HOSTS/NW

    DEFAULT SUBNET MASK

    A

    1 � 126

    126

    16,777,214

    255.0.0.0

    B

    128 � 191

    16,384

    65,534

    255.255.0.0

    C

    192 � 223

    2,097,152

    254

    255.255.255.0


    Subnet - A subnet is a network in a multiple network environment that creates multiple network identifiers (IDs) derived from a single IP address.