Marks new since last version.
Version 1.50, April 1996.
Marks new since last version.
Edited by Annette ([email protected]), just to prove that I really *don't* have enough to do to occupy my time. :-)
The Red Dwarf References List (RDRL) is a list of explanations for those references made in Red Dwarf to things *outside* of Red Dwarf; eg. people, movies, books, historical events, places of peculiar reputation, whatever. It *is not* an A-Z of Red Dwarf...well, that's what the Programme Guide is for.
The RDRL attempts to identify/explain references to movies, books, songs, famous people, certain places, historical events, etc. The reference can be direct, ie. named (eg. Mary, Queen of Scots); or indirect or alluded to (eg. the singing of "See You Later Alligator"). Things which *generally* will not be counted (though there *will* be a few exceptions) are: furnishings, decorations and possessions (unless referring to one of the above listings); food (unless a proper name or certain brand names); sayings or expressions (unless containing proper names); *broad* religious parallels; scientific terminology (unless containing proper names). As well, there are a very few things which are self-explanatory in the context of the show/book; these are not included as there is nothing left to add. Lastly, a few things must be so well- known there's no need for explanation -- we all know who Jesus was, right? ;-)
The RDRL at the moment is incomplete and may also contain some information which is downright wrong (eg. for a couple of things I've just put two and two together, and *may* have ended up with five!). Anyone who has a correction to existing information (though let's not split hairs), I'd love to hear from you. Please EMAIL me with the substantiated modification (something I can cross-check ideally, and definitely not a "My friend heard on the radio that..."). Thanks. Nearly all of the references are essentially complete as they are now -- mostly I'll only have one to four sentences about each reference. Any reference not containing a "[?]" will not be modified unless it is out and out *wrong*, or there is an additional *definite* allusion that I have missed. Not all things I've marked in this way will necessarily be true external references; and I may not even have the spelling right in some places.
references will be
gratefully accepted in the following categories *ONLY* -- all forms of
the entertainment media; famous people; historical events; places of character.
That the references contained within this document be true references and *not* COINCIDENCES. For example, I haven't included anything about the "Roadrunner act" mention in MAROONED, because it is not specific enough to say for absolute (or very nearly) sure that it's a reference to the Warner Brothers cartoon character. I will not include something unless a definite (or *HIGHLY* likely) connection can be established.
The actual references are divided into three sections.
RED DWARF USA.
*By popular demand!* This small section deals with the few references
from the two American Red Dwarf pilots ("broadcast" scripts).
Only those references not previously or since mentioned in the BBC show.
Any reference which contains "[?]" means that I would like more information pretty pretty please. The position of the "[?]" often gives a good indication of the type of information I want, eg. (1926-[?]) means I would like to know the year of death.
Anything new/modified from the previous version will be marked with
a
The references are listed per episode and book as:
PARALLEL (where appropriate). 'Ideas/inspiration' for
the episode/ story.
Direct references. Listed in the order they
appear in the episode/book.
Indirect references (**). Listed in
the order they appear in the episode/book.
* If a reference is not listed for a particular episode or book, check the COMMON REFERENCES section. *
Biographies may be given for direct people references. Birth/death year given for actors playing a character directly mentioned. The words 'recorded by' as applied to songs do not necessarily indicate the original artist, just a well-known one. Movie dates may be the year of production or year of release. The term 'football' means the game of soccer unless otherwise stated.
To get a copy of the RDRL:
Friday's alt.tv.red-dwarf pages at
http://www.ftech.net/~cobweb/alt.tv.red-dwarf
Michael Nagy's Queeg pages at
http://www.queeg.crater.com
ftp://ftp.queeg.crater.com/pub/red-dwarf/general/
Thanks guys! :-)
If you can get the RDRL by neither of the above means, email me and I'll send you a text copy.
The nature of this document means that it is basically ONE BIG SPOILER. For LOTS OF THINGS (in particular, for the movies "Casablanca", "Alien" and "It's A Wonderful Life"). Consider this a spoiler warning -- read the RDRL at your own risk.
Many many thanks to Grant Naylor, for all things Red Dwarf! *Big* sloppy thanks to Tom Marwede (who really, really cares about this sort of thing!), and also to Raz (my 'foreign' correspondent, constructive critic, and Provider of the Logo!). ;-) Thanks to Friday and Michael Nagy for giving the RDRL a home. Thanks to Ang Rosin, for answering my mini-mini Scouse questionnaire. Thank you: Damone, Cma, Elliedra, Bette Llewellyn, FroggyGrem, Andrew Hetherington, Jim Wraith, Phaedrus, John Coleman, Nadine SFWBWWWW, Fraser, Kerry Galgano, Friday, Pat Berry, Paul Barnes, Laurence Jason Koehn, George Rudy, Tracie Webster, Alsion Campbell, Richard Lockwood, Steve Howell, Kay Annette Bristol, Alexander Lum, GenMelchit, Alan Moon and Todd Pinarchick.
New contributions since
version 1.25: Ang Rosin, Friday, Ian D. Jones, Jim Shaw, Tom Marwede, John
Foster, Allan Jenney, Wendy Lynn O'Boyle, Gavrielle Perry and Bette Llewellyn.
Added thanks to Jim Shaw for pointing out that Leonardo da Vinci was not
in fact born 23 years after he died! *Extra* special thanks to Linda Stephens,
for all the "Bad News".
A red dwarf is a type of star. Red dwarf stars are very long-lived and are probably the most abundant stars in the universe. The closest star to Earth (besides its own Sun) is the red dwarf star Proxima Centauri (magnitude 11, 4.3 light years away), a companion to the binary star Alpha Centauri. The RED DWARF's shuttle crafts' names (excepting Starbug) are also types of stars.
The closest planet to your actual sun. Named after the messenger to the Roman gods.
Second planet from the sun. Named after the Roman goddess of love.
Fourth planet from the sun. Named after the Roman god of war.
Fifth from the sun and largest planet. Named after Jupiter, chief of the Roman gods. Satellites: Ganymede (named after the cupbearer of Zeus, Greek equivalent of Jupiter), Io (named after a lover of Zeus), Europa (named after another lover of Zeus), Callisto (surprise surprise, yet another of Zeus's conquests).
Ringed planet, sixth from the sun. Named after a Roman god of agriculture. Satellites: Titan (named for a race of primeval Greek gods), Mimas, Tethys (named after a Titan sea-goddess), Dione (named after a Greek earth-goddess), Rhea (named after a Titan mother- goddess), Hyperion (named after a Titan sun-god), Phoebe (named after a Titan moon-goddess).
Seventh planet from the sun. Named after a Greek sky god, father of the Titans. Satellite: Miranda.
Eighth or ninth planet from the sun. Named after the Roman god of water. Satellite: Triton (named after the merman son of Poseidon, the Greek equivalent of Neptune).
Eighth or ninth planet from the sun. Named after the Roman god of the underworld.
Fiji, Denmark, Bermuda, Portugal, Uruguay, India, Spain, The Vatican, Burma, Bulgaria, Bosnia, France, Poland, Austria, England, Italy, USA, Macedonia, Turkey, Bahamas, Czechoslovakia, Bolivia, Iran, Taiwan, Belgium, Estonia, Egypt, Cuba, Japan, Greece, Great Britain, Mexico, Norway, Wales, Albania, The Netherlands, China, Vietnam, Persia, South Africa, Germany, Russia, Luxembourg, Scotland, Mongolia, Armenia, Australia, Syria, Korea, Sweden, Tunisia, Tanzania, Morocco, Ireland, Canada, Cornwall, Prussia, Alsace, Bali, Java, Malagasy Republic, Zanzibar, West Indies, Flanders, Burgundy, Corsica, Texas, Oregon, Indiana, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Alaska, New Mexico, Hawaii, Kentucky, Yorkshire.
Washington, Chicago, Salzburg, Hilo, London, Paris, Liverpool, Copenhagen,
Helsinki, New York (Manhattan), Moscow, San Francisco, Houston, Madras,
Rome, Berlin, Turin, Florence, Bangalore, Havana, Warsaw, Casablanca, Bonn,
Tokyo, Oslo, Newcastle, Acapulco, Boston, Birmingham, Laredo, Dallas, Gouda,
Venice, Marbella, Kiev, Lagos, Beverly Hills, Detroit.
Boys' toy, a doll in the style of G.I. Joe.
Aigburth Arms:A real pub, on Victoria Road, in Aigburth -- an area of (and former village outside of) Liverpool. Though its pool table allowed Lister to become the stuff of legend, this pub did not always have this apparatus on which to be a Cinzano Bianco.
Ascension Thursday is the feast day commemorating Christ's ascension into Heaven.
(1561-1626) English politician, philosopher and essayist.
Character in Alfred Hitchcock's movie "Psycho" (1960). Played by Anthony Perkins (1932-1992), Bates had killed his mother and absorbed her persona into himself; in his insanity he kept his mother's skeletal remains as part of his delusion that she was still with him.
(1770-1827) German composer, conductor and pianist; continued composing even after being afflicted with deafness in 1801.
(1841-1918) James Gordon Bennett, Jr., American newspaper magnate (whose father, James Gordon Bennett, founded the New York Herald in 1835). Bennett was known for his extravagant and capricious behaviour, and his name has become synonymous with a feeling of exasperation such as he frequently caused in people. See the FAQ for more details.
Sticky substance used for attaching posters to walls (for those for whom chewing-gum doesn't quite do the trick).
Town near Liverpool, England.
(1924- ) American actor. Best known roles in "A Streetcar Named Desire" (1947), "The Wild One" (1954) and "On The Waterfront" (1954), this last for which he won an Oscar. Recently seen in "Don Juan De Marco" (1995) with Johnny Depp.
(c.563-483 BC) 'The Enlightened One', title of Nepalese Prince Gautama Siddhartha. Went from a life of luxury to one of asceticism before turning to meditation, after which he achieved enlightenment while sitting under a bo tree in India. His teaching founded the religion of Buddhism.
Religion originating in India around 500 BC from the teachings of Prince Gautama Siddhartha (Buddha, 'The Enlightened One'). No deity worship, but a doctrine of karma and reincarnation, and a philosophy of good/evil being rewarded/ punished in future incarnations.
(12-41) Gaius Caesar. Mentally unstable, cruel and depraved Emperor of Rome (37-41). Besides the 'excesses' mentioned by Lister in MELTDOWN, Caligula ('Little Boots') also made a consul of his favourite horse Incitatus. Finally an officer of the guard could stand this sort of rot no longer, and so Caligula was assassinated.
(1913-1960) French existentialist novelist; won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1957.
(1897-1991) Italian-born American writer, producer and director. Triple Oscar winner for directing, his films include "It Happened One Night" (1934), "Mr. Smith Goes To Washington" (1939), "Arsenic And Old Lace" (1944) and "It's A Wonderful Life" (1946).
(1899-1981) American singer, songwriter, pianist and bandleader. Wrote many songs for film and TV and often appeared on celluloid as himself to perform the songs.
(1942) Classic film starring Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Bergman; love versus political principles in World War II Morocco. Waiting to be definitively remade starring Peter Beardsley and Myra Binglebat. ;-)
Danny John-Jules has modelled the Cat in part on the American singer James Brown (1928- ; for his 'screech'), the American singer Little Richard (1935- ; for his bouffant hair) and the American actor Richard Pryor (1940- ; for his facial mannerisms).
Champion was the horse of American cowboy singer/actor Gene Autry. From 1955-1956 Champion was the star of a CBS children's show called "The Adventures Of Champion". This show starred Barry Curtis as 12 year old Ricky North, who was always getting into serious scrapes and being rescued by his Wonder Horse, Champion, and his faithful German shepherd dog called Rebel.
(1941) Movie written and directed by, and starring in the title role, Orson Welles (1915-1985). A psychological study of the life of a newspaper magnate (Charles Foster Kane), the movie is much studied and is lauded as a cinematic masterpiece.
Robert, Baron Clive of Passey (1725-1774). British soldier/administrator who established British rule in India. Governor of Bengal.
Perhaps a later version of the dance competition "Come Dancing". [?]
(1912- ) American singer, and sometime actor and TV variety show host. Hits included many songs from movies, such as "Blue Moon" (from "Words And Music", 1958) and the No. 1 "Some Enchanted Evening" (from "South Pacific", 1949). Although, my hopelessly inadequate book fails utterly to mention what was stashed in his slacks during the singing of "Memories Are Made Of This".
Song about love, murder and regrets at the hottest spot north of Havana (where music and passion were always the fashion). Recorded by Barry Manilow.
(1899-1973) British playwright, director, actor, composer and producer. Well-known play -- "Private Lives" (1930).
Scrumdiddlyumptious chocolate-covered honeycomb bars, made by Cadbury.
Da Vinci, Leonardo: (1452-1519) Italian artist, scientist and inventor. Works include the paintings "The Last Supper" (1495) and the "Mona Lisa" (1503-1506). Sketches of his inventions show plans for 'tanks', 'aeroplanes', 'submarines', a 'helicopter' and even the first 'bicycle'.
(1967) American/Spanish movie set during World War II, about a commando suicide squad recruited from lifer convicts (starring Lee Marvin and Charles Bronson). Novel by E.M. Nathanson.
Town on the south coast of England with a popular reputation as a retirement haven for older/elderly people.
Famous Parisian landmark named after and constructed by the French engineer Gustave Eiffel (1832-1923), for the Paris Exhibition of 1889.
(1879-1955) Pretty famous physicist actually, and the theory goes that Einstein = Mister Clever (too).
(1862-1890) Joseph (commonly erroneously referred to as John) Merrick, a man with hideous deformities in the form of huge masses of bulbous flesh, thought to be the result of a rare disease called Proteus syndrome.
The second language of Red Dwarf, and one that Rimmer has been trying unsuccessfully to learn for eight years. Esperanto is an artificial, logical language incorporating principles/words derived from major European languages. It was devised in 1887 by Polish philologist Ludwig Zamenhof (1859-1917).
Indisputably-classic cartoon from Hanna-Barbera, about two Bedrock suburban couples (Fred and Wilma Flintstone, and Barney and Betty Rubble).
Book by Mary Shelley, published 1818. A scientist (Frankenstein) creates a monster by reanimating corpse tissue, and then suffers the consequences. Apparently, truly stupid people (and Cats) erroneously believe that it was the monster, not its creator, who was called Frankenstein.
Geometric and Engineering Drawing. A GCSE subject, also known as Technical Drawing (or Mechanical and Engineering Drawing at "O" Level). Goering, Hermann: (1893-1946) The 'bit dodgy, drug-crazed Nazi transvestite' associate of Hitler. Established the Gestapo and concentration camps. Committed suicide before he could be executed for war crimes.
(1939) American movie about love during the American Civil War. Starring Clark Gable and Vivien Leigh. A run-time of three hours and forty minutes.
Electric organ invented in America in 1934 by Laurens Hammond (1895-1973).
(1892-1957) Rotund partner in the American comedy duo Laurel and Hardy (Stan Laurel was thin), who had great popular success in over 200 films during the late 1920s to mid-1940s. Hilarity came from how they set one another off -- Stan was the worrier and bumbler, Ollie the fastidious one with the slow- burning temper.
(1942-1970) American singer and master guitar wizard. Songs include "Hey Joe", "All Along The Watchtower" and "The Star-Spangled Banner" (at Woodstock, 1969).
(1889-1945) Leader of the runners-up (the nasty Nazis) in World War II, and generally not a very nice person.
Song by vaudevillian George M. Cohan.
It's a wonderful film (1946) by Frank Capra, starring James Stewart and Donna Reed. George Bailey (Stewart) is a selfless man who has lived a good life in Bedford Falls, where he frequently gave up his own opportunities for the good of others. One Christmas Eve when things have gone so wrong that George believes everyone would be better off if he were dead, he first attempts suicide, but (after being saved by the angel Clarence) then laments instead that he had ever been born at all. Clarence then takes George on a visit to the town and people of a Bedford Falls where George Bailey had never existed... (Watch this film only with a *big* box of tissues to cry into!) Several characters, buildings, etc. from the film crop up in Lister's fantasy world in the game Better Than Life... Old Man Gower (played by H.B. Warner; 1876-1958) and his drugstore. Bert the cop (played by Ward Bond; 1903-1960). Ernie the cab-driver (played by Frank Faylen; 1907-1985). Martini (played by Bill Edmunds; 1885-1981) and his bar. Potter (played by Lionel Barrymore; 1878-1954). Ma Bailey (played by Beulah Bondi; 1892-1981) and her boarding house. Billy Bailey (played by Thomas Mitchell; 1892-1962). Even though Billy Bailey does not play the tuba in the film, both Billys are a couple of lettuces short of an allotment and are bound to be the same person. There is an Emporium in the film's Bedford Falls, though I doubt it sells shami kebabs! Lister lives at 220 Sycamore Avenue; James Stewart's George Bailey lives at 320 Sycamore. Both Baileys have a clapped-out old piano on which their children play Christmas carols, although Lister's sons Jim and Bexley are playing "Silent Night" while George Bailey's (James Stewart) daughter Janie is playing "Hark The Herald Angels Sing".
(c.1412-1431) French girl who (after inspiration from holy 'voices') led the French army in battles against the English, to free France from English domination. Eventually captured by the English, she was interrogated and tricked into admissions of witchcraft; soon afterwards she was burned at the stake in Rouen. She was canonised in 1920.
The disciple of Jesus who betrayed Him to the authorities for a reward of 30 pieces of silver. He later renounced his reward and suicided in his remorse.
(c.100-44 BC) Roman statesman, general and dictator.
Roman goddess of women and childbirth and wife of Jupiter, chief of the gods.
Textbook on erotics and other forms of human pleasure. Named after Indian god of love (Kama).
(1951- ) British (former) footballer; now manager of the team Newcastle United.
(1917-1963) 35th President of the USA, 1961-1963 (Democrat). The youngest president elected, and also a Roman Catholic (though despite this, *quite* a womaniser). Assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald in Dallas, Texas, November 1963.
Kryten's name comes from the play "The Admirable Crichton" (1902), by J.M. Barrie.
(1775-1834) British essayist and critic.
(1929- ) German-born cabaret/dance band leader and musician. Big success in Europe. Albums such as "Polka Party" and "Violins In Love" indicate both why Rimmer likes him so much and why he's in with the cream of evil on Waxworld! ;-)
(1890-1965) Born in England as Arthur Stanley Jefferson. Thin partner in the American comedy duo Laurel and Hardy (Oliver Hardy was 'rotund'), who had great popular success in over 200 films during the late 1920s to mid-1940s. Hilarity came from how they set one another off -- Stan was the worrier and bumbler, Ollie the fastidious one with the slow-burning temper.
(1940-1980) Singer, songwriter and rhythm guitarist with The Beatles.
Department store. So we know Michelle Fisher was *beautiful* enough to get a job behind the perfume counter, but was she also vicious enough? I mean, that killer ability to leap out and spray customers with perfume as they pass the counter...that can only come from *instinct*, not training.
(1809-1865) 'Honest Abe', 16th President of the USA (1861-5, Republican). President during the time of the American Civil War, he was concerned with preserving the Union and freeing the slaves. He was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth while attending a play.
(1955) Best-known novel of the Russian writer Vladimir Nabokov, it tells the story of a middle-aged man's obsession with a 12 year old girl.
(1754-1793) King of France 1774-1793. After the French Revolution in 1789, Louis and his family lost power, but not until 1792 were the Royal Family taken prisoner by the French government. After being tried for treason, Louis was guillotined in 1793.
([?]- ) American novelist, and music industry influence (eg. introduced Elton John to the American music scene).
(1755-1793) Queen of Louis XVI of France. Her alleged extravagance helped to provoke the French Revolution in 1789. In 1793 she was tried for treason, and then guillotined along with her husband.
American sailing ship found abandoned in the Atlantic Ocean in 1872. Only some navigation instruments, the cargo charts, and the human crew were missing (never found), with no indication of why they might have left the otherwise-intact ship.
(1942- ) Singer, songwriter and rhythm/bass guitarist with The Beatles.
(1935-1995) American actor. Leading man in over 20 B- grade films, including "The King's Pirate" (1967), "The Land That Time Forgot" (1975) and "The People That Time Forgot" (1977); recently seen in "Maverick" (1994) with Mel Gibson. Also made several TV series including "Checkmate", "The Virginian" and "Out Of This World". He died of lung cancer aged 59.
(1926-1962) American actress and sex symbol. Best- known films include "How To Marry A Millionaire" (1953), "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes" (1953), "The Seven Year Itch" (1955) and "Some Like It Hot" (1959).
Clothing/suit hire establishment.
(1756-1791) Austrian genius composer, and virtuoso piano and violin player.
One of the little people in the American film "The Wizard Of Oz" (1939) starring Judy Garland. From the novels by L. Frank Baum.
(1769-1821) Born at Ajaccio on the island of Corsica. General, dictator and Emperor of the French (as Napoleon I; 1804-1814).
(1758-1805) British (naval) admiral. During the French Revolutionary Wars he lost the sight of his right eye (1794), and lost his right arm in 1797.
(1642-1727) British physicist and mathematician. Laid the foundations of modern physics, including developing calculus, discovering the law of gravity and developing the laws of motion. Apparently had a penchant for sitting under apple trees.
Two waterfalls on the Niagara River on the Canadian (Ontario) and USA (New York state) border.
(1913-1994) 37th President (1969-74) of the USA, a Republican. He resigned over scandals including his involvement in the Watergate cover-up.
(1885-1945) American general during World War II.
(1915-1995) American guitarist and inventor.
The day the Apostles experienced inspiration by the Holy Spirit. Commemorated on Whit Sunday.
(1930- ) British dramatist and former actor. Author of "The Caretaker" (1960).
Brushed-up hairstyle named for the Marquise de Pompadour (Jeanne Antoinette Poisson, 1721-1764), mistress of King Louis XV of France.
(1935-1977) The King is (officially!) dead. Long live the King!
(c.580-500 BC) Greek philosopher and mathematician.
(1940- ) Drummer with the Beatles.
(1898-1976) Bass (called baritone) singer, and sometime actor.
(1182-1226) Founder of the Franciscan Friars. All-round animal lover (healing the sick ones and taming the wild ones) and patron saint of ecologists.
Telephone suicide counsellors (group established in Great Britain in 1953). The name derives from the sect Samaritans, inhabitants of the area of northern Israel called Samaria. See also from the Bible, the parable of the Good Samaritan (Luke 10:25-37).
Dry white wine derived from Sauvignon Blanc.
(1905-1980) French writer/philosopher, apparently with a penchant for poncing around in black polo-neck sweaters...
Shake 'N' Vac: A carpet-deodorising powder which is shaken onto a carpet and which releases an odour-killing fragrance when the carpet is vacuumed.
(1564-1616) English dramatist (actor and playwright) and poet.
The day before the beginning of Lent.
Computer named for Clive Sinclair (1940- ), inventive British electronics engineer. Both the Sinclair ZX81 and ZX80 became available in 1980, and were the first sub-UKP100 computers.
Chapel in The Vatican, most famously decorated with frescoes (by Michelangelo, done between 1508-1512) of scenes from the Book of Genesis.
White marble mausoleum in Agra, India. Built in the mid- 1600s by Shah Jahan in memory of his favourite wife.
Nazi Germany under Hitler's dictatorship.
The Italian city of Turin is home to a Christian relic in the form of a piece of cloth with an 'imprint' of a man upon it; it is believed by many to be the burial shroud of Jesus Christ, but scientific testing has shown the cloth to date only from the 13th or 14th century.
Roman name for the Greek mythological hero Odysseus. Hero of the Trojan War, subject of Homer's "Odyssey" and also appearing in his "Iliad".
One of the nine virgin (well until they met the Cat) semidivine priestesses of Freya (goddess of love and beauty) in Norse mythology.
(1853-1890) Dutch Postimpressionist painter. Given to bouts of insanity, after one of which he cut off his own ear. He shot himself at the age of 37 during another spell of madness. Paintings include "Still Life With Sunflowers" (1888), "Cornfield With Cypresses" (1889) and "Self-Portrait" (1890).
Enormous palace outside of Paris, residence of the Kings of France from 1682 to 1790. The 'palace' also contains several subsidiary palaces, as well as enormous and intricate sculpted gardens.
(1819-1901) Queen of Great Britain 1837-1901. Longest- reigning British monarch, and called 'Grandmother of Europe' by virtue of the marriages of her nine children and their descendants into the royal houses of Europe.
(1907-1979) The Duke. American actor most popularly known for his roles in Western films (winning an Oscar for "True Grit", 1969).
(1915- ) American novelist, and winner of the Pulitzer Prize (1952) for "The Caine Mutiny" (1951); more recent novels include "The Winds Of War" (1971) and "War And Remembrance" (1978).
(1542-1587) Queen of Scotland 1542-1567. Executed on the orders of Elizabeth I of England. Her son James VI of Scotland later became James I of Great Britain.
The square of the hypotenuse of a right-angle triangle is equal to the sum of the squares of its other two sides. You will be tested.
"If I Only Had A Brain" from the movie "The Wizard Of Oz" (1939), starring Judy Garland.
The flag of Wales -- the Red Dragon of Cadwallader over a green and white background.
"See You Later Alligator", an early rock 'n' roll song (1956). Recorded by Bill Haley And The Comets.
"Me And My Shadow"; has been performed by several artists over the years, including Frank Sinatra and Judy Garland. Can be heard in the 1981 British movie "Time Bandits", starring John Cleese and Sean Connery.
A hairdresser, of course. Here's hoping they're better at it than Holly is.
Personal organiser. For those not important enough to warrant having a secretary.
Crack military group, Special Forces of the US Army. In 1961, the best of the Special Forces were granted the honorific "Green Beret" by President Kennedy.
(1946- ) British singer and actress. Famous for having a hit single at the age of 14, and for wearing bouffant hair. ;-)
Information books on a level for children.
Club in Las Vegas.
A spaced-up version of "My Darling Clementine".
"Fly Me To The Moon", recorded by Frank Sinatra.
The "Death March Of Saul" (1738) by the German composer George Frideric Handel.
Holly has made him into a Beatles wannabe.
(1809-1847) German composer, pianist and conductor.
British heavy metal band.
(1627-1691). British chemist who made quantitative studies of gases, enabling him to formulate Boyle's Law of Gases. Of course, he may also have made study of the dangers of eating greasy food...
PARALLEL -- The play "Waiting For Godot" (1952) by Samuel Beckett, about two tramps trapped by delusion, ignorance and hope in the form of waiting for a mysterious someone called Godot.
(1802-1885) French novelist. Best-known books include "Notre-Dame De Paris" (The Hunchback Of Notre Dame -- 1831) and "Les Miserables" (1862).
(1564-1642) Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer and developer of the astronomical telescope.
(1847-1931) American scientist and prolific inventor (inventions included the phonograph and the lightbulb).
Scruffy detective played by Peter Falk (1927- ) in the American TV series/movies of the same name. Not to be confused with Christopher Columbus (1451-1506), the Italian explorer who discovered America (1492), and generally was believed to dress quite nicely (except when portrayed in the movies by Gerard Depardieu).
Area of the Atlantic Ocean (roughly bounded by the southern USA coast, Bermuda, and the Greater Antilles) in which more than 70 ships and aeroplanes have allegedly disappeared. Alien abductions constitute a favourite 'explanation' for these supposed disappearances.
Variation on the "I think, therefore I am" principle by Rene Descartes.
In the movie "Alien" (1979) starring Sigourney Weaver and John Hurt, this is precisely what happened to Hurt's character Kane when he went off investigating alien 'eggs'.
Toccata and Fugue in g minor, by the German composer Johann Sebastian Bach.
(1890-1976) British writer, author of more than 70 detective novels.
Belgian detective character in several Agatha Christie novels.
Perhaps not surprisingly, sounds very like the American actor James Stewart (1908- ), star of the movie "It's A Wonderful Life" (1946).
Holly is reading Agatha Christie's "Murder On The Orient Express" (1934). The Orient Express is the train in question. And Holly is on the case and kicking bottom -- they *did* all do it.
The movie "Alien" (1979), starring Sigourney Weaver and John Hurt, had as its cinema publicity tag "In space, no one can hear you scream."
North West Electricity Board.
(1915-1985) American actor, director, writer and producer. Notable works include the 1938 "War Of The Worlds" radio broadcast, and the movie "Citizen Kane" (1941) which won him an Oscar for Original Screenplay.
Charon. Named after the ferryman on the River Styx in the underworld (Hades) in Greek mythology.
as he utters his dying words "Gazpacho soup!", his outstretched hand, and the breaking of the globe containing Red Dwarf: Reminiscent of the opening scene of "Citizen Kane" (1941) starring Orson Welles, in which Kane (Welles) in close-up utters his dying words "Rose bud", then drops from his outstretched hand a snow-globe which shatters on the stairs.
Patterned after Groucho Marx (1890-1977), American comedy actor.
A Boy Scout salute.
PARALLEL -- The play "The Admirable Crichton" (1902) by J.M. Barrie. Made into a film (1957) starring Kenneth More. A nobleman and his family are shipwrecked, and the manservant (Crichton) proves his mettle.
Producer and director of "Androids", whose surname is also used by Lister as an insult. Named after a producer, and former head of comedy at the BBC, Gareth Gwenlan. (See also below.)
(1954) American film about hoodlum motorcyclists who terrorise a small town. Starring Marlon Brando and Lee Marvin.
(1969) American film about two drop-out motorcyclists. Starring Dennis Hopper, Peter Fonda and Jack Nicholson.
(1955) American film about a troubled/ troublesome poor little rich boy. Starring James Dean and Natalie Wood.
Parody of the Australian soap opera "Neighbours", which starred
for a time the Australian actress/singer *Kylie* Minogue (recently seen
in the movie "Streetfighter", 1995, with Jean- Claude Van Damme).
The lines "Androids, everybody needs good androids" and "Androids
have feelings too" of the "Androids" theme song mimic the
lines "Neighbours, everybody needs good neighbours" and "That's
when good neighbours become good friends" of the "Neighbours"
theme song. One thing though -- if the androids are supposed to have Australian
accents, Ms. Gwenlyn went too far east because they sound more like New
Zealanders (though still wide of that mark, too!) than Australians.
Only two words "Twenty-four hours!" but definitely the tune of "Twenty-Four Hours From Tulsa". Recorded by Gene Pitney.
A children's book from the "Spot" (a dog) series, by Eric Hill.
Variation on "I think, therefore I am" by Rene Descartes.
"What are you rebelling against?" Kryten: "Whaddya got?" Lines from the movie "The Wild One" (1954) starring Marlon Brando as Johnny, leader of the Black Rebels Motorcycle Club, and wearer of leather (a la Kryten as he prepares to leave Red Dwarf on Lister's space-bike). Girl: "Hey Johnny, what are you rebelling against?" Johnny: "Whaddya got?"
Berni Inn: A chain of steak-house restaurants.
Two falsetto-voiced singing puppet piglets on the 1950s-1960s BBC (later ITV) children's show "Pinky And Perky" (created by Jan and Vlasta Dalibor).
Blind villain in the novel "Treasure Island" (1883) by Robert Louis Stevenson.
Nine movies to date, about this deathly date. Horror movies in which teenagers meet their deaths in a variety of ways at the hands of the unkillable Jason. It's just surprising that in Lister's time they're only up to Part 1649.
(1961- ) British footballer, captain of Newcastle United.
A 12th century non-Semitic race of people. The name has become synonymous with one who is uncivilised in artistic and intellectual terms.
Armless statue of the Roman goddess of love. Currently in the Louvre, Paris.
(1965- ) American actress and former child model. Best-known roles in "Pretty Baby" (1978), "The Blue Lagoon" (1980) and "Endless Love" (1981).
(1896-1940) American writer, author of the novel "The Great Gatsby" (1925).
Presumably what the Inland Revenue Service will become once humankind moves off into space.
Geldof: Presumably named after ("Sir") Bob Geldof (1954- ), lead singer
of the former band Boomtown Rats (best-known song "I Don't Like
Mondays"); later solo artist and sometime-actor. Also humanitarian,
co-organiser of Live Aid 1985, and Nobel Prize nominee.
Where Moses received the Ten Commandments from God.
Allegedly sinful woman, and follower of Jesus after she was cured by Him of possession by evil spirits. The first person to meet Jesus after the Resurrection.
(1926- ) American publisher, and founder of "Playboy" magazine (1953).
"Of all the space-bars in all the worlds, you had to rematerialise in mine." Line from the definitive version of Casablanca (starring Myra Binglebat and Peter Beardsley) which mimics a line in the original version (1942) starring Humphrey Bogart as Rick. Rick: "Of all the gin-joints in all the towns in all the world, she walks into mine."
A Harley Davidson.
In order of appearance, a Reliant Robin, an E-Type Jaguar and a Morris Minor.
Shoe inserts which will absorb/eliminate foot odour or your money back.
(1963- ) Youngest of the singing Osmond family from Utah, having a successful solo career at age nine. Best-known song "Long-Haired Lover From Liverpool".
(1953) American film about love and frustration set in the time of the bombing of Pearl Harbor. Starring Burt Lancaster and Deborah Kerr. Contains the famous scene of Lancaster and Kerr kissing on the beach (yes they are wearing swimsuits) while the waves break over them.
(1905-1980) Italian-born violinist, composer and conductor.
Japanese movie monster, star of several "Godzilla Versus..." movies.
A wad of cotton on a stick, the most romantic thing that Rimmer has ever had in his ear.
"Someone To Watch Over Me", recorded by Linda Ronstadt.
"Peter And The Wolf" (1936) by the Russian composer Sergei Prokofiev.
"Well play it, Sam." In the movie Casablanca (1942), Sam (Dooley Wilson; 1894-1953) is the piano player in Rick's (Humphrey Bogart) Cafe Americain. Rick wants Sam to play the tune "As Time Goes By", and is often erroneously 'quoted' as having said "Play it again, Sam." Rick: "Play it!" Alternatively (but less often mimicked), it may be Ingrid Bergman (as Ilsa) that Lister is imitating. When Ilsa first comes to Rick's cafe, she asks Sam to play the tune... Ilsa: "Play it once Sam. <...> Play it Sam."
PARALLEL -- From the novel "The Caine Mutiny" (1951) by Herman Wouk. The book tells the story of the incompetent sea-captain, Phillip Queeg, whose crew eventually mutinies and takes command from him. Made into a film in 1954, starring Humphrey Bogart in the Oscar-nominated role of Queeg.
PARALLEL -- The opening scroll and its musical accompaniment, akin to those in the movie "Star Wars" (1977) starring Mark Hamill, Harrison Ford and Carrie Fisher.
and Europe; played biennially. Begun in 1926, and named after Samuel
Ryder ([?]).
Mr. Spock:I suppose the logical question to ask now is: Is his urine really
green? (How sad that I am asking that question. How much sadder though
that someone, somewhere, probably knows the answer!)
** The music that Kryten is dancing to while developing his first
lot of photographs: Charles's band The Sons Of Gordon Gekko, named after Michael Douglas's
character in the movie "Wall Street" (1987).
PARALLEL -- The movie "Casablanca" (1942). Rick (Humphrey Bogart) must choose between holding on to the woman he loves (Ilsa, played by Ingrid Bergman) or sending her away with her husband (Victor Laszlo, played by Paul Henreid) for the ultimate good of both Ilsa and Laszlo.
Tales Of The Riverbank: Desire"
(1951; for which he won an Oscar), the TV series "The Streets Of
San Francisco" (mid-1970s, first with Michael Douglas and later
with Richard Hatch), and the commercials for American Express ("Don't
leave home without it").
Camille: "Why my bag, Kryten?"
Kryten: "Because you're getting on that craft with
Hector, where you belong."
Camille: "No, Kryten."
Kryten: "Now you've got to listen to me. Do you have
any idea what you've got to look forward to if you stay
here?"
Camille: "You're saying this only to make me go."
Kryten: "We both know you belong to Hector -- you're
part of his work, you're what keeps him going. If
you're not on that craft when it leaves the hangar,
you'll regret it. Maybe not today, maybe not tomorrow,
but soon, for the rest of your life."
Camille: "What about us?"
Kryten: "We'll always have Parrot's. <...> I'm no good
at being noble, kid, but it's pretty obvious the
problems of two blobs and a droid don't amount to a hill
of beans in this crazy cosmos."
Hector: "Are you ready, Camille?"
Camille: "I'm ready. Goodbye, Kryten. And bless you."
Lines from the airport scene in "Casablanca" where Rick is
convincing Ilsa to leave on the aeroplane with Victor.
Ilsa: "But, why my name Richard?"
Rick: "Because <...> you're getting on that plane with
Victor where you belong. <...>"
Ilsa: "But Richard no, I, I... <...>"
Rick: "Now you've got to listen to me. Do you have any
idea what you've got to look forward to if you stay
here? <...>"
Ilsa: "You're saying this only to make me go."
Rick: "<...> we both know you belong with Victor, you're
part of his work -- the thing that keeps him going. If
that plane leaves the ground and you're not with him,
you'll regret it. Maybe not today, maybe not tomorrow,
but soon and for the rest of your life."
Ilsa: "But what about us?"
Rick: "We'll always have Paris. <...> I'm no good at
being noble but it doesn't take much to see that the
problems of three little people don't amount to a hill
of beans in this crazy world. <...>"
Victor: "Are you ready, Ilsa?"
Ilsa: "Yes I'm ready. Goodbye Rick. God bless you."
series of discrete single-image frames. Also, the manufacturers of
a high-quality 2D painting and animation software/hardware package.
PARALLEL -- Music and 'heroic fighter pilot' type akin to the music and theme of the movie "Top Gun" (1986), starring Tom Cruise and Kelly McGillis. The music parallels the movie's love song "Take My Breath Away", by Berlin.
PARALLEL -- The movie "Westworld" (1973) starring Yul Brynner and Richard Benjamin. The androids of a futuristic robot theme park (with sections such as the Wild West and Ancient Rome) go against their programming, running amok and killing the human guests.
PARALLEL -- The 1984 American movie "The Terminator" (starring Arnold Schwarzenegger, Linda Hamilton and Michael Biehn) about a cyborg from the future, on a mission of termination. Sequel (1991) "Terminator 2: Judgment Day".
** Toastie Toppers:PARALLEL -- The Greek legend (told by Homer) of the Sirens. The Sirens were sisters, half bird and half woman, who lived on an island near the Straits of Messina. The Sirens sang, and any sailor hearing the song could not help but go to the island and be compelled to listen to the singing until his dying day.
PARALLEL -- The Bible, Mark 5:9 and Luke 8:30. Around these verses tells of the healing of a man possessed by demons. In both stories the man gives his name as 'Legion', because many demons have possessed him. See below.
PARALLEL -- From the Bible (Revelation 6), the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse: War (on a red horse), Famine (on a black horse), Death (on a pale horse) and Pestilence (on a white horse). These four were given power "over a fourth of the earth, to kill with sword, with hunger, with death, and by the beasts of the earth".
PARALLEL -- For the detective AR game Lister is playing, the British movie "Gumshoe" (1971); starring Albert Finney as a Liverpudlian who dreams himself as a private eye involved in a murder case.
RED DWARF USA -- PILOT
ONE Weenies: Amish: ** We saw this Cuban guy who kept hitting bongo drums and calling
for "Lucy!": RED DWARF USA -- PILOT
TWO ** The scroll format and lettering "Not so long ago, in a universe
not so very far away...": ** "What if they're...the kind [aliens] that want to enter your
bodily orifices and then burst out at inappropriate moments?": ** Green, acid-filled butts: PARALLEL -- For the game Better Than Life, Frank Capra's movie "It's A Wonderful Life" (1946).
Yankee Stadium: Brian Kidd: ** Saachi, Saachi, Saachi, Saachi, Saachi, and Saachi: PARALLEL -- For the game Better Than Life, Frank Capra's movie "It's A Wonderful Life" (1946).
Morning Has Broken: ** For it is harder for a droid who disbelieveth to pass through the
gates of Silicon Heaven, than it is for a DIN-DIN coaxial cable to
connect up to a standard European SCART socket: PARALLEL -- For Cyberia; the vast isolated northern area (much 'wasteland' and sparsely populated) of Russia called Siberia. From the early 17th century, Siberia was used as a penal colony and general 'dumping ground' for criminals and political prisoners (not all of whom would have shared the same degree of 'guilt').
A Funeral"
(1994) starring Hugh Grant and Andie MacDowell.