1

AU - Ohtsu A

AU - Kusakari H

AU - Maeda T

AU - Takano Y

TI - A histological investigation on tissue responses to titanium

implants in cortical bone of the rat femur.

AB - Implant materials are placed under various sites-including

cortical bone, spongy bone, and bone marrow-at the same

time according to the depth at implantation. Although cortical

bone is an important site for the prognosis of implantation,

detailed reports on tissue responses to implantation have

been meager. The present study aims to reveal tissue responses

to pure titanium implantation in rat femoris cortical bone.

The rats received titanium bars surgically in their femurs

and were sacrificed 1 day to 40 weeks post-implantation.

The prepared tissue specimens were processed for light

and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Further histochemical

detections were performed. One day post-implantation, empty

osteocytic lacunae indicating degeneration of osteocytes

were found in pre-existing cortical bone around the implant.

Such pre-existing bone was replaced by new bone, but remained

in part even 40 weeks post-implantation. Light microscopy

showed that direct contact between the implant and new

bone was identified 12 weeks post-implantation. Chronological

and ultrastructural observation showed that new bone deposition

appeared to proceed toward the implant, and that the intervening

layer at the interface was derived from the degenerated

debris of multinucleated giant cells and/or osteoblasts.

Furthermore, it seemed that the width of intervening layer

varied in relation to the distance from the blood vessels.

The cells showing tartrate resistant acid phosphatase activity

possessed cytological features of osteoclasts under TEM;

they were frequently observed in perivascular sites near

the implants even after osseointegration, suggesting that

bone remodeling took place steadily around the implant.

MH - Femur|*PA/SU/UL

MH - Prostheses and Implants|*

MH - Titanium|*

SO - J Periodontol 1997 Mar; 68(3):270-83

DP - 1997 Mar

TA - J Periodontol

PG - 270-83

IP - 3

VI - 68

UI - 97254793

2

AU - Pazzaglia UE

AU - Brossa F

AU - Zatti G

AU - Chiesa R

AU - Andrini L

TI - The relevance of hydroxyapatite and spongious titanium

coatings in fixation of cementless stems. An experimental

comparative study in rat femur employing histological and

microangiographic techniques.

AB - Pure titanium rods plasma-spray coated with hydroxyapatite

(HA) or porous titanium (Ti) of controlled roughness were

implanted bilaterally in the distal femur of Sprague-Dawley

rats to compare the extent of bone growth on the two types

of coating. The relevance of other factors, like mechanical

stability and biological adaptation of the bone to the

insertion of a foreign body implant, were investigated

in femora which were over-reamed (absence of primary fit)

or reamed without insertion of the rod. Continuous tetracycline

labeling for the first 30 days and for the last 2 weeks

in the 90-day group was performed; histological/histometric,

fluorescence and microangiographic studies were carried

out on serial sections of the implanted and control femora.

In the group of stable implants, HA-coated rods showed

90% integration versus 53% with Ti-coated implants (P <

0.001); in over-reamed implants neither surface bone growth

nor endosteal fixation occurred, and both types of rods

were surrounded by a thick layer of connective tissue.

The study documented early adhesion of osteoblasts and

direct deposition of bone matrix on the substrate, while

on spongious titanium osteogenesis was observed only in

proximity to the surface. Remodeling of the reactive, primary

bone to mature, lamellar bone took the form of a capsule

surrounding the implants and radial bridges connecting

the latter to the endosteal surface. The number, height

and thickness of these bridges appeared to be the factors

determining implant stability, rather than the extent of

the bony capsule on the perimeter of the implant. Integration

was a function not only of mechanical conditions and surface

geometry, but also of the biological response of the whole

bone to changes in the vascularization pattern. The reported

phenomena can be seen more easily in experimental models

involving small rodents because of their fast bone turnover

and revascularization, but it is expected that they take

place, even at a lower speed, in clinical situations like

cementless stems of total hip replacement.

MH - Durapatite|*

MH - Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary|*IS

MH - Neovascularization, Physiologic|*PH

MH - Osseointegration|*PH

MH - Titanium|*

SO - Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 1998; 117(4-5):279-85

DP - 1998

TA - Arch Orthop Trauma Surg

PG - 279-85

IP - 4-5

VI - 117

UI - 98242363

3

AU - Bagambisa FB

AU - Joos U

AU - Schilli W

TI - Interaction of osteogenic cells with hydroxylapatite implant

materials in vitro and in vivo.

AB - In a series of scanning electron microscopic studies, the

reaction of osteogenic cells to hydroxylapatite (HA) implant

materials was investigated in culture and following implantation.

Tissue components as found in normal rat and dog bone were

identified at the interface in both test systems. In vivo,

implant bed cells showed an intimate contact with the HA

surfaces. Osteoblasts deposited organic matrix and bone

mineral in direct apposition to HA, with no evidence of

encapsulation or granulation tissue. The development of

such a direct spatial relationship appears to involve mechanisms

more encompassing than epitaxis.

MH - Dental Implants|*

MH - Hydroxyapatites|*

MH - Osteocytes|*UL

SO - Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1990 Fal; 5(3):217-26

DP - 1990 Fal

TA - Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants

PG - 217-26

IP - 3

VI - 5

UI - 91276501

4

AU - Lin FH

AU - Huang YY

AU - Hon MH

AU - Wu SC

TI - Fabrication and biocompatibility of a porous bioglass ceramic

in a Na2O-CaO-SiO2-P2O5 system.

AB - A porous bioglass ceramic was prepared from a finely pulverized

bioglass powder mixed with particles of two sizes (5 and

500 microns) of 30% by weight with the foaming agent polyethylene

glycol 4000 (HO (C2H4O) nH). The batch composition of the

bioglass was Na2O 12%, CaO 28%, SiO2 50% and P2O5 10% by

weight. The specimens, formed by pressing, were sintered

in a high temperature furnace. In this study we are concerned

with the preparation and microstructure of the material

and its performance in biological tests. The microstructure

and crystalline phases of the material were investigated

by differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis,

transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron

microscopy. In a biomedical examination, it was shown that

the porous material was compatible with animal tissues.

The microstructure of the implant indicated that newly

grown bone interlocked well with the glass ceramic and

that macropores and micropores were distributed uniformly

in the material, which provided channels for bone ingrowth

and improved the microscopic bioresorption.

MH - Biocompatible Materials|*

MH - Ceramics|CH/*CS

SO - J Biomed Eng 1991 Jul; 13(4):328-34

DP - 1991 Jul

TA - J Biomed Eng

PG - 328-34

IP - 4

VI - 13

UI - 91366917

5

AU - Fini M

AU - Nicoli Aldini N

AU - Gandolfi MG

AU - Mattioli Belmonte M

AU - Giavaresi G

AU - Zucchini C

AU - De Benedittis A

AU - Amati S

AU - Ravaglioli A

AU - Krayewski A

AU - Rocca M

AU - Guzzardella GA

AU - Biagini G

AU - Giardino R

TI - Biomaterials for orthopedic surgery in osteoporotic bone:

a comparative study in osteopenic rats.

AB - To evaluate orthopedic devices in pathological bone, an

experimental study was performed by implanting Titanium

(Ti) and Hydroxyapatite (HA) rods in normal and osteopenic

bone. Twenty-four rats were used: 12 were left intact (

Control: C) while the other 12 were ovariectomized (OVX)

. After 4 months all the animals were submitted to the

implant of Ti or HA in the left femoral condyle (Ti-C,

HA-C, Ti-OVX, HA-OVX). Two months later the animals were

sacrificed for histomorphometric, ultrastructural and microanalytic

studies. Our results show a significant difference between

the Affinity Index (A.I.) of HA-C and Ti-C (77.0 +/- 7.

4 vs 61.2 +/- 9.7) (p < 0.05). No significant differences

were observed between the osteointegration of Ti-C and

Ti-OVX (61.2 +/- 9.7 vs 48.2 +/- 6.7). Significant differences

also exist between the osteointegration of HA-C and HA-

OVX (77.0 +/- 7.4 vs 57.6 +/- 11.5) (p < 0.01). Microanalysis

shows some modifications in Sulphur (S) concentration at

the bone/biomaterial interface of the Ti-OVX group. Therefore

our results confirmed the importance of biomaterials characteristics

and of bone quality in osteointegration processes.

MH - Biocompatible Materials|*

MH - Femur|PA/*SU

MH - Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal|PA/*SU

MH - Prostheses and Implants|*

SO - Int J Artif Organs 1997 May; 20(5):291-7

DP - 1997 May

TA - Int J Artif Organs

PG - 291-7

IP - 5

VI - 20

UI - 97353690

6

AU - Nevins ML

AU - Karimbux NY

AU - Weber HP

AU - Giannobile WV

AU - Fiorellini JP

TI - Wound healing around endosseous implants in experimental

diabetes.

AB - Wound healing has been shown to be altered in diabetes

mellitus. The aim of this study was to identify the effects

of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on osseointegration.

Diabetes was induced in 40-day-old rats by intraperitoneal

injection of 70 mg per kg streptozotocin. At 14 days postinjection,

implants were placed in the femora of 10 diabetic and 10

age-matched normal rats. Animals were sacrificed at 28

and 56 days following implantation. Histometric results

indicated that the quantity of bone formation was similar

for diabetic and control animals (P > .05). However, less

bone-implant contact was observed for diabetic compared

to control animals at both 28 and 56 days (P < .0001).

This study demonstrates that the process of osseointegration

is affected by streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

MH - Dental Implants|*

MH - Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental|CI/*PP

MH - Implants, Experimental|*

MH - Osseointegration|*PH

SO - Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1998 Sep; 13(5):620-9

DP - 1998 Sep

TA - Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants

PG - 620-9

IP - 5

VI - 13

UI - 99012237

7

AU - Grigorian AS

AU - Ivanov VS

AU - Panikarovskii VV

AU - Sabantseva EG

AU - Antipova ZP

AU - Khamraev TK

TI - [An experimental study of the action of an intraosseous

implant of hydroxylapatite ceramic granules on the processes

of reparative bone formation (experimental morphological

research)]

AB - Presents a morphologic picture of the time course of repair

osteogenesis after replacement of femoral bone defect in

rats by hydroxyapatite ceramic granules. Excellent morphofunctional

quality of newly formed bone regenerate in optimal terms

is demonstrated.

MH - Bone Regeneration|*DE

MH - Bone Substitutes|*PD

MH - Ceramics|*PD

MH - Durapatite|*PD

MH - Prostheses and Implants|*

SO - Stomatologiia (Mosk) 1994 Jul; 73(3):7-10

DP - 1994 Jul

TA - Stomatologiia (Mosk)

PG - 7-10

IP - 3

VI - 73

UI - 95149330

8

AU - Hazan R

AU - Brener R

AU - Oron U

TI - Bone growth to metal implants is regulated by their surface

chemical properties.

AB - Bony ingrowth to control (non-treated) and heat-treated

stainless steel and Ti-6Al-4V implants into the medullary

canal of the femur in rats was studied by mechanical, chemical

and Auger electron spectroscopic methods. At all time intervals

up to 35 d post-implantation, the shear strengths of the

heat-treated Ti-6Al-4V and stainless steel implants were

significantly higher (1.6-fold to 3.4-fold) than in control

implants. Using Auger electron spectroscopy depth profiling

methods, it was found that the heat treatment modified

the implant surface composition significantly, resulting

in a thicker oxide layer and other chemical changes. It

is concluded that heat treatment of metal implants prior

to their insertion alters their chemical surface properties

and augments bony ingrowth to them.

MH - Osseointegration|*PH

MH - Prostheses and Implants|*

MH - Steel|*

MH - Titanium|*

SO - Biomaterials 1993 Jul; 14(8):570-4

DP - 1993 Jul

TA - Biomaterials

PG - 570-4

IP - 8

VI - 14

UI - 94002862