From: [email protected] {snipped - see 036a, 036b, 036c} In article <[email protected]>, [email protected] wrote: Well, one of the problems I'm having in understanding all this comes from the idea of 'ruthless selfishness'. I don't see how evolution really suggests that 'ruthless selfishness' would be the idea; it seems too simplistic. This seems to be used to imply germlin like genes lurking in every cell maliciously rubbing their greedy little tendrils together and plotting world domination like some B-grade villain. However, if we are to accept that genes (or memes) manage to carry information about behaviour then surely we could accept that some limitation to ruthless selfishness could be carried and with good reason - if the organism is _too_ selfish (in a 'nasty' sense of destroying others and promoting only their own welfare) then within a social species wouldn't there be some risk of pissing off (scaring) enough of the other tribe/group members that the organism would get itself killed? This certainly seems to happen in reality and is popular in fable so perhaps we could suppose that while selfish genes survive, those that provide impetus to make the organism so selfish they seem dangerous to the group are killed off or deprived in various ways - enough that their reproductive potential is curbed anyway. Mick. -- "Many a mickle makes a muckle". [email protected] [email protected] Sent via Deja.com http://www.deja.com/ Before you buy.