Subject: Re: [evol-psych] The naturalistic fallacy is itself naturalistic Date: Mon, 18 Feb 2002 14:05:01 +0000 From: Keith SutherlandTo: Larry Arnhart CC: [email protected], [email protected] References: 1 In message , Larry Arnhart writes >In contrast to many modern moral philosophers who think >morality comes from learning and following explicit norms stated as >definitions and rules, Aristotle rightly saw that prudence cannot be >reduced to definitions and rules. Although he was sceptical about the notion of "human nature", the philosopher Michael Oakeshott also believed that morality was more to do with "practical judgment, rooted in experience" and that ethical codes were just abstractions from human experience (rather than logical deductions). He provides a wonderful illustration of this in his best-known essay "Rationalism in Politics": "Moral ideals are a sediment; they have significance only so long as they are suspended in a religious or social tradition, so long as they belong to a religious or social life . . . When Confucius visited Lao Tzu he talked of goodness and duty. ‘Chaff from the winnower’s fan’, said Lao Tzu." Rationalism in Politics (Liberty Fund edn., p. 41) Although Oakeshott argued that moral ideals could originate from social or religious life he saw the latter as a subset of the former. Although Oakeshott agreed that philosophy was synonymous with logical reasoning, he claimed that "ethics" and "moral philosophy" were category errors, as moral behaviour was part of practical life, not philosophy. -- Keith Sutherland