An Dóiteán Mór (The Inferno)

This extract is from Pádraic Ó Conaire's novel Deoraíocht (Exile), which is largely set in London - where Ó Conaire lived, and worked as a civil servant, between 1899 and 1914. The novel, which won an Oireachtas prize, was published in 1910. Ó Conaire (1882-1928) was active in the Gaelic League in London and it was the Gaelic League which published his novel. Returning to Ireland in 1914, leaving his wife and family in London, he led a bohemian and semi-nomadic life - seeking to make a living through writing in Irish - until his death, in poverty, in 1928. James M Cahalan, in The Irish Novel, describes Deoraíocht as "the most innovative, forward-looking Irish novel in either language during this period before the arrival of Joyce as a novelist."

Is ó Deoraíocht - úrscéal Phádraic Uí Chonaire - an sliocht seo a leanas. Bhronnadh duais Oireachtais ar an leabhar agus foilsíodh é i 1910. Tá an scéal suite i Londain don chuid is mó, áit a raibh cónaí ar Phádraic Ó Conaire idir 1899 agus 1914 agus é ag feidhmiú mar státseirbhíseach. Bhí Ó Conaire (1882-1928) gníomhach i gConradh na Gaeilge sa tréimhse seo agus b'é an Conradh a d'fhoilsigh an leabhar. I 1914, nuair a d'fhill sé ar Éirinn, d'fhág sé a bhean agus a pháistí ina dhiaidh i Londain. Chaith sé an chuid eile dá shaol in Éirinn mar fhiaire feá ag iarraidh a bheatha a thuilleadh mar scríbhneoir Gaeilge go dtí go bhfuair sé bás ina bhochtán i 1928. Seo mar a chuir James M Cahalan síos ar an úrscéal seo: "the most innovative, forward-looking Irish novel in either language during this period before the arrival of Joyce as a novelist."

It was still early in the night when I was startled from my sleep. Such roaring and yelling and uproar I had never heard before. A thronging multitude of people was making its way across the park. The skyline was red in the direction in which they were heading, and you could see a torch of flame rising up in the sky, like a long slender tongue trying to lap up blood.

Even before I was properly awake my stomach had begun to torture me. I put my hand in my pocket, and from the rubbish that had collected there - small stones, buttons, bits of metal and such like - I took a bone button and placed it in my mouth. I began to swallow the saliva that gathered round it. That seemed to reduce the terrible pain.

People were still thronging past. I had often noticed the peculiar behaviousr of crowds. A crowd is like a person. When a crowd is angry, it looks as if each person is angry. It seems also that each person is joyful when the crowd itself is joyful. A person is always eager to go in the same direction as the crowd, as if the crowd had power over them....

The crowd which was passing certainly had this power. I followed it.

At first my only intention was to join the crowd, but then it struck me that I might obtain food or drink, or money perhaps, by some means.

Given the number of people who were present, and the haste they were making, someone would surely lose a purse, or a shilling, or even a penny....

A big factory was ablaze. The street in front of it was wide - but if it was, it was full of people. There were large people and small people. Poor people and rich people. Workers and unemployed. Elegant men on their way from the theatre, in their white dress shirts and black tall hats. And there were people there, like myself, who were used to taking the night air every night of the year.

Fire fighters were there in their hundreds, directing great rivers of water on the flames which were bursting out in every direction in spite of their efforts, and rising ever higher in the sky. Whenever the flames, which were gaining in strength by the minute, came into contact with the chemicals inside the factory, they took on wonderful colours - ranging between blood-red and purple and a blue-grey livid colour - shades of white, yellow, blue and green, and these colours were reflected on the faces of the people who gathered to watch the fire, and on their bodies.

It was a wonderful sight. There was a small square in front of the factory on the other side of the street. There was a wall around this square on which a large crowd of the women who worked in the factory were standing....

Some of them were jubilant, laughing cheerfully because the factory was on fire. The place had not had a good reputaton and they had suffered many hardships there. There were others who were concerned and grieving at the loss of their employment. Indeed the owner of the factory was less concerned than many of his employees...Why should he be concerned, when he could recoup his losses from the Insurance Company? You've never seen people who were as happy as were those women who were jubilant and smiling. They were angry that some of their fellow workers were grieving at the flames which were taking their livlihood from them. They reminded them of their many comrades who had died from the poison contained in the chemicals with which they worked. They reminded them of what they themselves had suffered there. They insulted them and accused them of cowardice. They would have struck them had they been able to get near them. But some of the women could think of nothing else except the hardship they would endure until the factory was rebuilt.

Amongst those who were celebrating, I paid special attention to a large woman. She was very excited, and she was exhorting her fellows to sing a joyful song to let everyone know exactly how they felt about the factory, and those it belonged to. They struck up the song and they sang it vigorously and triumphantly. And there was hatred in it also. All the pains and penalties and abuse which they suffered in the factory contributed to that hatred. But it was joy which was strongest...wasn't the abuse and the suffering over for the moment at any rate.

The faces of both the joyful and the grieving women were illuminated. I could hardly believe my eyes: Big Maggie, my own true friend, was the big red woman who was standing on the wall encouraging the women....

A flame the colour of blood shot high into the air. The big woman cried out, and don't anyone be so stupid as to think it was a cry of sorrow. A cry went up from the other women - a huge cry of joy - and they began to applaud. The women who had been grieving a while ago were gradually joining in with the others, and for each one who joined them the Big Red Woman let out another cry....

The flames began to rise up around the high factory chimney, like hundreds of frenzied serpents.

"May you fall! May you fall!" screamed the Big Red Woman. The other women made the same wish.

....The flames were every colour of the rainbow....A white flame here. A yellow flame there. A blood-red flame in the opposite corner. And as if by magic, all these different colours would be mixed together so that there would only be one glorious colour for a time.

"The blood of the women who died of poisoning," I cried out.

The Big Red Woman heard the words, but she didn't know who spoke them.

"The blood of the women who died of poisoning," she shouted at the top of her voice.

The red flames were rising up out of the factory still.

"The blood of the women who died of poisoning," shouted all the women together. The manager of the factory heard the cry also. His limbs began to quake.

At last the sky began to brighten in the east. You could see the blackened and scorched walls of the factory, standing like a huge animal in the midst of the sacrificial fire of some primative people....

I was becoming as excited as the women.

"The beast that tortured the women is defeated," I said.

The word was taken up. The crowd began to repeat it together. In the end the word was coming from thousands of throaths in one great cry.

"The beast that tortured the women is defeated."

The factory manager began urging the police to clear the street. He was in fear and dread of this fierce multitude....All that was left of the factory now was the walls, and some of these had fallen.

The fires were dying down. But now and again a white flame would rise up, as if reluctant to part from the unlucky factory. When these flames rose up the women would give a great shout of joy. The manager and the head of the constabulary were in conversation.

"Throw him in the fire!" shouted a woman.

Throw him in the fire!" shouted another.

The women were angry. It was necessary to clear the street. I saw the Big Red Woman on top of a wall clapping her hands, her hair streaming in the wind; I looked again but she was gone. I almost lost her in the disorder, but she must have recognised me, because the next thing I knew two strong arms had been placed round me, and I was swept off the ground as if I were a child, and I was being kissed again and again.

It was the Big Red Woman.

Baineadh geit asam sula raibh mórán den oíche caite. A leithéid de bhúiríl agus de scréachaíl agus de ghleo níor chuala riamh cheana. Bhí daoine, ina sluaite agus ina dtáinte, ag déanamh caol díreach trasna na páirce. San áit ar a raibh a dtriall, bhí an chuid íochtarach den spéir dearg. agus d'fheicfeá trilseán de lasair ag éirí in airde sa spéir. mar a bheadh teanga fhada chaol ann, agus í ag iarraidh fuil a lafairt.

Ní rabhas i mo dhúiseacht i gceart gur thosaigh mo bholg do mo chéasadh. Chuireas mo lámh i mo phóca, agus as an mbhuscar a bhí bailithe ann - clocha beaga, cnapaí, ruainní miotail agus eile - bhaineas cnaipe cnáimhe agus isteach leis i mo bhéal. Thosaíos ar na seilí a tháinig timpeall air a shlogadh. B'fhacthas dom gur laghdhaigh sin an phian mhór.

Bhí na daoine ag imeacht tharam fós ina dtáinte. Is minic a thugas faoi deara bealach aisteach atá le sluaite. Tá an slua ar nós duine. Nuair a bhíonn fearg ar an slua, cheapfá le féachaint air go mbíonn fearg ar gach aon bhall atá sa slua. Déarfá freisin go mbeadh áthas ar gach duine a bheadh sa láthair, nuair a bheadh áthas ar an slua féin. Bíonn fonn ar dhuine a ghabháil an bealach céanna le slua, mar a bheadh cumhacht ag an slua air....

Bhí an chumhacht seo ag an slua a bhí ag imeacht tharam ormsa ar chaoi ar bith. Leanas é.

I dtosach ní raibh aon smaoineamh agam ach a ghabháil ina measc, ach leis an aimsir cheapas go bhfaighinn bia nó deoch, nó b'fhéidir airgead ar bhealach éigin.

Leis an méid daoine a bhí ann, agus leis an deifir a bhí orthu, bheadh sé in aghaidh nádúir mura gcailleadh cuid acu sparán, nó scilling, nó pingin féin....

Teach mór déantús a bhí trí thine. An tsráid os a chomhair amach bhí sí leathan, ach má bhí, bhí sí lán de dhaoine. Bhí daoine móra agus daoine beaga ann. Daoine daibhre agus daoine saibhre. Lucht oibre agus lucht díomhaointis. Fir mhóra ghalánta faoina léinte geala agus a mbairéid arda dhubha ag teacht ó na hamharclanna. Bhí daoine ann, ar ghnách leo a bheith ag glacadh aer na hoíche gach uile oíche sa bhliain mar mé féin.

Bhí lucht múchta na dtinte ann ina gcéadta, agus abhainn mhór á scairdeadh acu ar na lasracha a bhí ag briseadh amach i gach uile áit dá míle buíochas, agus ag éirí níos airde agus níos airde sa spéir le gach iarraidh. Nuair a theagmhódh na lasracha úd, a bhí ag dul i dtreise agus i neart gach aon nóiméad, leis na hearraí éagsúla ceimiceacha a bhí istigh da déantúsán, thagadh dathanna iontacha orthu - idir chródhearg agus chorcra agus liathghorm - dathanna bána, dathanna buí, dathanna gorma, dathanna glasa, agus bhíodh na dathanna éagsúla seo ar aghaidheanna na daoine a bhí mórthimpeall ag dearcadh ar an dóiteán agus ar an gcnámhlach.

B'iontach an radharc é. Bhí cineál cearnóige bige ar aghaidh an déantúsán amach ar an taobh eile den tráid. Bhí balla cloiche mórthimpeall ar an gcearnóg bheag seo, agus scata mór ban a bhíodh ag obair sa déantúsán ina seasamh ina bharr....

Bhí cuid acu a bhí go lúcháireach agus go gealgháireach agus go haiteasach i ngeall ar an déantúsán a bheith trí thine. Ní cáil mhaith a bhí ar an áit, agus b'iomaí pionós a d'fhulaingíodar ann. Bhí cuid eile ann a bhí faoi leatrom agus brón mór go raibh a gcuid oibre caillte acu. Go deimhin an fear ar leis an déantúsán ní raibh sé leath chomh brónach le cuid dá lucht oibre.... Cad chuide a mbeadh leatrom air, agus luach a gcaillfeadh sé le fáil arís aige ó Chumann an Urrúis? Maidir leis an dream a bhí lúcháireach gealgháireach, ní fhaca tú riamh daoine a raibh an oiread áthais orthu, is a bhí orthu siúd. Bhíodar le buile go raibh brón ar chuid dá gcomhoibritheoirí i ngeall ar an mbladhm úd a bhí ag baint slí bheatha díobh. Chuireadar i gcuimhne dóibh an méid dá gcomrádaithe a cailleadh ón nimh a bhíodh sna hearraí ceimiceacha a bhíodh á n-oibriú acu. Chuireadar i gcuimhne dóibh freisin ar fhulaingíodar féin ann. Mhaslaíodar iad agus thugadar daoine gan sprid orthu. Bhuailfidís iad dá n-éiríodh leo a ghabháil ina n-aircis. Ach níir fhéad cuid den dream seo cuimhneamh ar aon ní ach an cruashaol a bheadh acu go mbeadh an déantúsán tógtha arís.

I measc na ndaoine a bhí lúcháireach, thugas suntas do bhean mhór. Bhí sí an-chorraithe, agus í ag spreagadh a muintire féin chun amhráin aitis a chanadh le cur in iúl do gach n-aon cén meas mór a bhí acu ar an déantúsán, agus ar an muintir ar leo é. Tosaíodh ar an amhrán aitis, agus canadh go bríomhar é. Agus bhí fuath ann, freisin. Gach ar fhulaingíodar de phianta agus de phionós agus de dhrochúsáid sa déantúsán a chuir an fuath san amhrán. Ach ba threise leis an aiteas...nach raibh an drochúsáid agus an ghéarfhulaingt thart go ceann tamaill ar chaoi ar bith.

Lasadh suas éadan na mban lúcháireach agus na mban brónach chomh maith le chéile. Ní chreidfinn ó mo dhá shúil é, go mba i Mag Mhór, mo chara dílis féin, an bhean mhór rua úd a bhí ina seasamh ar an mballa ag gríosadh na mban....

Chuaigh lasair a raibh dath na fola uirthi in airde sa spéir. Lig an bhean mhór rua liú aisti, agus ní bheadh aon duine chomh míthuisceanach is go gceapfadh sé go mba liú dobróin an liú sin. D'éirigh liú ó na mná eile - liú millteach áthais - agus thosaíodar ag greadadh bos. Na mná a raibh brón orthu ar ball, bhíodar ag teannadh isteach leis an muintir eile i leaba a chéile, agus gach uile dhuine a thiocfadh chuici ligfeadh an Bhean Mhór Rua liú eile aisti....

Thosaigh na lasracha ag éirí in airde mórthimpeall an tsimléir aird taobh amuigh, mar a bheadh na céadta nathair nimhe fíochmhar.

"Go dtite tú! Go dtite tú!" arsa an Bhean Mhór Rua ina sainliú. Rinne na mná eile an achanaí chéanna.

....Bhíodar [na lasacha] ar gach dath dá bhfuil sa bhogha ceatha....Lasair bhán anseo. Lasair bhuí thall. Lasair dhearg fhuilteach sa chúinne eile. Agus mar a bheadh draíocht ann, shuaití na dathanna éagsúla seo ionas nach mbíodh iontu ach aon dath glórmhar aon uair amháin.

"Fuil na mban a cailleadh leis an nimh," arsa mise i mo shainbhéic.

Chuala an bhean mhór rua an focal, ach ní raibh a fhios aici cé a labhair.

"Fuil na mban a cailleadh leis an nimh," ar sise in ard a gutha cinn.

Bhí na lasracha dearga ag éirí in airde as an déantúsán fós.

"Fuil na mban a cailleadh leis an nimh," arsa na mná go léir d'aon ghuth i dtreo gur chuala gach n-aon an liú. Chuala bainisteoir an déantúsán an ghair freisin. Tháinig critheán ina bhallaibh.

Faoi dheoidh thosaigh an spéir ag gealadh san oirthear. D'fheicfeá ballaí dubha loiscthe an déantúsán in aghaidh na spéire, mar a bheadh beithíoch millteach i lár tine íobirte daoine allta agus a cheithre chrúb in aer aige ag iarraidh trócaire orthu.

Bhíos ag éirí chomh corraithe leis na mná.

"Tá beithíoch céasta na mban ar lár," arsa mise.

Glacadh suas an focal. Thosaigh an slua á rá le chéile. Sa deireadh scaoileadh an focal amach ó na mílte scornach in aon gháir mhór amháin.

"Tá beithíoch céasta na mban ar lár."

Thosaigh bainisteoir an déantúsáin loiscthe ag spreagadh na síothmhaor chun an tsráid a ghlanadh. Bhí eagla agus scáth air roimh an slua fíochmhar seo....Ní raibh fágtha de anois ach na ballaí dubha, agus cuid de na ballaí féin tite.

Bhí na tinte ag dul i ndísc. Ach anois agus arís d'éireodh lasair bhán anois, mar a bheadh leisce uirthi scaradh leis an seandéantúsán mí-ámharach. Nuair a d'éireodh na lasracha seo in airde ligfeadh na mná go léir gáir aitis. Bhí an bainisteoir agus ceann na gconstáblaí i gcomhrá.

"Caitear sa tine é!" arsa bean.

"Caitear sa tine é!" arsa bean eile.

Bhí cuthach ar na mná. B'éigean an tsráid a ghlanadh. Chonaiceas an bhean mhór rua in airde ar bhalla ag bualadh bos agus a gruaig le gaoth; d'fhéachas arís ach bhí sí imithe. Sa rúille búille is beag nár chailleas í, ach is dócha gur aithnigh sí mé féin, mar níor airíos riamh gur cuireadh dhá láimh thréana lánláidre i mo thimpeall, gur tógadh ón talamh mé mar a thógfaí leanbh, agus gur tosaíodh ar mo phógadh arís agus arís eile.

An Bhean Mhór Rua a bhí ann.

Deoraíocht le Pádraic Ó Conaire;
my own translation.