From: Ralph McGehee Vietnam, 63-73 Pru supervised, controlled and financed by americans. Vietnam info notes published by state dept says: "the target for 69 calls For the elimination of 1800 vci a month. Gvn doc said phoenix killed 40,994. Colby testified before congress that phoenix resulted in death of 20,587 persons. Frazier, h. (Ed). (1978). Uncloaking the cia 111, 125 Vietnam, 65-68 U.s./gvn create list active nlf for assassination. After 68 tet offensive names centralized to phoenix coordinators. Collect names Tens of thousands nlf suspects. Milt. Ops such as my lai use phoenix intel. By 73, phoenix generates 300,000 polit. Prisoners in svn. Counterspy 5/73 22 Vietnam, 65-70 Details re vietnam. From 65-68 u.s. And saigon intel Services maintained an active list of vc cadre marked for assassination. Phoenix program for 69 called for "neutralizing" 1800 a month. About one Third of vc targeted for arrest had been summarily killed. Security Committees established in provincial interrogation centers to determine Fate of vc suspects, outside of judicial controls. Green berets and navy Seals most common recruits for phoenix program. Green beret detachment b-57 Provided admin cover for other intel units. One was project cherry, tasked To assassinate cambodian officials suspected of collaborating with nvnese, And kgb. Another was project oak targeted against svnese suspected Collaborators. They controlled by special assistant for counterinsurgency And special activities, which worked with cia outside of general abrams Control. Stein. J. (1992). A murder in wartime 360-1 Vietnam, 66-73 Phoenix op from 1/68 thru 5/71, cords reported 20,857 vci Killed. Gvt of vn reported 40,994 from 8/68 thru mid 71. Per cord Statistics 12.4% deaths could be attributed to phoenix ops. Kenneth osborn Of program said phoenix became a depersonalized murder program. A dept of Defense analyst thayer, found that 616 suspected vci targeted by phoenix From 1/70 thru 3/71 were killed by phoenix forces. After war nvnese foreign Minister nguyen co thach said cia's assassination program slaughtered far More than the 21,000 officially listed by the u. s. In some parts of south 95% of communist cadre assassinated or compromised by phoenix. Manning, r., (Ed), (1988). War in the shadows: the vietnam experience 72 Vietnam, 68-72 Under phoenix "security committees" in provincial "Interrogation centers" would determine fate suspected nlf. Counterspy Spring/summer 78 8 Vietnam, 69 Under phoenix in july 69 "vietnam information notes," a State dept publication said target for 69 elimination of 1,800 vci per Month. Frazier, h. (Ed). (1978). Uncloaking the cia 97 Vietnam, 73 According to defense dept official 26,369 south vietnamese Civilians killed under phoenix while op under direct u.s. Control (jan 68 Thru aug 72 ). By same source, another 33, 358 detained without trial. Colby in 73 Admitted 20,587 deaths thru end 71 , 28,978 captured, and 17,717 "rallied" to saigon gvt. Thus approx 30% targeted individuals Killed. All phoenix stats fail to reflect u.s. Activity after "official" U.s. Control of op abandoned. Counterspy spring/summer 75 8 Vietnam, 75 Counter-spy magazine describes phoenix program as "the most Indiscriminate and massive program of political murder since the nazi death Camps of world war two." counterspy spring/summer 75 6 Vietnam. Phoenix program to neutralize vci (tax collectors, supply Officers, political cadre, local military officials, etc). Plan to send pru Or police teams to get in practice, death the frequent result of such ops, Some times through assassinations pure and simple. Powers, t. (1979). The Man who kept the secrets 181 Vietnam. Phoenix program took over 20,000 lives, 65-72 U.s. Congress, Church committee report. (1976) b 1 27 Vietnam, july 71 Colby inserted chart to representative reid showing That some 67,282 persons had been neutralized by phoenix ops against vc Between 68-71 Of these 31 percent had been killed, 26% rallied, and 43% Captured or sentenced. Frazier, h. (Ed). (1978). Uncloaking the cia 18 Vietnam, 67-73 The phoenix program used the cia's assassination squads, The former counter terror teams later called the provincial reconnaissance Units (pru). Technically they did not mark cadres for assassinations but in Practice the pru's anticipated resistance in disputed areas and shot first. People taken prisoner were denounced in saigon-held areas, picked up at Checkpoints or captured in combat and later identified as vc. Sheehan, n. (1988). A bright shining lie 732 Vietnam, phoenix program, late 60 Early 70 Took over 20,000 lives in Vietnam. U.s. Congress, church committee report. (1976) b 1 27 Vietnam. Phung hoang aka phoenix program quotas for units set by komer for All 242 districts. One result indiscriminate killing with every body Labeled vci. Powers, t. (1979). The man who kept the secrets 181-2 Law professor at university of washington, seattle, roy l. Prosterman, Designed the land reform program the u.s. Government promoted in the Philippines, vietnam, and el salvador. In each place the program was Accompanied by a rural terror. In vietnam the phoenix program killed 40,000 Civilian between august 68 and mid-71; in philippines, martial law; in el Salvador, a state of siege. Covert action information bulletin (now covert Action quarterly) winter 90 69 Vietnam, 67-70 Phoenix a fiasco, it unmanageable and encouraged Outrageous abuses. Valentine, d. (1990). The phoenix program 323 Vietnam, 75 According to frank snepp's "decent interval" up to thirty Thousand special police, cia and phoenix related vietnamese employees were Left behind. Saigon cia station managed to pull out only 537 of its 1900 Vietnamese including close to 1000 high-level vietnamese who had built Close relationships with the agency over the years. Covert action Information bulletin (now covert action quarterly) 6-7/79 4 Vietnam, 65-69 Ci/pacification efforts initiated by french culminate in Phoenix program designed to eliminate viet cong infrastructure. Made Official june 68, phoenix was intensification of ci ops and involved "mass Imprisonment, torture and assassination." for thorough phoenix description See counterspy 5/73 20 Vietnam, 66-73 Phoenix program synthesis police and pm programs. Cia Managing census grievance, rd cadre, counterterror teams and pics. Military Intel working with mss, arvn intel and regional and popular forces. Aid Managing chieu hoi and public safety, including field police. Needed to Bring altogether under special police. Valentine, d. (1990). The phoenix Program 99 Vietnam, 66 Beginning of phoenix program. Lv 218. Phoenix to increase Identification vc infrastructure and passing info to military, police, and Other elements who were to induce defections, capture them, or attack them In their strongholds. Colby, w. (1989). Lost victory 266 Vietnam, 67-73 In 67 cia proposed all u.s. Intel agencies pool info on Vc at district, province and saigon levels for exploitation. Program first Called intel coor and exploitation program (icex). Phoenix the name of Program. Assigned quotas for vc to be neutralized. To focus police and Intel orgs. Against communist apparatus. Blaufarb, d.s. (1977). The Counterinsurgency era 243-8 Vietnam, 67-73 District intel ops coor center (diooc). Dien ban center a Model for all of phoenix. Bldg 10' x 40'. Manned by two u.s. Soldiers, 2 Census grievance, one rd cadre, and one special branch. Diooc intel Clearinghouse to review, collate, and disseminate info. Immediate local Reaction. Americans kept files of sources, vci and order battle. Reaction Forces 100 police, 1 pru unit, guides from census grievance. Marines Screened civilian detainees using informants and diooc's blacklist. Valentine, d. (1990). The phoenix program 126 Vietnam, 67 12/20/67 prime minister signed directive 89-th. T/vp/m Legalizing phung hoang, vn clone of phoenix. Valentine, d. (1990). The Phoenix program 148 Vietnam, 68 Phoenix ci/terror program was established by thieu's Presidential decree, literally written by cia man william colby. Decree and Future authorizations indicated that suspects could be arrested without a Warrant or copy of charges and detained on basis of police dossier heresay Evidence. Once arrested, suspect could not confront accusers or see Dossier, was denied bail legal counsel, and was denied a trial or even a Hearing. At best one's case was reviewed by province security committee Composed of milt and intel officers. Under phoenix all rights of due Process stripped. Counterspy winter 78 28 Vietnam, 68 Phoenix program statistics were phony a bust and a fake. Deforest, o., & chanoff, d. (1990). Slow burn 54-55 Vietnam, 69 Program of 69 campaign called for elimination of vci. Program Became known as phung hoang or phoenix. In each province the chief Established a province security committee (psc). Psc controlled the npff And sp who maintained province interrogation centers (pics). Counterspy 5/73 20 Vietnam, 71 Cia had no intention handling over attack on vci to national Police command. Cia advisers to special police advised to begin forming Special intel force units (sifu). 8-man teams composed of 4 volunteers each From special police and field police. Sifu targeted at high-level vci, as Substitutes for pru. They sign cia planned manage attack on vci thru sb, While keeping phoenix intact as a way of deflecting attention. Valentine, D. (1990). The phoenix program 391 Vietnam, 71 In revising phoenix program (because of all communist Penetrations in gvt) first steps to hire southeast asia computer associates (Managed by a cia officer) to advise 200-odd vnese techs to take over macv And cords computers. Vnese were folded into big mack and phung hoang Management info system (phmis). Valentine, d. (1990). The phoenix program 363 Vietnam, 72 In report on phoenix effectiveness in 9/72 phung hoang Crossed out and anti-terrorist inserted. The end of phoenix? Some phoenix Ops in 73 Valentine, d. (1990). The phoenix program 403, 406 Vietnam, 75 U.s. Still involved in phoenix in 75. Program renamed special Police investigative service (spis). U.s. Provides data processing Facilities for spis thru, computer science services, inc. Which runs intel Thru machines to classify and collate them and then turns info over to Spis. Valentine, d. (1990). The phoenix program 415 Vietnam. Phoenix program, resources control program, checkpoints, Identification card program, paramilitary police called the police field Force a 100 man mobile company at least one assigned to each province. Aid Helped upgrade police and developed national police academy, improved Communications and files, established one two-way radio in every village. Chieu hoi program. Refugee generation programs. Province coordinating Committees supervised civic action on bridges, roads, public buildings, Agricultural extension work, medical technicians and more. Blaufarb, d.s. (1977). The counterinsurgency era 217-8 Vietnam, 67-73 The phoenix program used the cia's assassination squads, The former counter terror teams later called the provincial reconnaissance Units (pru). Technically they did not mark cadres for assassinations but in Practice the pru's anticipated resistance in disputed areas and shot first. People taken prisoner were denounced in saigon-held areas, picked up at Checkpoints or captured in combat and later identified as vc. Sheehan, n. (1988). A bright shining lie 732 Vietnam, police. Public safety included michigan state university program. Resources control, effort to regulate movement resources both human and Material. Includes set up checkpoints roads and waterways, mobile Checkpoints. Resulted in 560,000 arrests by 1969. National identity Registration program. Every vnese 15 or older must register and carry Identification card. Fingerprints obtained. Once completed program to Include fingerprints, photos and bio data. Surveillance of suspects role of Special police branch. Sp agents penetrate subversive organizations and use Intel collection, political data and files from census data to separate Good from bad. Pacification or phoenix program. Systematic effort at intel Collection and exploitation. All intel services and america's cia and Military intel orgs. Pool data from informers and prisoners. With this info Police and provincial reconnaissance units make raids in contested areas to Seize or eliminate vci agents. See klare, m.t. (1972). War without end 265 For more Vietnam, 70-73 In the book, war in the shadows, pike outlines the spy Networks of the vietnamese communists -- his coverage of counterespionage Operations where mcgehee had a direct role are generally accurate and Detailed. Communists penetrated thieu gvt at every level and a cia study Written by the courageous intel analyst who fought cia at every step, sam Adams, said the communists had 30,000 spies in thieu's gvt with a target of 50, 000 in a few years. The chapters, "dawn of the war," and "operation Phoenix," are also detailed. Ciabase includes much information from the war In the shadows. Ciabase update 1/95 Vietnam, 66-71 Phoenix op designed to help u.s. Military reach crossover Point, where dead and wounded exceeded vc's ability to field replacements. In 4/67 pres johnson announced formation of civil ops and revolutionary Development support (cords) for pacification. R. Komer as deputy commander Of macv-cords. Cords budget about $4 billion from 68-71. Cords the Management structure for pacification programs. Personnel both military and Civilian. By 71, 3000 servicemen, advisers to arvn, placed under cords. 1200 civilians by 71. Usaid responsible for material aid. State and usia Also provided personnel. But cia played the crucial role. Cords reinstated Civic action teams under name revolutionary development cadre. Rd program Formed teams of 59 svnese, divided into 3 11-man security squads and 25 Civic action cadres. Teams to spend 6 months in a village to fulfill "Eleven criteria and 98 works for pacification." 1. Annihilation of ... cadre; 2. Annihilation of wicked village dignitaries; etc. System placed 40,000 two-way radios in villages. Land reform failed. (Photos of phoenix Propaganda material). Teams helped create regional and popular forces (Rf/pfs). Ruff-puffs, suffered high casualties. They represented half of Svn gvt forces, they had 55- 66% of casualties. They inflicted 30% of Communist casualties. Underground pm effort called phoenix which included a "Census grievance," stay-behind. He actually a spy. All info fed into intel Coordination and exploitation program. Vnese at komer's request set up Staff that with cia was responsible for coordinating intel reports on vc Infrastructure. Info from census grievance, military, police reports. Pm Units - including cia's provincial reconnaissance units and ruff-puffs. Arrestees - those not killed when captured - taken to provincial Interrogation centers (pic). Also regional prisons and a national center All financed by cia. Problems of coordination and jealousy. Numerical Quotas created saying how many vci to be eliminated each month. Torture Used in questioning. Manning, r., (ed), (1988). War in the shadows: the Vietnam experience 55-65 Vietnam, 71 William e. Colby on july 19, 1971, before senate subcommittee Testified cia op phoenix had killed 21,587 vietnamese citizens between 1/68 And 5/71. In response to a question from mr. Reid "do you state Categorically that phoenix has never perpetrated the premeditated killing Of a civilian in a non-combat situation?" colby replied: "no, I could not Say that.. .i certainly would not say never." counterspy 12/78 6 Vietnam, 67 First macv alloted phoenix 126 officers and ncos. By end 67 One nco assigned to each of 103 dioccs then in existence. All military Officers and enlisted men assigned to phoenix program took orders from cia. Valentine, d. (1990). The phoenix program 145 Vietnam, 68-73 Phoenix ci/terror op funded and covered by u.s. Aid, Cords pacification survey, public employment projects, and other benign Agencies. Counterspy may 73 22 Vietnam, 71 1.7 billion dollars go to cords in phoenix project. Colby Refuses congressional audit phoenix funds before committee. Counterspy 5/73 24 Vietnam, 71 When questioned concerning unaccounted-for 1.7 billion Dollars which had financed much of covert aspect of phoenix program, Ambassador colby assured house subcommittee on foreign ops and govt info, All main problems has been resolved and congress could rest assured Aberrations of brutality would remain at a minimum. He did not know how Many innocent victims the program had killed, maybe 5,000, maybe more. He Did not have authority to discuss reasons why congress could not audit 1.7 Billions worth of taxpayers funds which went to cords. Counterspy 5/73 24 Vietnam, 69 Colby rendered due process obsolete. Vci target broken into Three classes a, for leaders and party members; b, for holders of Responsible jobs; c, for rank-and file. Decision c category to be ignored Since phoenix directed at vci command and control structure. Hamlet Evaluation system (hes) explained. Hes guesstimate of vci in 1/69 was 75,000. Valentine, d. (1990). The phoenix program 260 Vietnam, 68-73 Cos shackley had orders to close down most paramilitary And pacification programs - phoenix, census grievance, etc. Supposedly dci Helms hoped to pass most such activity to pentagon and colby's cords. Paramilitary and political programs claimed roughly 75% of cia's budget; Intel received rest - but primary target for intel budget was thieu regime - enemy came second. No good intel on vc. Cia involved in vn for 20 years, Yet it never approached vn in a true intel fashion. George allen, ddi Specialist on vn in 60 while on trip to vn found that not one cia officer Was more than marginally interested in burgeoning insurgency. Jack horgan, Region v in delta in 66-67, said there no real intel ops. Cia interrogation Center "beat the shit out of people. No captives admitted being vc. Daren Flitcroft, roic region iii, said "half the time we don't have any idea Whats going on." corn, d. (1994). Blond ghost: ted shackley and the cia's Crusades 183-4 Vietnam, 71 House subcommittee on foreign operations and gvt. Info. Investigates phoenix. Colby insists project "respectable", brutality Minimized. Estimates 5000 killed. Congress denied audit of phoenix funds. Counterspy may 73 24 Vietnam, 67-73 Cia developed phoenix program in 67 to neutralize: kill, Capture or make defect vci. Vci means civilians suspected of supporting Communists. Targeted civilians not soldiers. Phoenix also called phung Hoang by vnese. Due process totally nonexistent. Svnese who appeared on Black lists could be tortured, detained for 2 years without trial or Killed. Valentine, d. (1990). The phoenix program 13 Vietnam, 68 Phoenix ci/terror program established by thieu's Presidential decree, literally written by cia man william colby. Decree and Future authorizations indicated that suspects could be arrested without a Warrant or copy of charges and detained on basis of police dossier heresay Evidence. Once arrested, suspect could not confront accusers or see Dossier, was denied bail legal counsel, and was denied a trial or even a Hearing. At best one's case was reviewed by province security committee Composed of milt and intel officers. Under phoenix all rights of due Process stripped. Counterspy winter 78 28 Vietnam, 62-73 First approach by cia for australian involvement in vn war Made by cia. In may 62, canberra announced that 30 military instructors to Be sent vn. This the australian army training team vietnam (aattv), an Elite unit of officers and ncos which at peak numbered 200. Some worked Directly with cia. Cover was nebulous combined studies division. They led Team of guerrillas, often montagnard mercenaries, on missions of sabotage, Terror and assassination. They crossed illegally into cambodia, north vn And laos, often wearing uniform of enemy. Some with phoenix op toohey, b., & pinwill, w. (1990). Oyster: the story of the australian secret Intelligence service 87 Vietnam, 66-73 Phoenix program synthesis police and pm programs. Cia Managing census grievance, rd cadre, counterterror teams and pics. Military Intel working with mss, arvn intel and regional and popular forces. Aid Managing chieu hoi and public safety, including field police. Needed to Bring altogether under special police. Valentine, d. (1990). The phoenix Program 99 Caib 13:3, 16-17:6-10; 17:48-49; 22:2,4,6,10-24; "from phoenix associates To civilian-military assistance," 22:18-19; "from the hessians to the Contras: mercenaries in the service of imperialism," 22:10-11 Covert action information bulletin (now covert action quarterly). 89 An article by rob rosenbaum from interviews with general secord and Ted "blond ghost" shackley. They give their answers to questions about Iran-contra, secret war in laos, phoenix program in vietnam, cia-mafia Plots of the sixties. Shackley discusses charges of opium smuggling in laos By elements supported by cia. Photos of secord and shackley. Shackley Interview in his risk- assessment consulting firm, rosslyn-based research Associates international. Vanity fair, 1/90 72-77, 126-8,130-1 John singlaub was an officer in oss during wwii. He was cia deputy chief in South korea during korean war. He served for two years in vietnam as Commander of a joint unconventional warfare task force, (macsog) and was Part of the phoenix op. In 78, as chief of staff of u.n. Command in south Korea, he condemned decision of carter to reduce number of u.s. Troops and Was forced to retire. In 84, he headed a pentagon panel whose report urged U.s. To emphasize nonconventional, ci warfare. Under reagan adm, singlaub Was involved with nsc aide oliver north. Singlaub founded the u.s. Council For world freedom, u.s. Branch of the world anti-communist league (wacl), Until organization closed its doors in 89. Singlaub was head of wacl, and Graham is its vice- chairman. Graham and singlaub have also been involved With, a project of the american security council. He has served on board of Western goals, and western goals in the united kingdom. Singlaub is an Adviser to the council for inter-american security (cis). Singlaub set up The institute for regional and international studies (iris), a private Training organization for salvadoran police forces and the nicaraguan Contras. Singlaub served on boards of council for national policy; refugee Relief international, a subsidiary of soldier of fortune; committee for a Free afghanistan; and was an adviser to the council for inter- american Security that developed the "santa fe document", which was influential in Setting u.s. Central american policy during first years of reagan adm. Resource center groupwatch project Vietnam 68-73 Evan parker, jr., john mason, and john tilton all from cia Were men who headed phoenix program when it supposedly transferred to Military and cords. Roger mccarthy said cia very much involved with Phoenix. Corn, d. (1994). Blond ghost: ted shackley and the cia's crusades 193 Vietnam. John murray, of whd, and his wife delores, former cia ops officer, Sending letters of disclosures re shackley. He covertly contacted william Miller, staff director of church committee, and told how shackley and helms In 70 arranged to keep cia from being implicated in my lai massacres. (Some Evidence suggested massacre related to cia's phoenix program.) corn, d. (1994). Blond ghost: ted shackley and the cia's crusades 302 Vietnam, 67 50 officers and enlisted men invited to join counter Insurgency program. Those who accepted by cia joined as junior officer Trainees. Most assigned to provinces as rdc/p or rdc/o advisers and many as Phoenix coordinators. Valentine, d. (1990). The phoenix program 198 Vietnam, 68-69 Robert k. Brown (later editor of soldier of fortune Magazine) worked with james k. Damron, cia's project coordinator for the Phoenix program in gia dinh province. Pigeon, r. (1986). The soldier of Fortune 44 Vietnam, orrin deforest, with u.s. Air force special investigations early On. Joined cia in 68 as chief interrogator hau nghia province in bien hoa Under cover of office of special assistance (osa). Duties included Inspection of pics, training vnese in interrogation. Monitoring intel Production. He discovered pics poorly run, phoenix program slipshod, and Cia had been unable generate single agent. Using methods learned while Working with japanese national police in identifying, communist agents, Disregarding cia methods, deforest's efforts produced 80% hard intel in vn. Minnick, w. (1992). Spies and provacateurs 50-1 Training, 55 Eisenhower establishes public safety program whose goal is To train foreign police units in, among other things, counterinsurgency. 62 Program becomes office of public safety which eventually procures 400 Officers in 45 countries and yearly budget 50 million. Much of phoenix Funding and training was thru office of public safety. By 75 Ops had Distributed 200 million in equipment foreign police, trained 7000+ senior Police officials, and trained over 1 million rank and file police officers Worldwide. Counterspy winter 78 29-30 Vietnam, 66-73 Phoenix program synthesis police and pm programs. Cia Managing census grievance, rd cadre, counterterror teams and pics. Military Intel working with mss, arvn intel and regional and popular forces. Aid Managing chieu hoi and public safety, including field police. Needed to Bring altogether under special police. Valentine, d. (1990). The phoenix Program 99 Vietnam, 75 Counter-spy magazine describes phoenix program as "the most Indiscriminate and massive program of political murder since the nazi death Camps of world war two." counterspy spring/summer 75 6 Vietnam. Former phoenix advisor wayne cooper said "operation phoenix was a Unilateral american program", and klare confirmed by saying "although most Of the dirty work was performed by indigenous operatives, phoenix was Designed, organized, financed, and administered by u.s. Authorities." Counterspy winter 78 27 Green berets, 67 Took part in capture and execution che guevera in Bolivia. In sea special forces sent on missions into north vietnam, laos And cambodia to collect intel. They also conducted assassinations as part Of op phoenix. In 80 Green berets based in west germany entered teheran Posing as businessmen to collect intel for rescue mission. See ic 72 re Forces strengths Vietnam, 59-69 The seals and the phoenix program. The intel coordination And exploitation program (icex) was a joint mac- v/cia op - forerunner of Phoenix. Seals helped train vnese personnel. Seals assigned ops Detachments. Seals worked with prus. By 68, with prisoner snatches, Ambushes, and increasing vc defections, icex program neutralizing 800 vci Every month. Phoenix began 7/1/68. Description of the province intel ops Coordinating center (piocc) and the district (diocc). Combatting vci in Urban areas responsibility of national police force and police field force. Seals taught prus in mekong delta. Description of prus. They the most Effective native troops. By end of 68, the iv corps prus were almost Entirely advised by seal personnel. Seal advisors accompanied prus on Average of 15 missions a month. Description of ops. Dockery, k. (1991). Seals in action 167-176 Vietnam, 65-72 During nixon's first 2 1/2 years, state department Officially admits that the cia-run phoenix program murdered or abducted 35,708 vnese civilians, 4,836 more than the pentagon claimed the nlf had Assassinated or kidnapped during the same period, and a monthly increase Over the 200 killed by the cia every month under johnson. Senator gravel Edition, (1971). Pentagon papers v 300 Vietnam, 65-73 Phoenix program torture tactics include rape, electric Shock, water torture, hanging from ceiling, beatings, incarceration and Execution. Counterspy 5/73 16 Vietnam, 69-71 K. Barton osborn, phoenix agent, testified to congress "i Never knew an individual to be detained as a vc suspect who ever lived Through an interrogation in a year and a half. Uc 114. Note says this Testimony given before u.s. Congress, hearings of house committee on gvt Op, july/august 71. U.s. Assistance programs vn. 315-321 Vietnam, 73 "The prime difference between the types of intelligence Provided to the military units and the phoenix coordinator was that all Information going to phoenix was of a political nature ... I was following Through on a reported (vc) suspect that one of my agents had identified. The man was interrogated at the marine counter-intelligence complex and I Was invited to witness it. As I entered the hooch the man was being taken Out, dead. He died from a six inch dowel pushed through his ear and into His brain." barton osborn, former phoenix case officer before armed Services committee, 1973. Counterspy spring/summer 75 7 Vietnam. Colby supervised est of pics in each of svn's 44 provinces. Each Center constructed with cia funds. Agency personnel directed each centers Op much of which consisted of torture carried out by vn nationals. Coi 207. Colby admitted serious abuses committed under phoenix. Former intel Officers came before congressional cmttees to describe repeated examples Torture. Marchetti, v., & marks, j.d. (1974). The cia and the cult of Intelligence 207 see fn Vietnam. For accounts u.s. War crimes in vietnam, some of which under cia Op phoenix, see counterspy 12/76 55-62 Vietnam. Census grievance program - every week in every province, cia Officers would give huge bundles of cash to vnese employees who ostensibly Would travel to outlying villages to pay individuals who supposedly Received intel under guise of listening to peasants' grievances. Results Nearly worthless, as were those of a similar infiltration of the rural Development program. Phoenix program. Cia officers played the numbers game And punched their "tickets" and thousands of vnese pocketed the money. Codevilla, a. (1992). Informing statecraft: intelligence for a new century 92 Vietnam, 65-72 During nixon's first 2 1/2 years, state department Officially admits that the cia-run phoenix program murdered or abducted 35,708 vnese civilians, 4,836 more than the pentagon claimed the nlf had Assassinated or kidnapped during the same period, and a monthly increase Over the 200 killed by the cia every month under johnson. Senator gravel Edition, (1971). Pentagon papers v 300 Vietnam, 94 Vn rejects visit of ex-cia chief colby, now a washington Lawyer, who had planned to visit as a director of a u. .s.-based investment Fund. Fund directors had planned to hold a reception monday. Event Canceled, and directors will meet in bangkok. Colby was cia's chief in Saigon during war and was associated with phoenix, an op to root out rural Support for communist guerrillas via sweeping arrests, torture and Execution of suspects. Critics said most of those killed were innocent Peasants. Chicago tribune 12/3/94 21 Vietnam, accelerated pacification campaign, july 68 Thieu with colby's Help issued decree est phoenix committees at national, regional and Provincial and even district level, "to which all the agencies involved had To furnish representation." colby, w. (1978). Honorable men 267 Vietnam, australia, vietnam, 62-73 Australian aattv teams operated in vn Often in cia phoenix op. `Black team' commanded by american of australian Usually given target figure. He pinpointed and black team would go out, Usually dressed in enemy's gear and the assassination then blamed on vc. Toohey, b., & pinwill, w. (1990). Oyster: the story of the australian Secret intelligence service 87-88 Vietnam, cords, phoenix, revolutionary dev. Etc, see blaufarb, d. s. (1977). The counterinsurgency era 243, 278 Vietnam, icex intel coor and exploitation macv/cia program to work on vci With vietnamese cooperation. Colby helped devise program which became Phoenix. Colby, w. (1978). Honorable men 267 Vietnam, in 68 Symbol ci/terror op "royal phoenix". Conveys message "Saigon gvt. All present." project instills fear/hatred saigon gvt. Counterspy may 73 21 Vietnam, kurd syndrome, 75 State dept refugee task force estimates 50,000 "high risk" vietnamese to be evacuated to u.s. Some of these Certainly involved in brutal phoenix ops. Must leave or face revenge. Aid Source estimates 5000 refugees have former phoenix involvement. "Kurd Syndrome" in reverse. Counterspy spring/summer 75 6-9 Vietnam, national security study memo, 67-69 Said although phoenix Launched in dec 67, vietnamese cooperation minimal and only after american Prodding, thieu issued a decree in july 68 directing network to be set up. Program forced on vnese. Pru supervised, controlled and financed by Americans. Frazier, h. (Ed). (1978). Uncloaking the cia 111-125 Vietnam, op "phoenix." (studio h&s, kronenstrasse 10, 108 berlin, ddr). A 35mm film of 66 minutes on the phoenix program. Extensive interview with k. Barton osborn, former member of amer mil intel and former viet. Pol gen Loan. 108 page scenario with still photos is available. Parapolitics x 80 P2 Vietnam, phoenix program most notorious of counterinsurgency programs. Originated by robert w. Komer, who now headed civilian operations Revolutionary development staff (cords), phoenix designed to root out Secret vietcong infrastructure in south vietnam. Miller, n. (1989). Spying For america 379 Vietnam, phoenix, 68-70 In 69 cia apparently had attack squeamishness and Pulled out of cords. Concluded phoenix inappropriate. It believed north had Moved away from military engagement to lacing entire gvt with spies -- Possibly as many as 30,000 so thieu's gvt could be easily overthrown. Baritz, l. (1985). Backfire 269 Vietnam, phoenix, 68-73 Designed to eliminate vci. Detailed description. Frazier, h. (Ed). (1978). Uncloaking the cia 11-125 Vietnam, phoenix op brief and broad description phoenix op. Freemantle, b. (1983). Cia 120-1 Vietnam, phoenix op. Every person who ran program from saigon assigned to Program from cia. Colby and 20,000 + figure of persons killed under Phoenix, see fn ag 440. Phoenix general ranelagh, j. (1986). The agency 436-441 Vietnam, phoenix program, 68-72 Colby, w. (1978). Honorable men 266-288 Vietnam, phoenix program, beginning circa 66-67 Cords pacification Program. Komer settled on massive intel program on vc who could be Neutralized by svn forces. First called icex. Name changed to phoenix in 69 With svn version phung hoang. Had interrogation centers in each of svns 235 Districts and 44 provinces, card files and computerized indexes. Pru's of 50 to 100 men. In phoenix cia provided weapons, paid for saigon computer Files, funded and trained pru's and passed intel to phoenix. Colby told Senate phoenix killed 20,587 vci. When questions arose re legality colby Retreated and said 87% killed in regular military actions. Two army lts. Told federal judge they order to maintain kill quota 50 vci a month. Prados, j. (1986). Presidents' secret wars 307-310 Vietnam, phoenix program evaluation. Robert komer wrote phung hoang has Been a small, poorly managed, and largely ineffective effort. Clearly Phoenix failed to eliminate the infrastructure that remained after heavy Losses of tet. Ce 274-8. Colby continued to see phoenix as contributing Usefully to attack on vc. Blaufarb, d.s. (1977). The counterinsurgency era Notes 328 Vietnam, phoenix program, july 69 "Vietnam information notes" a state Dept publication says: target for 1969 calls for elimination of 1,800 vci Per month. Frazier, h. (Ed). (1978). Uncloaking the cia 97 Vietnam, phoenix program. Part of total pacification program of gvt vn. Colby testified that in over two and a half years there were 29,000 Captured, 17,000 defected and 20,500 killed, of which 87% were killed by Regular and paramilitary forces and 12% by police and similar elements. Vast majority killed in military combat, fire fights, or ambushes, and most Of remainder were killed in police actions attempting to capture them. Major stress to encourage capture. Borosage, r.l., & marks, j. (Eds.). (1976). The cia file 190 Vietnam, phoenix program. Covert action information bulletin (now covert Action quarterly) 13:53; 17:52; 22:15; 25:52 Vietnam, phoenix program. Blum, w. (1986). The cia a forgotten history 144-145 Vietnam, phoenix program. White, r.a. (1984). The morass beginning Stockwell, j. (1991). The praetorian guard 40 Vietnam, phoenix program. Quotas and indiscriminate killing of people. Cia Conceived and organized program and regional and provincial officers in Charge were all cia. Colby actually wrote phoenix directive which thieu was Finally pressured into adopting july 68 Colby conceded phoenix recorded Deaths of 20,587. Powers, t. (1979). The man who kept the secrets 181-2 Vietnam, phoenix program, 67-75 Targets members vci. 637 military intel Advisers assigned to phoenix. Much money given to vnese police to expand Detention facilities. Phoenix org: first the district co - ordination Center, diocc, that maintained dossiers on suspected vc. Once enough Evidence person placed on police green list. Suspect then jailed without Right to civilian trail. In cordon and search ops all villagers lined up And walk past police checkpoint. Next level province interrogation center, Pic, staffed by svnese, americans and cia. After interrogation, suspect Passed on to province security committee, comprised of police chiefs, Military and police intel and advisors. Finally suspects could be Imprisoned under law for 2 years. This one way to neutralize. Other way via Provincial reconnaissance units, pru's, who would kidnap or assassinate Agents targeted by diocc. Had american advisors from seals, green berets. Official amnesty program called chieu hoi used to convince vc to surrender. Vc categorized as a,b, or c. A were key members, c least impt. National Police detention center processed 180,000 a year. American money and effort Went into national identification card, id, project. All vietnamese over Age 15 jailed if did not carry a card a rand computer tracked the 15 Million suspects also cross- linked to 10 million dossiers and fingerprints. "The dossier" issue 6, 11/83 14-5 Vietnam, phung hoang aka phoenix program quotas for units set by komer for All 242 districts. One result indiscriminate killing with every body Labeled vci. Powers, t. (1979). The man who kept the secrets 181-2 Vietnam, see "operation phoenix and the failure of pacification in south Vietnam," liberation 17 (5/73) 21-7 Vietnam, 66-73 Phoenix program synthesis police and pm programs. Cia man Managing census grievance, rd cadre, counterterror teams and pics. Military Intel working with mss, arvn intel and regional and popular forces. Aid Managing chieu hoi and public safety, including field police. Needed to Bring altogether under special police. Valentine, d. (1990). The phoenix Program 99 Vietnam, 67-70 Robert komer after he left cords found that phoenix was a "Poorly managed and largely ineffective program." gibson, j.w. (1986). The Perfect war 299-302 Vietnam, 67-73 Cia developed phoenix program in 67 to neutralize: kill, Capture or make defect vci. Vci means civilians suspected of supporting Communists. Targeted civilians not soldiers. Phoenix also called phung Hoang by vnese. Due process totally nonexistent. Svnese who appeared on Black lists could be tortured, detained for 2 years without trial or Killed. Valentine, d. (1990). The phoenix program 13 Vietnam, 68-72 Nlf according to nixon adm decimated during tet offensive, Remainder by phoenix program. Nvese officer reported phoenix resulted in Loss of thousands of our cadres. Proof in 2 remaining offensives. In 72 And in 75 They did not rely on guerrillas. Baritz, l. (1985). Backfire 273 Vietnam, 68 Phoenix program quota of 1800 neutralizations per month. Viet Cong infrastructure system (vciis) fed 3000 names vci into computer at Combined intel center political order battle section. Beginning of Computerized blacklist. In saigon dia, fbi and cia used computers. Until 70 Computerized blacklist a unilateral american op. Valentine, d. (1990). The Phoenix program 259 Vietnam, 69-70 By 69 census grievance out of business. Rd and territorial Security were merged and gvn took over the pru program. In dec 68 macv Notified depcords william colby of its intention to assume responsibility For intel on vci. By 6/69 transfer of phoenix from cia to macv-j-2 Complete. Valentine, d. (1990). The phoenix program 277 Vietnam, 71 Gen khiem changed his mind and said phung hoang (phoenix) Centers and committees will be retained. In dec 71 cia got its way in Continuing phoenix. "As action transferred to special branch, the advisory Role should be taken over by special branch advisor, the cia man." tpp 392-3. Phoenix ops in 72 Varied from region to region. Valentine, d. (1990). The phoenix program 395 Vietnam, 65-68 U.s./gvn create list active nlf for assassination. After 68 tet offensive names centralized to phoenix coordinators. Collect names Tens of thousands nlf suspects. Milt. Ops such as my lai use phoenix intel. By 73, phoenix generates 300,000 polit. Prisoners in svn. Counterspy may 73 22 Vietnam, 65-70 Details re vietnam. From 65-68 u.s. And saigon intel Services maintained an active list of vc cadre marked for assassination. Phoenix program for 69 called for "neutralizing" 1800 a month. About one Third of vc targeted for arrest had been summarily killed. Security Committees established in provincial interrogation centers to determine Fate of vc suspects, outside of judicial controls. Green berets and navy Seals most common recruits for phoenix program. Green beret detachment b-57 Provided admin cover for other intel units. One was project cherry, tasked To assassinate cambodian officials suspected of collaborating with nvnese, Kgb. Another was project oak targeted against svnese suspected Collaborators. They controlled by special assistant for counterinsurgency And special activities, which worked with cia outside of general abrams Control. Stein. J. (1992). A murder in wartime 360-1 Vietnam, 67-73 Cia developed phoenix program in 67 to neutralize: kill, Capture or make defect vci. Vci means civilians suspected of supporting Communists. Targeted civilians not soldiers. Phoenix also called phung Hoang by vnese. Due process totally nonexistent. Svnese who appeared on Black lists could be tortured, detained for 2 years without trial or Killed. Valentine, d. (1990). The phoenix program 13 Vietnam, 67-73 District intel ops coor center (diooc). Dien ban center a Model for all of phoenix. Bldg 10' x 40'. Manned by two u.s. Soldiers, 2 Census grievance, one rd cadre, and one special branch. Diooc intel Clearinghouse to review, collate, and disseminate info. Immediate local Reaction. Americans kept files of sources, vci and order battle. Reaction Forces 100 police, 1 pru unit, guides from census grievance. Marines Screened civilian detainees using informants and diooc's blacklist. Valentine, d. (1990). The phoenix program 126 Vietnam, 68 Phoenix program quota of 1800 neutralizations per month. Viet Cong infrastructure system (vciis) fed 3000 names vci into computer at Combined intel center political order battle section. Beginning of Computerized blacklist. In saigon dia, fbi and cia used computers. Until 70 Computerized blacklist a unilateral american op. Valentine, d. (1990). The Phoenix program 259 PSYOPS- HTTP://WWW.TELEPORT.COM/~WALTER _______________________________________ blast trauma data fer social dissection made available to: realpolitic junkies, info tyros, kultur buzzards & da masses ======================================= FBI-CIA-KGB-NSA-BCCI-DIA-DEA-FEMA-THULE KKK-CONTRA-JFK-RFK-MLK-MKULTRA-LAROUCHE COINTELPRO-ILLUMINATI-P2-CFR-ADL-MOSSAD BLUEBIRD-OSS-ONI-SOE-BIS-AIDS-ARTICHOKE OTO-OCCULT-NEA-BILDERBERGER-40 CTTE-SLA VELIKOVSKY-SDI-INSLAW-TESLA-TSS-CROWLEY JIM JONES-GURDJIEFF-ABWEHR-T4-WACO-BATF EFF-PGP-RHIC/EDOM-PANDORA-CAN-TAVISTOCK ENIGMA-BEARDEN-GEHLEN-SPETZNAZ-EUGENICS MASONS-ODESSA-WFMH-IRS-MI5-FOIA-TRILATS