In the 1950's
Andre Malraux had proposed that in the modern age of printed imagery,
reproductions of works of art on cards, in magazines and books constituted
an imaginary museum. As the archives and collections of the worlds
libraries and museums become instantly accessible
on-line, the resulting proximity of information
from geographically distant sources will bring to virtual
fruition Malraux's notion of the 'museum without walls'.
On the Internet, hyperlink software allows for the connecting of text and image from distant sources in various linear and non-linear ways[22]. The connectivity of these 'hyper-links' across indefinite and inexhaustible sources can, indeed, be said to constitute a museum like environment to which access is universal, instantaneous and remote. In this multivalent virtual museum, the role of curator belongs to anybody with a home page who cares to set up a few hyper links.
The virtual
museum goer can, in turn, negotiate or 'surf' his or her own way
through and even around these links, interactively
reorganising any given narrative. This indifference
to authorial function, inherent in the new communications
media, confers upon the viewer or reader the power to enact the
esoteric postmodern fancy of the 'Death Of The Author'
. To paraphrase the text of Peter Steiner's
canine cartoon, 'on the Internet, nobody knows you're an author'
or a curator even![27].
In the 'early
days', networked art required some technical understanding of electronic
media and was the domain of the committed computer or digital artist.
However, just as 'icon and mouse' software transformed the notion of
computer literacy, the World Wide Web has simplified
and 'democratised' Internet access. As multimedia
and video conferencing capabilities go on-line, fluidly
articulating image, text, sound and video, the Internet will become the
ideal medium for the presentation of yet unimagined
hybrid cultural forms.
If the Internet
was attracting artists even when it was a specialist arena, artists
from the 'real' world are now going on-line at a tremendous rate. Some
simply use the World Wide Web for presenting 'information'
about themselves and their work in other media.
Others have begun to treat the Internet as a medium for
art on its own terms. What follows is a review, a virtual curation even,
of 'sites' that attempt to reveal the technological,
aesthetic, social and political parameters
of computer mediated communications.
In The Failure of Marcel Duchamp/Japanese Fetish Even! Niranjan Rajah (who ever said that the author was DEAD!) locates his critique of European Aesthetics as a 'site' specific 'installation' in the World Wide Web. While interrogating the ontology of the image in Computer Mediated Communication, this work also attempts to mark the problem of cultural constituencies in the Internet.
In Performance
art, live gestures are employed to take formal and conceptual ideas
directly to the audience, outside the confines of museums and galleries.
Unlike the conventions of theatre, here the artist
is, normally, the performer. In A
hypertext Journal, Nina Pope and Karen Guthrie performed an on-line
interactive travelogue with a 'remote' world
wide audience who could make requests regarding the route or content
of the tour. Taking with them laptop computers, a digital camera, sound
and video equipment and two modems, they re-constructed
the Scottish tour made by Dr. Samuel Johnson
and James Boswell's in 1773. The travelogue was published daily
on the World Wide Web.
In the performance
of Stellarc's
Ping Body [26] the artist's 'body' was wired
up to the internet so that a portion of its musculature
would be stimulated into involuntary movement by the 'ebb and flow
of internet activity'. At the Fractal Flesh event,
an internet audience was able to remotely
view and actuate the artist's body. Stellarc severs a portion of
the body from individual will and extends agency over it, telematically,
to other minds or even to the great Mind of
minds that is the network. In Para-site, information,
in the form of jpg images, is gathered from the Internet
by a search engine and projected onto the artist's body, while the
image data is translated into bodily stimulation.
The body's own nervous system becomes part
of a feed back loop. It generates information for the internet,
while being automated by information from the Internet.
The artist declares that via an 'extended
virtual nervous system' the body becomes "enmeshed within an extended symbolic
and cyborg system mapped and moved by its
search prosthetics"!
If the metaphor
of the body was initially applied to the organisation of business,
in Bodies INCorporated,
the metaphor of business organisation
is used to structure a virtual community. This multi-user environment,
produced by Victoria Vesna, investigates the social psychology and
the group dynamics of virtual bodies interacting
in a networked community. 'Bodies', built
from pre-determined parts, are given identities and operated by
their owners in a public space forged via live internet
links. This interaction of cyber 'avatars'
is subject to 'corporate' regulation and is said to 'have implications
in the material and the symbolic realms'. The bodies can be put on
show, put on hold, killed and even altered outside
of the owner's control. The emotional responses
that emerge from the intercourse of these meta-corporial projections
of ego are revealed in on line forums, and chats. These discussions
evidence our need to create, direct
and vicariously experience the human self as a simulacral other.
In
Sweetness and Light, Roshini Kempadoo
uses a 'plantation' analogy to address the neo-colonial inequities
behind globalising media and communications network. Anette
Weintraub's
Realms is an interactive narrative of
the urban landscape which negotiates the 'shared intimacy'
of the World Wide Web. In Peeping
Tom, Julie Myers explores how both observer and
observed reveal themselves in the voyeurism of the Internet. The ada
web is a collabrative site that
reflects on the Internet as a medium for communication
in projects like Securityland,
Jenny Holzer's Please
Change Beliefs.
As the World
Wide Web brings the cultural 'mainstream' on-line, larger and more
sophisticated art sites are being produced with corporate,
institutional and technological patronage.
The Laboratory
at Oxford University's Ruskin School of Drawing
and Fine Art presents Jake Tilson's works for the World Wide Web
in The
Cooker and David Mach's Quick Time Virtual
Sculpture Vessel.
TUAREG
is a group show involving Art In Ruins, Lori
Bartol, Babara Bechtloff, Louis Couturier,
Jacky G. Lafargue Allan Knut Eckstein,
Hlynur Hallson, Gerd Schmedes, An Seebach, Tomasz
Thun and Sylvie Ungauer which deals with issues like homelessness,
mobility, nomads and related ideas/concepts.
Aharon Amir investigates
the construction of time itself in an on line interactove
VRML environment Time
Creator
4D
Duchamp is a collaborative web project
coordinated by Dew Harrison in which which
involves the transposition of Duchamps 'Large Glass into hypermedia
on the world wide web.
Keith
Roberson's experiments with online videoconferencing
reveal how this medium is an environment within art is
developing.
His interactive (blue screen) performance works question the relations
hip between the artist and his audience.
Heaven
194.94.211.200 by Paul Sermon and Joachim Blank involves
the use of a CU-see me reflector and a World Wide Web site running off
the same server. There are two 'CU-see me bots' permenantly
logged on to the reflector who appear to be
engaged in inteligent conversation and who engage with
new visitors.
'VIRTUAL CURATION'
is still under construction.