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(C) Dr Russell Jay Hendel, 2000
Volume 6 Number 4
Produced May, 14 2000
WARNING: USE FIX WIDTH FONTS (eg COURIER (NEW) 10)
Verses/Topics Discussed in This Issue with quicky explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------
v6-5-13
Backlog of questions finally being printed. Please
submit more. Sorry for delay.
v6-4-10
Request for passover material
v6a4-4
Request for Passover material on the "400 year" problem
v5z13-16
A repeated WORD in a verse indicates that the activity
is done in ANY event, even if you dont have all
prerequisites.eg Dt16-20 PURSUE RIGHTEOUSNESS
RIGHTEOUSNESS means IN ANY EVENT eg if a guilty person
was acquited then MAINTAIN that ACQUITED STATUS
v5b24-15
Rashi may SEEM to derive an interpretation from INTERNAL
PHRASING of a verse. But the real derivation comes from
comparison with another verse. 4 examples are brought
#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*# (C) Dr Hendel, 2000 *#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*
RASHI IS SIMPLE
GOALS: To grammatically defend all 8000 Rashis on Chumash.
METHOD:Every Rashi will be defended with a LIST of comparable cases
INTENDED AUDIENCE: Laymen, Academicians, Rabbis, Yeshiva students
COMMENTS,QUESTIONS: EMail to address below; (minor edits may occur)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:Always given unless 'anonymous' is explicitly asked
(UN)SUBSCRIBE: Email to above with keyword "(UN)subscribe"
JOURNAL REFERECE: Pshat & Drash, TRADITION, Win 1980, R Hendel
NOTATION: eg v2b1-8 refers to Ex(Book 2) Chap 1 Verse 8 Rashi b(#2)
SPECIALS:...on Rambam,Ramban,Symbolism,Pedagogy,Daily Questions
RASHI-IS-SIMPLE RULES...Complete set with examples ON BOTTOM
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VERSE: v6-5-13
======
Administrivia---
Hi everybody
I hope you like the new shorter form started in Volume 6--
>more Rashis
>less words
>less form
>more clarity on the main point
I have a big backlog of questions. I really apologize
to everyone for not being prompt on printing them.
I shall begin printing them at about 2 an issue.
I also have some new reader comments
All comments (with substance) are printed. Unless I
hear otherwise I acknowledge the author by name. If you
want it printed anonymously just let me know.
And please...continue the good work of asking questions
on Rashis or just making comments. This is your email group.
I am also slowly working on proofreading old volumes. I hope
to have VOlume 5 for download by the end of the month.
Respectfully
Russell Jay Hendel; Moderator Rashi is Simple
#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*# (C) Dr Hendel, 2000 *#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*
VERSE: v6-4-10
======
FROM: Josi Wetstein [email protected]
DATE: 4-10-2000
RE: Passover Material
Russell
I was wondering if you have a collection (similar to your RASHI
posts) of Pesach/Hagaddah related items, suitable for framing
or retelling at a Seder. As I plan to be at my in-laws for
Yuntiff, iy"h, I need to have a few things to say over that are
more intellectual than not. Of course, I thought of you :)
Take care,
Yossi
--
Joseph P. Wetstein, P.E.
[email protected]
(707) 202-0600 fax
PP/ASEL & KA3VJY [Tech+]
[MODERATOR: Answered in Volume 5 Number 24]
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VERSE: v6a4-4
=============
From: "yosef braun"
To: [email protected]
Date: Tue, 4 Apr 2000 03:33:27 -0400 (EDT)
Subject: Re: RASHI-IS-SIMPLE digest 121
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed
i searched the archives for your treatment
of rashi about the duration of
BN"Y in Egy .i.e. 210/400/430 yrs.
I came across vol. 1 #22. but, I believe
you've dealt with this recently again
more extensively. can you help me please?
yossi braun
Let's Welcome Moshiach with
Acts of Goodness and Kindness
[MODERATOR: Yes...this was dealt with in Volume 1
Number 22 as pointed out. It was resummarized in
Volume 5 number 24]
#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*# (C) Dr Hendel, 2000 *#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*
VERSE: v5b24-15
======
*************************************
MODULE 1: The method of OTHER VERSES*
*************************************
In this issue we present Rashis which SEEM to learn something from
an emphasis in a
>GIVEN verse.
However, the actual derivation of Rashi is from a comparison with
ANOTHER LINKED VERSE{NOTES *1}. We call this the method of
>OTHER VERSES.
Let us give some examples which are summarized in {LIST1}
EXAMPLE 1: Dt24-15b
----------
The verses are speaking about
>Dt24-15b Paying a worker on time
>Dt15-09b Loaning to a poor person
The verses admonish to make payments
>Dt24-15b .. so he should not call to God
>Dt15-09b .. lest he should call to God
Both verses then conclude
>Dt24-15b ...and you will have a sin
>Dt15-09b ...and you will have a sin
>RASHI:
>Both verses state
>And you will have a sin
>Hence we learn that you will bear a sin whether you DO
>CALL TO GOD or you DO NOT CALL TO GOD
In summary Rashi is making a derivation from the juxtaposition of
this verse with the OTHER VERSE. It is the comparison of verses
that motivates the statement that (See {LIST2})
>"YOU WILL HAVE A SIN" --- in any event.
*******************************************
MODULE 2: Further examples of OTHER VERSES*
*******************************************
EXAMPLE 2: Lv23-08a, Lv23-08b
----------
The Bible is speaking about the fact that there is a 7 day holiday
called PASSOVER during the Hebrew month of Nissan. The Bible says
>Lv23-08 &you'll offer fire offerings to God 7days
>Nu27-16:25&you'll offer fire offerings to God oxen,ram,sheep 7days
>RASHI
>The first thing we observe is that the LEVITICUS verse
>refers to the oxen, ram and sheep offerings mentioned
>in NUMBERS.
Such cross referencing is common in the Bible. Many references may
be found on the Rashi web site under the method of OTHER VERSES.
The second thing we notice is that OXEN, RAM and SHEEP offerings
are mentioned in NUMBERS but not in Leviticus. Hence
>Since the requirement to offer OXEN, RAM, SHEEP are
>mentioned (in Numbers) we infer that one should offer
>the various additional offerings of OXEN, RAM and SHEEP
>However,since no animals are mentioned in Lev,we infer that
>the primary emphasis is for you to offer SOMETHING. Eg
>if all you have is SHEEP (but no oxen or rams) then
>you should offer SHEEP. If you have sheep and rams
>then offer the sheep and rams (but no oxen).
Again this Rashi is derived from the
>OTHER VERSE
It is the comparison with the OTHER VERSE that enables the
derivation to take place{See {LIST3})
EXAMPLE 3: Ex23-07a, Dt16-20a
---------
>Do not kill an
>INNOCENT or
>RIGHTEOUS PERSON
>RASHI:
>Do not kill an RIGHTEOUS person if he was mistakingly
>found GUILTY (You are required to retry him)
>
>Do not kill an INNOCENT person even if he
>was really guilty and was found INNOCENT by an
>incorrect judicial process{NOTES *2}
It is easy to both understand and be confused by Rashi.
After all the verse says
>Don't kill an innocent righteous person
So...if we want to be picky and interpret EACH word
>innocent = adjudicated innocent
>righteous = intrinsically righteous
then we COULD derive the above Rashi.
On the other hand, we need not be picky. We could simply
interpret the verse broadly. We could interpret the phrase
>innocent righteous = a person who doesn't deserve it
We could then interpret Ex23-07a as
>Do not convict a person who doesn't deserve it.
So we have 2 possible methods of interpretation--
>we could be picky and interpret each word
>we could interpret the verse broadly
Why did Rashi chose one method over another? The reason Rashi
chose to be picky was because he was ordered to by ANOTHER VERSE
>Dt16-20a Pursue RIGHTEOUSNESS, RIGHTEOUSNESS
As {LIST4} which we will review below shows, REPETITION of a word in
a verse command implies that the command should be done in ALL
circumstances--even if all prerequisites of the command are not
present. Hence if the verse says
>Pursue RIGHTEOUSNESS, RIGHTEOUSNESS
we interpret this to mean that we pursue RIGHTEOUSNESS
>EVEN when you don't have the prerequisites i.e.
>EVEN when you don't have a court process to back it up ie.
>EVEN when a guilty person was judged guilty
So again Rashi derives his interpretation from ANOTHER VERSE. It is
not the words INNOCENT, RIGHTEOUS by themselves that enable Rashi's
derivation---it is rather the OTHER VERSE
>Pursue RIGHTEOUSNESS RIGHTEOUSNESS
that demands a 'picky' interpretation of each word.
LISTS,NOTES,SUMMARIES:(This section may be ignored on a 1st Reading)
===========================
{NOTES *1}
==========
In the examples brought Rashi's language seems to derive his
examples from the internal phrasing of the verse. However as we
show above Rashi actually derives his interpretations simply and
elegantly from comparisons with OTHER VERSES. The more advanced
reader is invited to read the Rashi text and compare them with
our derivation.
{NOTES *2}:
=========
Rashi learns that we should acquit BOTH
>a guilty person that was found INNOCENT by COURT
>a RIGHTEOUS person that was found guilty(retry him
On this there is no dispute.
However there are 2 possible ways to learn this from the text.
We could interpret
>INNOCENT=INNOCENT by COURT (but actually guilty)
>RIGHTEOUS=INTRINSICALLY RIGHTEOUS(even if convicted otherwise)
OR we could learn
>INNOCENT = INTRINSICALLY innocent
>RIGHTEOUS = ADJUDICATED RIGHTEOUS
This last method would focus on the grammatical root of
>RIGHTEOUS, Tz-D-K
which also means
>ADJUDICATED
The purpose of this email list is NOT to review variant texts of
Rashi. Rather the purpose of this email list is to review HOW
Rashi derived inferences from the text. We have clearly shown that
Rashi derived his interpretation using the method of OTHER VERSES.
This derivation would hold independent of which text of Rashi we use
{LIST1} {Examples where a derivation comes NOT from a microscopic
analysis of a given verse but rather from an explicit
statement in ANOTHER VERSE. For more examples visit
the Rashi website}
VERSE 1 VERSE 2 WHAT WE LEARN FROM THE OTHER VERSE
======= ======= ===================================================
Dt25-14 Dt15-09 Nonpayment gives sin status even without praying
Lv23-08 Nu27-16 Offer offerings even if you can't offer all types
Ex23-07 Dt16-20 Free a person whether he IS or is JUDGED Righteous
Gn35-22 Gn49-04 Reuben only PLAYED WITH HIS FATHERS BEDS(no affair)
Ex23-14 1Ch2-19 We learn that Chur was Calebs son
{LIST2} {Alignment of Dt24-15b and Dt15-09b with explanatory
comments on their differences}
Dt24-15b Dt15-09b COMMENTS
======== ======== ========
give money... give money..
so he should lest he should
NOT Praying to God against the person
call to God call to God who did't pay is optional
& you'll have & you'll have
a sin a sin You will have a sin IN EITHER CASE
{LIST3} {Alignment of Nu27-16:25 and Lv23-08 with explanatory
comments on their differences}
Lv23-08 Nu27-16:25 COMMENTS
======= ========== ========
& you'll offer & you'll offer
an OLAH
fire offering fire offering Main point is to offer SOMETHING
to God to God to God
Oxen....2
Rams....1 IF POSSIBLE offer 2 oxen, 1 Ram,
7 Sheeps... 7 sheeps...if you don't have them
you can offer eg only the oxen or
only the ram or only the 7 sheep
{LIST4} {Of Repeated nouns and or verbs in the same or nearby verses
(Courtesy of Malbim)*1. In each case the repetition is
interpreted to mean
>do this activity or use this object
>IN ANY EVENT
>even if the prerequisites for the activity
or object are not there}
THE NOUN REFERS APPLICATION
TO TWO OBJECTS OF THIS
VERSE REPEATED NOUN THAT ARE SIMILAR PRINCIPLE
(Is in Caps) THESE 2 OBJECTS ARE OF TWO OBJECTS *2
----- ------------- ------- -----------
Dt13-16a Hit Hit by sword Hit=hit by sword Eg If you don't
Hit=hit anyway have swords then
destroy the city
by fire
Ex12-09c Cook cook in Cook=cook in water Eg if you don't
water Cook=cook anyway have water then
cook in any medium
Dt16-20a Pursue righteous person Eg if you don't
righteousness righteous by court have a court
righteousness adjudication adjudication then
retry him
Lv01-05 Offer BLOOD Blood in vessel Even spilled blood
Throw BLOOD Blood spilled on floor can be thrown
on altar (not just
blood properly
collected)
Lv27-14 Sanctify HOUSE House=House These sanctify/
Lv27-15 Redeem his HOUSE House=Possesions redeems laws apply
Either to a house
or a house with
possessions
Lv23-32 On EVE of 9th Eve = After Sunset Don't eat on the
From the EVE Eve = During Sunset day prior to Yom
Kippur right up
to sunset. Rather
start the fast
prior to sunset
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: Volume 3 Number 12, v5a24-14 gives a derivation
of the AND YOU WILL HAVE A SIN (In that volume, I
derived it from the word HYH which always denotes
emphasis. The following derivation (based on
comparison of verses) is simpler and supports the
other derivation (NOTE Rashis supplemental statement
that 'God punishes swifter if the person deprived of
pay prays' which is a logical followup from the
permissability to pray).
Volume 2 Number 20, v2a22-25 gives a list of verses
with DOUBLE VERBS.
Volume 4 Number 13, v1-37-15..gives a list of verses
with DOUBLE NOUNS
Volume 1 Number 13 v2b23-14 Technique of other verses--
we learn Churs identity from an explicit statement
in Chronicles not from this verse
Volume 1 Number 2 v1-35-22 Technique of other verses.
We learned what Reuben did from an explicit
statement in another verse
Volume 6 Number 4: v5z13-16 and v5b25-14 cross reference
each other
PRINCIPLES USED: OTHER VERSES
OTHER VERSES
OTHER VERSES
OTHER VERSES
#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*# (C) Dr Hendel, 2000 *#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*
VERSE: v5z13-16
======
*************************************************************
MODULE 1: The method of DOUBLE NOUNS--(WORD WORD REPETITION)*
*************************************************************
As indicated above in Dt16-20a, a REPEATED WORD WORD
in a verse indicated that we do the activity or use the object
in ALL CIRCUMSTANCES even if the prerequisites are not present.
This theme is has been developed in the past. We now present
several examples of how REPETITION denotes IN ANY EVENT.
The examples are summarized in {LIST1}
Example 1: Dt13-16a
---------
>Dt13-16a You will hit--be involved in hitting--this
> city by sword
>
>RASHI:
>
>The repeated language
>hit by sword, be involved in hitting
>indicates that we should hit the city even if we don't
>have swords (eg so we destroy the city by fire)
We can apply the DOUBLE WORD METHOD to Lv23-08a, analyzed elsewhere
by the method of OTHER VERSES, as follows:
Example 2: Lv23-08a, (Revisited)
-------------------------------------------
>You will offer a fire offering to God(Lv23-08)---
>You will ofer a fire offering of Ox, Ram...(Nu27-16)
>
>RASHI:
>
>The repeated language
>offer fire, offer fire offering of Ox, Ram..
>indicates that we should offer fire offerings even if we
>don't have oxen AND rams and AND sheep.
This perspective combines the OTHER VERSE technique with the
DOUBLE VERB technique{NOTES *1}. We can continue to apply
the DOUBLE VERB method to other examples
Example 3: Ex12-09c
---------
>You shall cook--be involved in cooking-- the Passover
>lamb--in water
>
>RASHI:
>The repeated language
>cook---be involved in cooking---in water
>indicates that we should cook the passover lamb in
>any liquid even if we don't have water
Example 4: Dt16-20a
---------
>Pursue RIGTHEOUSNESS, RIGHTEOUSNESS
>RASHI:
>The repeated language
>Righteousness, Righteousness
>teaches us that we should seek a nice, good justice
we interpreted this above to mean that we pursue RIGHTEOUSNESS
>EVEN when you don't have the prerequisites
>EVEN when you don't have a court process to back it up
>EVEN when a guilty person was judged guilty
LISTS,NOTES,SUMMARIES:(This section may be ignored on a 1st Reading)
===========================
NOTES *1:
=========
This derivation is conjectural. It is based on a principle
of the Malbim that
>2 complementary verses that look alike are perceived as
>one long verse with repetition.
Thus anytime a verse is repeated in two places Malbim will apply
the rules of REPETITION to the repeated phrases in those two
verses. As already indicated I see no need for this principle and
prefer the derivation from the technique of OTHER VERSES (Since
one verse says OFFER TO GOD while the other verse says OFFER TO
GOD RAMS, OXEN, SHEEP) The contrast of verses suffices with
explanatory comments on the differences enables the derivation.
{LIST1} {Of Repeated nouns and or verbs in the same or nearby verses
(Courtesy of Malbim)*1. In each case the repetition is
interpreted to mean
>do this activity or use this object
>IN ANY EVENT
>even if the prerequisites for the activity
or object are not there}
THE NOUN REFERS APPLICATION
TO TWO OBJECTS OF THIS
VERSE REPEATED NOUN THAT ARE SIMILAR PRINCIPLE
(Is in Caps) THESE 2 OBJECTS ARE OF TWO OBJECTS *2
----- ------------- ------- -----------
Dt13-16a Hit Hit by sword Hit=hit by sword Eg If you don't
Hit=hit anyway have swords then
destroy the city
by fire
Ex12-09c Cook cook in Cook=cook in water Eg if you don't
water Cook=cook anyway have water then
cook in any medium
Dt16-20a Pursue righteous person Eg if you don't
righteousness righteous by court have a court
righteousness adjudication adjudication then
retry him
Lv01-05 Offer BLOOD Blood in vessel Even spilled blood
Throw BLOOD Blood spilled on floor can be thrown
on altar (not just
blood properly
collected)
Lv27-14 Sanctify HOUSE House=House These sanctify/
Lv27-15 Redeem his HOUSE House=Possesions redeems laws apply
Either to a house
or a house with
possessions
Lv23-32 On EVE of 9th Eve = After Sunset Don't eat on the
From the EVE Eve = During Sunset day prior to Yom
Kippur right up
to sunset. Rather
start the fast
prior to sunset
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: Volume 3 Number 12, v5a24-14 gives a derivation
of the AND YOU WILL HAVE A SIN (In that volume, I
derived it from the word HYH which always denotes
emphasis. The following derivation (based on
comparison of verses) is simpler and supports the
other derivation (NOTE Rashis supplemental statement
that 'God punishes swifter if the person deprived of
pay prays' which is a logical followup from the
permissability to pray).
Volume 2 Number 20, v2a22-25 gives a list of verses
with DOUBLE VERBS.
Volume 4 Number 13, v1-37-15..gives a list of verses
with DOUBLE NOUNS
Volume 1 Number 13 v2b23-14 Technique of other verses--
we learn Churs identity from an explicit statement
in Chronicles not from this verse
Volume 1 Number 2 v1-35-22 Technique of other verses.
We learned what Reuben did from an explicit
statement in another verse
Volume 6 Number 4: v5z13-16 and v5b25-14 cross reference
each other
PRINCIPLES USED: DOUBLE NOUNS
DOUBLE NOUNS
DOUBLE NOUNS
DOUBLE NOUNS
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THE 2 DOZEN RASHI-IS-SIMPLE RASHI RULES
=======================================
I: RASHI gives MEANING
======================
A: WORD MEANINGS--(eg)"on the face of"=during the lifetime
(v2n6,v4-3-4), http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v4-3-4.htm
B: SPECIAL WORDS--(eg)ACH=USUALLY;USUALLY observe shabbath!
(v2n6, v4-1-49),http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v4-1-49.htm
C: SYNONYMS--(eg)YShV=RESIDE; GARTI='INNED'--temporary say
(v1n1, v1-32-5), http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v1-32-5.htm
D: UNIFIED MEANING--(eg)Tz Ch K = (a) laugh, OR (b) mock
(v4n4, v1-21-9), http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v1-21-9.htm
E: NEW MEANINGS--(eg)HEAD-MOUTH of garment = HEM of Garment
(v5n10,v2a28-32),http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v2a28-32.htm
II: RASHI teaches GRAMMAR/STYLE
===============================
F: CLASSICAL GRAMMAR--(eg)HEY+CHATAF PATACH=QUESTION
(v2n24,v1b3-11),http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v1b3-11.htm
G: USAGE(NEW GRAMMAR)--(eg)INFINITIVE=GERUND;WATCHING laws;
(v2n10,v4-32-6),http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v4-32-6.htm
H: ROOT+PREPOSITION--(eg) BCH AL=cries about,BCH ETH=mourn
(v1n14,v1a45-14),http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v1a45-14.htm
I: SEMANTIC RULES--(eg) WAGES="ENDoF"="END oF Work Day';
(v1n10,v1b1-1),http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v1b1-1.htm
J: STYLE--(eg)REPETITION denotes Endearment;'Abraham,Abraham
(v1n6,v2-1-1),http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v2-1-1.htm
K: DOUBLE NOUNS--(eg)HIT HIT by sword ('even without sword')
(v2n20,v2a22-25),http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v2a22-25.htm
L: PRONOUNS--(eg) sanctify OTHO = sanctify ONLY IT;
(v2n10,v4a7-1),http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v4a7-1.htm
III: OVERALL TEXTUAL STRUCTURE
==============================
M: OTHER VERSES--(eg)STONE(3-25-13)=BALANCE STONES(3-19-36)
(v3n9,v5b25-13),http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v5b25-13.htm
N: EXTRA SENTENCES--(eg)he'll dress his measurement=TAYLORED
(v1n20,v3a6-3),http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v3a6-3.htm
O: DOUBLE PARSHAS-'he WILL pray'-'he WON'T pray';So Optional
(v3n12,v5a24-14),http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v5a24-14.htm
P: CLIMAX-(eg 5-19-11)(a)Hate, (b)spy, (c)confront,(d)Murder
(v3n9,v5-19-11),http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v5-19-11.htm
Q: OVERALL STRUCTURE-growing nails=despisement(from context)
(v3n8,v5-21-12),http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v5-21-12.htm
IV: IMPLICATIONS & DERIVATIONS
==============================
R: STAGES-learn HUMAN marital frequency from ANIMAL ratios
(v1n14,v1a32-15),http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v1a32-15.htm
S: MORAL LESSONS/REASONS-God spoke before punishment;we too
(v2n12,v4-12-9),http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v4-12-9.htm
T: RabbiIshmael-(eg)When an OX gores; OR ANY animal gores;
(v2n19,v2-22-17),http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v2-22-17.htm
V: OVERALL
=================
U: SYMBOLISM-'WASHING his clothes in wine'=PLENTY of wine;
(v4n18,v1a49-11),http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v1a49-11.htm
V: PICTURES--(eg) The TZITZ was like a HELMET over a turban
(v5n12,v2-40-35),http://www.shamash.org/rashi/v2-40-35.htm
W: TABLES/SPREADSHEETS---To appear
End of Rashi-Is-Simple Digest
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