Orgins of Fear
Sluagh
A horde of evil spirits, who fly in groups like birds. According to Irish
legends, they are the souls of deceased sinners and they try to take other
souls with them. They come flying from the west and therefore, when someone
is dying, people keep the windows on the west-side closed. This way, the
soul of the deceased can not be intercepted before it reaches heaven.
Styx
Styx ("hate") is the Greek goddess of the river of death in the underworld.
She was usually said to be the daughter of Erebus and Nyx. She was married
to Pallas by whom she had Zelus, Nike, Cratos and Bia.
The gods swore their oaths by this river, for violating such an oath would
result in the loss of their immortality.
Succubis
In medieval European folklore, the incubus is a male demon (or evil spirit)
who visits women in their sleep to lie with them in ghostly sexual intercourse.
The woman who falls victim to an incubus will not awaken, although may experience
it in a dream. Should she get pregnant the child will grow inside her as
any normal child, except that it will possess supernatural capabilities.
Usually the child grows into a person of evil intent or a powerful
wizard. Legend has it that the magician Merlin was the result of the
union of an incubus and a nun.
A succubus is the female variety, and she concentrates herself on men.
Etymology: (Latin) incubare "to lie upon, in, with".
Tatzlwurm
In German folklore, the Tatzlwurm is a winged, fire-breathing dragon.
Dragon
Few creatures of folklore and mythology conjure up the mental images of the
dragon. Also known as wurm, wyrm and firedrake, these mercurial creatures
pervade almost every pantheon of classical mythology and have become an integral
inclusion of an entire genre of fantasy literature.
Descriptions of the beast's benevolence vary from the playful Puff (of Peter
Yarrow's song) to the sinister Smaug in J.R.R. Tolkien's "The Hobbit". Babylonian
legends portray the Queen of Darkness as a multi-headed dragon - Tiamat.
Walt Disney's Sleeping Beauty features a battle between Prince Phillip and
the evil Maleficent and the Germanic myth "Die Neiberling" climaxes with
the battle between Siegfried and the giant Fafnir, who has transformed himself
into a wyrm in an effort to become more frightening.
Physical characteristics of dragons also vary but several consistencies are
usually present. The beasts are typically depicted as huge lizards, larger
than elephants on average. Long fangs are generally accepted as are twin
horns of varying length. Western cultures generally include large bat-like
wings giving the dragon the capability of flight. But eastern dragons, usually
wingless, use a more magical means of flying. As well, eastern dragons tend
to be more snake-like in nature, albeit with front and rear legs.
Most dragons will be covered in scales, although there are some with a leathery
skin. Coloring ranges the entire gamut of the spectrum but red, green, black
and gold appear to be the most common. It is also generally accepted that
most dragons are magical creatures in nature and have the ability to breathe
fire (as a weapon). Some dragons may have a modification in this breath weapon
(frost, lightning, gas) but this appears to be purely a fabrication of fantasy
role-playing games and the myths they spawn.
For those interested in a rational theory of what dragons may have been like
and why there are no fossils of them, consider reading Peter Dickinson's
"The Flight of Dragons" (Fitzhenry and Whiteside Ltd. 1979.) In it, Dickinson
speculates that something in the dragon's physiology produced vast amounts
of hydrogen gas, which would account for its ability to fly (much like a
zeppelin) and the need to periodically exhale hydrogen, an inherently flammable
gas that flint-like teeth could easily spark into combustion.
Obviously, a dragon could not fly with his wings only; the wings would have
to be around 600 feet wide to support one. However, we DO see something flying
today which has no wings. Ever heard of the Goodyear blimp?
It stands to reason, then, that a creature could have some kind of chemical
mechanism wherein he could "fill" himself with a lighter-than-air gas, in
which point, if he was light enough (which the blimp is), he could rise to
the heavens, with the wings being used for mild propulsion and steering.
When he releases the gas in a kind of belch (to get back down!), a chemical
in his mouth ignites the gas, creating the tell-tale breath of fire. Remember,
cows make methane (a highly flammable gas) in their stomachs. These chemicals
would also create the highly corrosive liquid known as "dragon's blood,"
which would explain its ability to melt swords and the like away. It would
also corrode the dragon carcass comparatively quickly, erasing all evidence
of the dragon (and thus all fossil evidence).
As for why dragons hoarded gold, you should realise that gold will not make
a sharp point (for long) when laid upon, and it also could not be affected
by the "dragon's blood" at all. This is most important: anywhere the dragon
would lie would be a chemical swamp rather quickly; gold would allow for
a lair which could stay a lair for a while. Many more aspects of dragons
are covered in the book which are not covered here; if you have an interest
in dragons, this is a source for straight reasoning on how they could have
existed.
Tiamat
In Babylonian myths, Tiamat is a huge, bloated female dragon that personifies
the saltwater ocean, the water of Chaos. She is also the primordial mother
of all that exists, including the gods themselves. Her consort is Apsu, the
personification of the freshwater abyss that lies beneath the Earth. From
their union, saltwater with freshwater, the first pair of gods were born.
They are Lachmu and Lachamu, parents of Ansar and Kisar, grandparents of
Anu and Ea.
In the creation epic Enuma elish, written around 2000 BC, their descendants
started to irritate Tiamat and Apsu so they decided to kill their offspring.
Ea discovered their plans and he managed to kill Apsu while the latter was
asleep. Tiamat flew into a rage when she learned about Apsu's death and wanted
to avenge her husband. She created an army of monstrous creatures, which
was to be led by her new consort Kingu, who is also her son. Eventually,
Tiamat was defeated by the young god Marduk, who was born in the deep freshwater
sea.
Marduk cleaved her body in half, and from the upper half he created the sky
and from the lower half he made the earth. From her water came forth the
clouds and her tears became the source of the Tigris and the Euphratus. Kingu
also perished, and from his blood Marduk created the first humans.
Troll
In Scandinavian myth, trolls are ugly, malicious creatures and the enemies
of mankind. They are much bigger and stronger than humans, and leave their
caves only after dark to hunt. If they are exposed to sunlight they will
instantly turn to stone. Trolls are very fond of human flesh. In later myths
they are roughly the size of humans or elves, and thought to be the owners
of buried treasures. They are sometimes, although very rarely, portrayed
as friendly, less ugly creatures.
