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Common causative pathogens

          Chlamydia trachomatis – Chlamydia

                   Obligate intracellular parasite with a unique biphasic life cycle.

                   Serovars of C. trachomatis cause Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV).

                   C. trachomatis also causes ocular trachoma.

          Neisseria gonorrhoeae – Gonorrhea

Nonmotile, non-spore-forming, Gram-negative diplococcus, intracellular parasite.

          Similar to other Neisseria species such as N. meningitides, differentiated by growth on selective media (Thayer-Martin).

Drug Resistant N. gonorrhoeae

PPNG – Penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae

          US 1988 ~ 3%, 1992 ~ 9.8 %, 1995 ~ 5% of strains

TRNG – Tetracyclin-resistant N. gonorrhoeae

          US 1988 ~ 4%, 1992 ~ 6 %, 2000 ~ 11% of strains

PPNG/TRNG – both Penicillin and Tetracyclin-resistant N. gonorrhoeae

          US 1988 ~ 0.3%, 1992 ~ 2 %, 2000 ~ 7.6% of strains

QRNG – Quinolone-resistant N. gonorrhoeae

          US (Honolulu, HW) 2001 14.3% of strains – so never use quinolones.

          US (California) – emerging resistance – so not recommended.

Treponema pallidum – Syphilis

                   Spirochete – slender, unicellular, tightly coiled, motile.

                   Cannot be cultivated in vitro.

Other pathogens – may be transmitted by other means –

          Ureaplasma urealyticum

          Trichomonas vaginalis

          Candida albicans

          Mycoplasma genitalum

          Herpes Simplex type 2 (HSV-2)

          Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)

          Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

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