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10. FORMS OF THE VERB USED AFTER THE AUXILIARY VERBS "HAVE" AND "HAD" -
QAABAB LA ISTICMAALAYO FAL GAR-GAARE "HAVE" IYO "HAD" KA DIB
The Present Perfect
The Present Perfect tense of a verb is formed from the Past Participle, and the Simple Present of the auxiliary verb have. For most English verbs, the form of the Past Participle is the same as that of the Simple Past.
For example, here is the Present Perfect tense of the verb open:
I have opened waan furay
you have opened waad furtay, waad furten
he has opened wuu furay
she has opened way furtay
we have opened waanu furnay
they have opened way furen
In the case of some irregular English verbs, the form of the Past Participle differs from that of the Simple Past. For example, in the case of the verb do, the Simple Past is did, whereas the Past Participle is done (dan).
Here is the Present Perfect tense of the verb do:
I have done
you have done
he has done
she has done
we have done
they have done
Here are some irregular English verbs with Past Participles which differ in form from the Simple Past:
Verb and Past Participle of the Verb
begin (biigin) bilaabid, bilow, begun (biigan)
come (kam) kaalay, imow, come (kam)
do (duu) samey, done (dan)
drink (dringk) cabbid, cab, drunk (drangk)
drive (draayv) kaxayn, wadid, driven (driven)
eat (iit) cunid, cun, eaten (iiten)
fly (flaay), duulid, flown (floon)
give (giv) sii, bixin, given (given)
go (goo) tag, tegid, bax, gone (gon)
grow (groo) berid, korin, grown (groon)
know (noo) garasho, known (noon)
ride (raayd) fuulid, ridden (riden)
run (ran) ordid, carar, run (ran)
see (sii) arag, fiiri, seen (siin)
speak (spiik) hadal, spoken (spooken)
take (teyk) qaadid, taken (teyken)
write (raayt) qor, qorid, written (riten)
The Present Perfect tense can be used to refer to actions which have already been completed relative to the present time.
For example:
I have finished the work already.
Aniga waan dhameyey shaqadii mar hore.
In my whole life, I have met him only once.
Nolosheyda oo dhan, aniga waxaan la kulmay isaga mar kaliya.
Now I have found the answer.
Hadda aniga waxaan helay jawaabti.
The Past Perfect
The Past Perfect tense is formed in the same way as the Present Perfect, except that had (the Simple Past of the verb have) is used as the auxiliary verb.
For example:
I had opened waan furay
you had opened waad furtay, waad furten
he had opened wuu furay
she had opened way furtay
we had opened waanu furnay
they had opened way furen
Some uses of the Past Perfect are explained in the next chapter.
The Past Perfect tense can be used to refer to an action that happened before another action in the past.
For example:
He came after I had left.
Wuu yimid, aniga markaan tagay ka dib.
After I had eaten, I slept.
Ka dib markaan cunay, waan seexday.
The Past Conditional
The Past Conditional is formed in the same way as the Present Perfect, except that would have (wud haav) is used as the auxiliary.
For example:
I would have opened
you would have opened
he would have opened
she would have opened
we would have opened
they would have opened
One use of the Past Conditional is explained in the next chapter.
The Passive Voice
The tenses of the Passive Voice are formed in the same way as the Perfect tenses, except that the verb be is used as the auxiliary verb.
For example:
Simple Present Tense of the Passive Voice
I am taught aniga aya bartay
you are taught adiga aya baratay, idinka aya barateen
he is taught isaga aya bartay
she is taught iyada aya baratay
we are taught anaga aya baranay
they are taught iyaga aya barteen
Simple Past Tense of the Passive Voice
I was hidden anigu waan qarsanaa
you were hidden adigu waad qarsaneed, idinku wadd qarsayneen
he was hidden isagu wuu qarsanaa
she was hidden iyadu way qarsaneed
we were hidden anagu waanu qarsaneyn
they were hidden iyagu way qarsanayeen
Example:
The keys were hidden by the boy.
Furayasha waxaa qariye wiilka.
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10. QAABAB LA ISTICMAALAYO FAL GAR-GAARE "HAVE" IYO "HAD" KA DIB -
FORMS OF THE VERB USED AFTER THE AUXILIARY VERBS "HAVE" AND "HAD"
"The Present Perfect"
"Present Perfect", fal gar-gaare waa Qaab Xaalad Sahlan ee falka have. Present Perfect, inta badan Qaab Xaalad la Soodhafay wuxuu dhacaa fal gar-gaaruhu ka dib.
Tusaale:
I have opened waan furay
you have opened waad furtay, waad furten
he has opened wuu furay
she has opened way furtay
we have opened waanu furnay
they have opened way furen
Present Perfect, falal qaarkood waxay yeelanayaan Qaab Qaas Ah ("The Past Participle")fal gar-gaaraha ka dib. Falka do, Qaab Xaalad la Soodhafay waa did, iyo Qaabkii Qaaska waa done (dan).
Tusaale:
I have done
you have done
he has done
she has done
we have done
they have done
Waa in aad kor ka qeybtaa Qaababka Qaas Ah.
Tusaale:
Fal iyo Qaab Qaas Ah
begin (biigin) bilaabid, bilow, begun (biigan)
come (kam) kaalay, imow, come (kam)
do (duu) samey, done (dan)
drink (dringk) cabbid, cab, drunk (drangk)
drive (draayv) kaxayn, wadid, driven (driven)
eat (iit) cunid, cun, eaten (iiten)
fly (flaay), duulid, flown (floon)
give (giv) sii, bixin, given (given)
go (goo) tag, tegid, bax, gone (gon)
grow (groo) berid, korin, grown (groon)
know (noo) garasho, known (noon)
ride (raayd) fuulid, ridden (riden)
run (ran) ordid, carar, run (ran)
see (sii) arag, fiiri, seen (siin)
speak (spiik) hadal, spoken (spooken)
take (teyk) qaadid, taken (teyken)
write (raayt) qor, qorid, written (riten)
Present Perfect waxaa la isticmaalaa fal buuxa ee wakhtiga la joogo dhacaaya.
Tusaale:
I have finished the work already.
Aniga waan dhameyey shaqadii mar hore.
In my whole life, I have met him only once.
Nolosheyda oo dhan, aniga waxaan la kulmay isaga mar kaliya.
Now I have found the answer.
Hadda aniga waxaan helay jawaabti.
"The Past Perfect"
"The Past Perfect" waa qaabka Present Perfect oo kale, marka laga reebo had (haad) waxaa loo isticmaalaa fal gar-gaare.
Tusaale:
I had opened waan furay
you had opened waad furtay, waad furten
he had opened wuu furay
she had opened way furtay
we had opened waanu furnay
they had opened way furen
Cutubka soo socodo ayaa ku sharixi doonaa isticmalka Past Perfect.
Past Perfect wuxuu isagana na tusaayaa isticmaalka fal dhacay, fal ka hore ee la soo dhafay.
Tusaale:
He came after I had left.
Wuu yimid, aniga markaan tagay ka dib.
After I had eaten, I slept.
Ka dib markaan cunay, waan seexday.
Qaab Xaalad la Soodhafay ee Shurudeysan
Qaabka Xaalad la Soodhafay ee Shurudeysan, waxaa qaab tahay Present Perfect marka laga reebo erayada would have (wud haav) waxaa loo isticmaalaa falal gar-gaare.
Tusaale:
I would have opened
you would have opened
he would have opened
she would have opened
we would have opened
they would have opened
Mar kaliya sida loo isticmaalaayo Qaab Xaalad la Soodhafay ee Shurudeysan, waxaa fah-fahintiisa ky arki doonaa cutubka soo socoda.
Qaabab-Cod-Quman
Qaabab-Cod-Quman waa sida qaabka Perfect, marka laga reebo falka be ee laga isticmaalo fal gar-gaaraha.
Tusaale:
I am taught aniga aya bartay
you are taught adiga aya baratay, idinka aya barateen
he is taught isaga aya bartay
she is taught iyada aya baratay
we are taught anaga aya baranay
they are taught iyaga aya barteen
I was hidden anigu waan qarsanaa
you were hidden adigu waad qarsaneed, idinku wadd qarsayneen
he was hidden isagu wuu qarsanaa
she was hidden iyadu way qarsaneed
we were hidden anagu waanu qarsaneyn
they were hidden iyagu way qarsanayeen
Tusaale:
The keys were hidden by the boy.
Furayasha waxaa qariye wiilka.
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