3.1 Á¶ÇÕ³í¸®ÀÇ Á¤ÀÇ
ÀÓÀÇÀÇ ¿øÇÏ´Â ±â´ÉÀ» ½ÇÇà½ÃÅ°´Â
ȸ·ÎµéÀ» ±âº» °ÔÀÌÆ®µé·Î Á¶ÇÕ½ÃÅ°´Â ±â¼ú
°¡»ê±â, °¨»ê±â, µðÄÚ´õ,
ÀÎÄÚ´õ, ½Â»ê±â, Á¦»ê±â, µð½ºÇ÷¹ÀÌ µå¶óÀ̹ö, Å°º¸µå ÀÎÄÚ´õ
±â´ÉÀûÀ¸·Î ¸ðµÎ °ÔÀÌÆ®µé¸¸À¸·Î
ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø, Ãâ·ÂÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÔ·ÂÀ¸·Î ±ËȯÀÌ ¾ø´Â
³í¸®È¸·Î(¸Þ¸ð¸®¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏÁö
¾Ê´Â ³í¸®È¸·Î)
¢Ñ
¼ø¼È¸·Î : Çø³Ç÷ÓÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ, Áï ¸Þ¸ð¸®¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇϴ ȸ·Î
¸ðµç ÀԷº¯¼öµé {x0,
x1, . . . , xn}ÀÇ ÁýÇÕÀ» X¶ó
ÇÏ°í, ¸ðµç Ãâ·Âº¯¼öµé {y0, y1,
.
. . ,
ym}ÀÇ ÁýÇÕÀ» Y¶ó ÇÒ ¶§ Á¶ÇÕÇÔ¼ö F´Â ÀԷº¯¼ö ÁýÇÕ
X¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇؼ
Ãâ·Âº¯¼ö ÁýÇÕ.
Y = F(X)
3.1.1 Áø¸®Ç¥ º¯È¯°úÁ¤
[ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¼³°è ÀýÂ÷]
ÇØ°áÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ¹®Á¦¸¦ Á¤ÀÇ -> Áø¸®Ç¥ÀÇ ÇüÅ -> ³í¸®½Ä -> ³í¸®µµ ->³í¸®È¸·Î
[Áø¸®Ç¥ º¯È¯°úÁ¤]
1)
ÀԷº¯¼ö¿Í Ãâ·Âº¯¼ö Á¤ÀÇ.
2) °¢ º¯¼öµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¹®ÀÚ ¶Ç´Â ¼ýÀÚ±âÈ£ ÁöÁ¤.
3) Áø¸®Ç¥ÀÇ Å©±â °áÁ¤. ÀÔ·ÂÁ¶ÇÕ
2©ú = m
n : ÀԷº¯¼öµéÀÇ ¼ö
m : Á¶ÇÕµéÀÇ ¼ö
4)
ÀԷº¯¼ö Á¶ÇÕ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ðµç °æ¿ì¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â Áø¸®Ç¥ ÀÛ¼º.
5) Ãâ·ÂÀÌ ÂüÀÌ µÇµµ·Ï ÀÔ·Â Á¶ÇÕÀ» °áÁ¤.
3.1.2 ³í¸®½ÄÀ» ±¸ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý
³í¸®ÀÇ Ç¥Çö¹æ½Ä : Áø¸®Ç¥,
Logic Diagram, Boolean Equ.
[Á¤ÀÇ]
- ¹®ÀÚ : ¹®ÀÚ´Â ºÎ¿ï º¯¼öÀ̰ųª º¸¼ö¸¦ Ç¥½Ã. ¹®ÀÚ X°¡ 2Áø º¯¼öÀ̸é X'´Â
ÀÌ º¯¼öÀÇ
º¸¼ö.
- °öÇ× : °öÇ×(product term)Àº ÇÑ ¹®ÀÚ ¶Ç´Â ¿©·¯ ¹®ÀÚÀÇ ³í¸®°ö.
X, Y, Z°¡ 2Áø º¯¼öÀ̸é X, XY, X'YZ
- ÇÕÇ× : ÇÕÇ×(sum term)Àº ÇϳªÀÇ ¹®ÀÚ ¶Ç´Â ¿©·¯ ¹®ÀÚÀÇ ³í¸®ÇÕ.
X, Y, Z°¡ 2Áøº¯¼öÀ̸é X, X + Y', X + Y' + Z'
- °öÀÇ ÇÕ : °öÀÇ ÇÕ(SOP)Àº ¿©·¯ °öÇ×µéÀÇ ³í¸®ÇÕ. °¢ °öÇ×Àº 2Áø ¹®ÀÚÀÇ AND.
XY' + X' + YZ + XY'Z'
- ÇÕÀÇ °ö : ÇÕÀÇ °ö(POS)Àº ¿©·¯ ÇÕÇ×µéÀÇ ³í¸®°öÀÌ´Ù. °¢ ÇÕÇ×Àº 2Áø ¹®ÀÚÀÇ
OR.
(X + Y')(X + Y + Z')(Y' + Z')
- ÃÖ¼ÒÇ× : ÃÖ¼ÒÇ×(minterm)Àº °öÇ×ÀÇ Æ¯¼öÇÑ °æ¿ì. ÃÖ¼ÒÇ×Àº ºÎ¿ï½ÄÀ» Çü¼ºÇÏ´Â
ÀԷº¯¼ö ¸ðµÎ¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â °öÇ×.
- ÃÖ´ëÇ× : ÃÖ´ëÇ×maxterm)Àº ÇÕÇ×ÀÇ Æ¯¼öÇÑ °æ¿ì´Ù. ÃÖ´ëÇ×Àº ºÎ¿ï½ÄÀ» Çü¼ºÇÏ´Â
ÀԷº¯¼ö ¸ðµÎ¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â ÇÕÇ×.
- Á¤ÁØ °öÀÇ ÇÕ : Á¤ÁØ(canonical ïáñÞ) °öÀÇ ÇÕÀº Ãâ·Âº¯¼ö°¡ ³í¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î 1ÀÏ
¶§¸¦
Á¤ÀÇÇÏ´Â ÃÖ¼ÒÇ×ÀÇ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ÇüÅÂ. Áø¸®Ç¥¿¡¼ Ãâ·ÂÇÔ¼ö°¡ 1ÀÎ
¿(row)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¢ ÃÖ¼ÒÇ×µéÀÇ ÇÕ.
s = x'yz + xy'z + xyz : ¿¹
- Á¤ÁØ ÇÕÀÇ °ö : Á¤ÁØ ÇÕÀÇ °öÀº Ãâ·Âº¯¼ö°¡ ³í¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î 0ÀÏ ¶§¸¦ Á¤ÀÇÇÏ´Â
ÃÖ´ëÇ×ÀÇ
¿ÏÀüÇÑ ÇüÅÂ. Ãâ·ÂÀÌ 0ÀÎ Áø¸®Ç¥ÀÇ ¿ÀÇ ÃÖ´ëÇ×ÀÇ °ö.
s' = (x + y + z)(x' + y + z)(x'+ y + z') : ¿¹
Ãâ·Â½ÄÀ» Áø¸®Ç¥·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹Ù·Î ÃÖ¼ÒÇ× ¶Ç´Â ÃÖ´ëÇ×À¸·Î Ç¥ÇöµÉ¼ö ÀÖ°í, À̶§
ÀÌ Ãâ·Â½ÄÀº Á¤ÁØÇü.
3.2 Á¤ ÁØ Çü
Á¤ÁØ(ïáñÞ) : "ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ±ÔÄ¢À» µû¸¥´Ù"´Â ÀǹÌ
¢Ñ ½ºÀ§Äª ½Ä¿¡¼ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â
°¢ Ç׿¡¼ »ç¿ëµÈ ¸ðµç ÀԷº¯¼öµéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔ
¢Ñ ÃÖ¼ÒÇ×ÀÇ ÇÕ°ú ÃÖ´ëÇ×ÀÇ
°ö
(Á¤ÁØÀ¸·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº °£·«È°¡ ¾Æ´Ô)
Á¤ÁØ <--- »ó¹Ý ---> °£·«È ½Ä
¡Ü ºÎ¿ï´ë¼ö¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ Á¤ÁØÇü SOP Ç¥Çö
1.
°¢ ANDÇ׿¡¼ ¾ø¾îÁø º¯¼öµé È®ÀÎ.
2. ¾ø¾îÁø Ç×°ú ÀÌÀÇ º¸¼öÀÇ ÇÕÀ» ¿ø ANDÇ×°ú AND --> xy (z + z')
(z + z') = 1À̹ǷΠ¿ø ANDÇ×ÀÇ °ªÀº ºÒº¯.
3. ºÐ¹è¹ýÄ¢ Àû¿ë --> xyz + xyz'
¡Ü ºÎ¿ï´ë¼ö¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ Á¤ÁØÇü POS Ç¥Çö
1.
°¢ ORÇ׿¡¼ ¾ø¾îÁø º¯¼öµé È®ÀÎ.
2. ¾ø¾îÁø Ç×°ú ÀÌÀÇ º¸¼öÀÇ °öÀ» ¿ø ORÇ×°ú OR --> x + y'+ zz'
zz' = 0À̹ǷΠ¿ø ORÇ×ÀÇ °ªÀº ºÒº¯.
3. ºÐ¹è¹ýÄ¢ Àû¿ë --> (x + y'+ z)(x + y'+ z')
[¿¹Á¦ 3.5] ´ÙÀ½ ½ÄÀ» Á¤ÁØÇüÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ù¾î¶ó.
1) s = xy' + xz' + yz : (SOP)
2) s = w'x + yz' : (SOP)
3) s = (x + y')(y' + z) : (POS)
4) s = (w + x' + y)(w'
+ z) : (POS)
3.3 Áø¸®Ç¥¿¡¼ ³í¸®½ÄÀÇ »ý¼º
³í¸®½ÄÀº º¯¼ö¸íÀ̳ª ±× º¸¼öµéÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ´ë½Å¿¡ ÃÖ´ëÇ×À̳ª
ÃÖ¼ÒÇ×ÀÇ ¼öÄ¡
Ç¥ÇöÀ» »ç¿ë
Á¤ÁØ °öÀÇ ÇÕ ½Ä s =
(xy'z + xy'z'+ xyz'+ xyz + x'yz) s = ¢² (5, 4,
6, 7, 3)
5 4
6 7
3
- ¢² : Á¤ÁØÇü °öÀÇ ÇÕ(SOP)À» ÀǹÌ, °¢ ¼öµéÀº ÃÖ¼ÒÇ×.
- ¢³ : Á¤ÁØÇü ÇÕÀÇ °ö(POS)À» Ç¥½Ã
ÃÖ´ëÇ×Àº ÃÖ¼ÒÇ×ÀÇ º¸¼öÀÓ
- ÀԷº¯¼ö¸íÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ½ÄÀ»
¾²´Â °Íº¸´Ù Áø¸®Ç¥·ÎºÎÅÍ Á÷Á¢
ÃÖ´ëÇ×À̳ª
ÃÖ¼ÒÇ×ÀÇ 10Áø¼ö Ç¥Çö½ÄÀÌ Æí¸®
[¿¹Á¦ 3.6] ¾Æ·¡ Áø¸®Ç¥¿¡ ´ëÇØ Á¤ÁØ ÃÖ¼ÒÇ×°ú ÃÖ´ëÇ×À¸·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÏ¿©¶ó.
--------------
x y z s
Á¤ÁØ ÃÖ¼ÒÇ× Ç¥Çö
--------------
0 0 0 0
s = f(x, y, z) = x'y'z + xy'z' + xy'z
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 0
= ¢² (1, 4, 5)
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 1
Á¤ÁØ ÃÖ¼ÒÇ× Ç¥Çö
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 0
s = f(x, y, z) = (x + y + z)(x + y' + z)
1 1 1 0
--------------
(x + y'+ z')(x' + y' +z)
(x'+ y'+ z')
= ¢³(0, 2, 3, 6, 7)
[¿¹Á¦ 3.7]¾Æ·¡ ½ÄÀ» ÃÖ¼ÒÇ× Çü½ÄÀÇ °öÀÇ ÇÕ ½ÄÀ» ¼ýÀÚÇ¥Çö¹ý º¯È¯Ç϶ó.
a. H = f(A, B, C) = A'BC + A'B'C + ABC
1) A'BC = 0112 = 310
2) A'B'C = 0012 = 110
3) ABC = 1112 = 710
H = f(A, B, C) = (1, 3, 7)
b. G = f(w, x, y, z) = wxyz' + wx'yz' + w'xyz' + w'x'yz'
1. wxyz' = 11102 = 1410.
2. wx'yz' = 10102 = 1010.
3. w'xyz' = 01102 = 610.
4. w'x'yz'= 00102 = 210.
G = f(w, x, y, z) = (2, 6, 10, 14)
[¿¹Á¦ 3.8] ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ÇÕÀÇ °ö ½ÄÀ» ÃÖ´ëÇ×(10Áø¼ö Ç¥±â)Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³»¾î¶ó.
a. T = f(a, b, c) = (a + b'+ c)(a + b'+ c')(a'+ b'+ c)
b. J = f(A, B, C, D)
= (A + B'+ C + D)(A + B'+ C + D')(A'+ B + C + D)
(A'+ B'+ C + D)(A'+ B + C'+ D)(A'+ B'+ C'+ D)
3.4 Ä«³ë¸Ê
- ½ºÀ§Äª ½ÄÀÇ °£¼ÒÈ : Çϵå¿þ¾îÀÇ ¾çÀ» °¨¼Ò -> °£´ÜÇÑ
ÁýÀû ȸ·Î -> Àú°¡°ÝÈ
ºÎ¿ï ´ë¼ö´Â ½Ä(󸮽𣠱æ°í,
¿¡·¯°¡ ¹ß»ý)
Ä«³ë¸Ê(Karnaugh Map) ÀÌ¿ë
- Ä«³ë¸ÊÀº »ç°¢Çà·Ä(°¢ »ç°¢Çü´Â ºÎ¿ï½ÄÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÃÖ¼ÒÇ×À̳ª ÃÖ´ëÇ×À» Ç¥Çö)
- »ç°¢Çà·ÄÀº Ãâ·Â½ÄÀ» °£¼ÒÈÇϴµ¥ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¼Ò°ÅÇÒ ÀԷº¯¼ö¸¦µéÀÇ È®Àο¡ µµ¿òÀ» ÁØ´Ù.
- ÁÖ¾îÁø ½ºÀ§Äª ½ÄÀÌ ÃÖ¼ÒÇ×ÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸é »ç°¢Çü¿¡ 1À»
³Ö°í, ÃÖ´ëÇ×Àº 0À¸·Î ³Ö¾î Ç¥Çö
[2 º¯¼ö Ä«³ë¸ã]
[3 º¯¼ö Ä«³ë¸ã]
- 3°³ÀÇ 2Áøº¯¼ö´Â 8°³ÀÇ Á¶ÇÕ ---- 8°³ÀÇ »ç°¢Çü
- ÃÖ¼ÒÇ× A'B'C'(2Áø¼ö000, ½ÊÁø¼ö 0)°¡ ½ºÀ§Äª½Ä¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸é ÇØ´ç »ç°¢Çü¾È¿¡
1À» »ðÀÔ
- 3ÀԷº¯¼ö·Î ÀÎÇÑ 8°³ÀÇ ÃÖ¼ÒÇ×ÀÇ °¢°¢¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© »ç°¢ÇüÀ» ÇÒ´çÇÑ°Í
- °¢ Çà°ú ¿ÀÇ ÀÎÁ¢ »ç°¢Çü »çÀÌ¿¡¼ ´ÜÁö ÇϳªÀÇ ºñÆ®¸¸ º¯ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÁÖ½Ã
- ¼öÆò°ú ¼öÁ÷ÀûÀ¸·Î µ¿ÀÏÇÑ º¯¼öÀÇ ¼ö¸¦ °®´Â °ÍÀ» ÁÖ½Ã
[4 º¯¼ö Ä«³ë¸ã]
[¿¹Á¦ 3.9] Y = f(a, b, c) = ¢²(0, 1, 4, 5)¸¦ Ä«³ë¸ã¿¡ Ç¥ÇöÇÏ°í ´Ü¼øÈÇ϶ó. Y = b'
[¿¹Á¦ 3.10] G = f(x, y, z) = ¢²(0, 2, 3, 7)¸¦ Ä«³ë¸ã¿¡ Ç¥ÇöÇÏ°í ´Ü¼øÈÇ϶ó. G = x'z' + yz
[¿¹Á¦ 3.11] D = f(x, y, z) = ¢²(0, 2, 4, 6)¸¦ Ä«³ë¸ã¿¡ Ç¥ÇöÇÏ°í ´Ü¼øÈÇ϶ó. D = z'
[¿¹Á¦ 3.12] Q = f(a, b, c) = ¢²(1, 2, 3, 6, 7)¸¦ Ä«³ë¸ã¿¡ Ç¥ÇöÇÏ°í ´Ü¼øÈÇ϶ó. Q = b + a'c
[¿¹Á¦ 3.13] J = f(x, y, z) = ¢²(0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7)¸¦ Ä«³ë¸ã¿¡ Ç¥ÇöÇÏ°í ´Ü¼øÈÇ϶ó.
J = x'z'+ xy'+ yz or J = y'z'+ x'y + xz
[¿¹Á¦ 3.14] ´ÙÀ½À» Ä«³ë¸ã¿¡ Ç¥ÇöÇÏ°í ´Ü¼øÈÇ϶ó.
K = f(w, x, y, z) = ¢²(0, 1, 4, 5, 9, 11, 13, 15) --> K = w'y'+ wz
L = f(a, b, c, d) = ¢²(0, 2, 5, 7, 8, 10, 13, 15) --> L = b'd'+ bd
P = f(r, s, t, u) = ¢²(1, 3, 4, 6, 9, 11, 12, 14) --> P = s'u + su'
D = f(w, x, y, z) = ¢²(5, 7, 8, 9, 13) --> D = w'xz + wx'y + xy'z
Q = f(a, b, c, d) = ¢²(0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14) --> Q = c'+ bd' + a'd'
S = f(a, b, c, d) = ¢²(1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 15) --> S = a'd +
cd + a'bc'+ ab'c'