There are 4 species of penguin that breed on the Antarctic continent, the Adelie, Chinstrap, Emperor and the Gentoo. Penguins are flightless birds with torpedo-shaped bodies, varying in size. Although they are unable to fly, they are very good swimmers with their stiff paddle-like flippers. They are able to withstand the severe cold due to their short, densely feathered waterproof coat. Beneath this coat is a thick layer of blubber which insulates as well as doubles up as an energy store. Penguins are very curious creatures, often coming up close to people without much fear. Their body shapes make them clumsy on land, so that they can only waddle about hurriedly. A group of penguins can cause considerable uproar with their constant bickering and clamorous yelps and shrieks. What also marks them out from the seemingly static Antarctic environment is their distinct smell, which is not altogether pleasant.

click here to see an Emperor penguin family!