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Mining
Profile
Today Tanzania is among the countries which host the most vibrant exploration and mining scene in Africa. It is the fastest growing sector in Tanzania in terms of its contribution to GDP and its share of exports. The value of mineral exports increased from US$ 54.10 million in 1996 to US$ 185 million in 2000. It is projected that exports will exceed US$ 300 m at the end of 2001. Tanzania is set to become the continent’s third largest gold producer after South Africa and Ghana. At present it has a production capacity of 1 million oz/year, chiefly from three mines; Geita Gold Mine, a joint venture between South Africa’s Anglogold and Ashanti of Ghana with an annual output of 500,000 oz, and Golden Pride mine, owned by Australian firm Resolute, producing 200,000 oz/year. Canada based Barrick Gold Corporation commenced production in March 2001 at Bulyanhulu Gold Mine with projected annual gold production of 400,000 oz/year. This is the first post independence underground mine in Tanzania.
Tanzania has a wide variety of minerals such as diamonds, gold, base metals, gemstones and industrial minerals.
The sector received a big push since early 1990s following the major economic reforms towards market oriented economy. The formulation of the Mineral Policy in 1997 and enactment of a new Mining Act of 1998, which repealed the Mining Act of 1979, had remarkable impact on increase in investments in the sector. As a result of the regulatory and policy reforms, 321 large scale prospecting licences were granted in 1998 compared to only 100 in 1995. 13 and 11 mining licences were granted for 1997 and 1998 respectively compared to only 5 in 1996. At the present moment 82 mining licences and over 1500 prospecting licences have been issued.
The sector has attracted substantial new foreign investment in recent years to the extent that by mid 2001, investments made in mineral development exploration reached US$ 1bn. Todate the country remained highly prospective and under explored. Two out of three already developed gold mines are owned by the two world largest gold producers i.e. Anglo Gold Ltd and Barrick Corporation
A total of 41.0mn ounces of gold have been defined by mid 2001
Tanzania Metallogenic Map
Opportunities
Mineralisation in Tanzania falls into the following major geological groupings: -
Gold occurrences in the Archaean greenstone belts and banded iron formations in the Southern and Eastern parts of Lake Victoria;
Gold and base metals occurrences in the Proterozoic Ubendian system in Western Tanzania;
Nickel, cobalt, copper, tin and tungsten-bearing rock formations in the Karagwe – Ankolean system of Northwest Tanzania;
Major gemstone occurrences in the Proterozoic Usagaran and Ubendian geological systems;
Carbonatites associated with the Rift Valley system;
Iron ore hosted by anorthositic intrusives in the Proterozoic Ubendian system;
Coal resources found in the Karroo system;
Evaporites deposited in the Rift Valley and younger rock formations along the coastal belt; and
A variety of industrial minerals such as kaolin, mica, phosphate, magnesite, beach sands and diatomites embedded in different rock formations
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