Cloning

The technique of nuclear transfer is using in the process of cloning. Cloning is the process of asexually producing a group of cells (clones), all genetically identical, from a single ancestor. In recombinant DNA technology, the use of DNA manipulation procedures to produce multiple copies of a single gene or segment of DNA is referred to as cloning DNA.

The History of Cloning:

The first attempts at artificial cloning were as early as the beginning of this century. Adolph Eduard Driesch could let the eggs of a sea urchin develop into the two-blastomere stage. Then he separated it by shaking it in a flask and allowing them to grow. The cells developed into dwarf sea urchins. Driesch could not explain his experiments and gave up embryology for philosophy. The first implantation of a nucleus into an egg cell occurred in 1952 by Robert Briggs and Thomas J. King in Philadelphia. They had transferred the nuclei of Leopard Frogs' eggs. The egg cells did not develop. Successful nuclear transfer of embryo cells was accomplished later in the 1970's by Dr. John Gurdon. The frogs did not develop beyond tadpoles however.

There are different kind of uses of cloning, for example, human cloning, animal cloning, and plant cloning, let's see them one by one.

Animal Cloning Plant Cloning