This a concept that has really come into it's own with the
advent of software like PhotoShop and Paint Shop Pro.
The idea is to take a pre-existing photograph, digitize it
via scanner, digital camera or other means, and alter it in a realistic or
unusual way. The results can be as subtle as an image of two people together who
have never met in reality, or as fantastic as creating a realistic image of a superhero or
heroine in costume.
The required materials are relative few.
- a computer (duh)
- a software program that allows manipulation (the above
mentioned PhotoShop and Paint Shop Pro are excellent, as is CorelDraw.)
- An alterable image.
Keep in mind that time, patience, and Talent are
needed to do an adequate job. This is an art form, not a programming exercise.