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Format and Layout of Paper
Font
(13.27) The required font is Times New Roman, size 12 point. Ornamental typefaces, including script, should never be used for papers.
Note: Colorado Technical University requires students to underline, instead of italicize, titles of books, pamphlets bulletins, periodicals (magazines, journals, newspapers, and any other work that has been published) (see 4.14, 4.16). Never use both italics and underlining in the same paper. Thus, substitute underlining for anything italicized in Turabian.
Margins
(14.2) Leave a margin of 1" on all four edges (top, bottom, left, and right) of the page. The left margin is to be set at 1.5" only if the paper is going to be professionally bound as in capstone projects.
Note: Staple the pages of the paper with a single staple in the upper left-hand corner (ensuring that both ends of the staple penetrate all pages and fold over uniformly). DO NOT put any papers in a folder or a binder or use multiple staples along the left edge of the paper.
(3.37) Right margins should be uneven or ragged (i.e., left justified or aligned) (see 13.11 and 13.16).
Headers and Footers
(14.8) Headers and footers are used as the insertion point for page numbers. Headers and footers should be set at 1" from the top and the bottom margins of the paper. Pages with 2" top margins require that the page number be placed in the footer. Pages with 1" top margins require that the page number be placed in the header. All page numbers for the front matter (everything before the body text of the paper) are located in the footers regardless of the width of the top margin.
Page Dimensions
(13.35) Normal page dimensions are 8 ½-by-11 (see 13.16).
Note: As capstone projects will be hard bound, 25% rag white paper is required for final drafts.
Paragraph Indentation
(14.4) The critical rule for paragraph indention is consistency. All paragraphs should be indented 0.05" from the left margin except for block quotations (see 5.30).
Text Spacing
(14.5) The text should be double-spaced except for block quotations, numbered lists, bulleted lists, captions, and long headings, which should be single-spaced with a blank line between items.
Pagination
(14.6) Every page of the paper, including blank pages, must be assigned a page number. Although counted in the pagination, the number should not appear on the title page or on other display pages such as the copyright or dedication page.
(14.7) Number preliminary pages (front matter) with lowercase roman numerals (ii, iii, iv, etc.) centered in the footer on the page. The title page counts as page i.
(14.8) Number the remaining parts of the paper with arabic numerals. The pagination of the body of the paper begins with arabic numeral 1 and runs consecutively to the end of the paper. On pages with 1" top margins the page numbers are centered in the header, 1" from the top edge of the page. On pages with 2" top margins (pages with major headings such as the first page of body text, the first page of a chapter, and the works cited) the page numbers are centered in the footer, 1" from the bottom edge of the page.
Chapter Headings and Other Major Headings
(14.10) Headings for major sections of the paper (such as INTRODUCTION, CHAPTER 1, WORKS CITED) begin 2" from the top edge of the paper. They are centered and typed in all capital letters. Long headings may need to be set in two or more lines, single-spaced and all centered. No punctuation should be used at the end of chapter headings or major headings (see 1.37, 3.58, and 8.39). Chapter headings all start on a new page. One blank line space immediate follows a chapter heading or a major heading. In research papers the conclusion is considered a major heading (CONCLUSION); however, it is not placed on a page by itself. The conclusion heading is preceded by two blank line spaces and followed by one blank line space.
(14.11) Two blank line spaces precede a subheading if it follows text and three blank line spaces precede a subheading if it follows either a table or an illustration. One blank line space immediately follows a subheading. Run-in paragraph subheadings should be bold typeface, followed by a period, and do not have a blank line space beneath them; with all other subheadings, omit punctuation at the ends of the lines (see 1.37, 3.58, and 8.39). A centered subheading of more than 48 characters should be divided into two or more single-spaced lines and arranged in an inverted pyramid. A sideheading of more than half a line should be divided more or less evenly into two or more single-spaced lines, with runovers beginning at the left margin (see 1.2, 1.14, and 14.20).
(14.12) All major headings and subheadings must be immediately followed by at least two lines of text. A heading or a subheading may not appear at the bottom of the page by itself (known as a widow or an orphan) (see 1.38 and 13.11).
Capitalization of Headings and Subheadings (in the table of contents and the body text of the paper)
(1.16) For the titles of all major division of the paper (abstract, contents, list of illustrations, list of tables, list of abbreviations, glossary, introduction, chapter titles with numbers, conclusion, appendix, and reference list (RL)-works cited) use all capital letters. For subheadings, use headline style capitalization (i.e., capitalize the initial letter of all of the words except articles, prepositions, and coordinate conjunctions (see 4.6 - 4.8). For lower level subheadings, use sentence style capitalization (i.e., capitalize only the initial letter of the subheading and any proper nouns or proper adjectives (see 4.9).
Section and Subsection (using subheadings)
(1.37) Papers are to be divided into sections, which may in turn be divided into subsections, then into sub-sections, and so on. Such divisions are given titles called subheadings, which are differentiated typographically and designated first-, second-, and third-level subheadings, etc. The first-level subheading should have greater attention value than the lower level subheadings. Centered headings and subheadings should have more attention value than sideheadings and run-in subheadings. A suggested plan for five levels of subheadings follows:
First level: centered subheading in bold typeface and capitalized headline style:
Traditional Controversy between Medieval Church and State
Second level: centered subheading typed in regular typeface and capitalized headline style:
Reappearance of Religious Legalism
Third level: sidehead (flush with the left margin) typed in bold typeface and capitalized headline style:
Legalism and the Poets
Fourth level: sidehead (flush with the left margin) typed in regular typeface and capitalized sentence style:
The gospel as it is related to poetry
Fifth level: run-in subheading at the beginning of the paragraph in bold typeface and capitalized sentence style with a period at the end:
The gospel legalized in the church. The gospel that states . . .
(1.38) If fewer than five levels of subheadings are required, the style of these levels may be selected in any descending order. In general, for short papers, use first- and third-level subheadings.
Appendices
(1.39) An appendix, though by no means an essential part of every paper, is a useful device to make available material that is relevant to the text but not suitable for inclusion within the text. An appendix is a group of related items. Appendices, for example, may contain tables too detailed for text presentation, a large group of illustrations, technical notes, etc.
(1.40) All appendices go at the end of a paper, not at the end of sections or chapters.
(1.41) Materials of different categories should be placed in separate appendices. When there is more than one appendix, each is given a number or a letter (APPENDIX 1, etc.; APPENDIX ONE, etc.; APPENDIX A, etc.), which appears on its own title page immediately preceding the appendix contents. Appendix title pages do not contain a page number, but they are counted in the pagination of the paper.
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