"The
drops of rain make a hole in the stone not by violence but by oft falling."
-- Lucretius
The
State of Uttar Pradesh is situated in northern part of India and is surrounded
by Tibet & Nepal in the North, Madhya Pradesh in the South, Haryana,
Delhi & Rajasthan in the West and Bihar in the East.
The State has three distinct physical divisions- the Himalayan region in
the north, the Gangetic plain in the middle and the Vindhyachal hill and
plateau in the south.
The climate of the State varies from place to place. Although Uttar Pradesh
lies within the warm temperate climate zone, there is great variation in
climate depending upon the height of different places above the sea-level.
The rainfall in Uttar Pradesh is orographic in nature; it is caused by
the obstruction of the high mountain wall in the north to the monsoon.
The rainfall decreases from north to south and from east to west.
The Ganga and the Yamuna are the major rivers of the State. Their flow
is determined by the Himalayas in the north and Vindhyas in the south.
The soil of the State is classified into three categories- forest and hill
soil, alluvial soil and mixed red and black soil.
The geographical area of Uttar Pradesh, which is the border and vast State
of India, is 2,94,411 sq. kilometers constituting 8.9 per cent of country's
total geographical area.
The total population of Uttar Pradesh at the 1991 census was 13,91,12,287
out of which 7,40,36,957 were males and 6,50,75,330 females. Rural component
of the State's population was 11,15,06,372 or 80.16 per cent as against
urban component of 2,76,05,915 or 19.84 per cent.
The literacy rate in the State works out to be 41.60 per cent. The percentage
of literacy in rural areas is 36.66 against literacy percentage of 61 in
urban area. Viewed sex-wise in rural and urban areas, the rate of literacy
among males (50.05 per cent) the rural areas is more than double the rate
of literacy among females (19.02 per cent).
The plains of Uttar Pradesh have been very rich in natural vegetation,
which has, however, diminished due to wide-ranging needs of the people.
Only a few patches of natural forests are now found scattered here and
there in the plains, while such forests are extensively found on a very
large level in sub-mountain and mountain regions.
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