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       Medical Microbiology

²      Gram positive

§         Can be Streptococcus

§         Frequently is MRSA or MRSE

²      Gram negative

§         Can be any of the SPACE organisms

§         Can be any of these selected Enterobacteriaceae;

           E. coli, Proteus, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens, Providencia, Citrobacter, Morganella

§         Frequently is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter spp.

       Risk Factors for HAP

·         Interventions                   

²      IV lines + TPN

²      ET tube

²      Chest tube

²      NG tube

²      Surgery or wounds

²      Supine position

·         Medications

²      Sedatives

²      Antibiotics

²      Corticosteroids

²      SUP

·         Patient Related

²      HF, DM, HIV, Coma, Malnutrition, ALD, COPD, Organ Failure (respiratory, renal, liver, cardiovascular)

·         Infection Control

²      Hand washing

²      Equipment cleaning

²      IV lines and IV changes

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