Fórum d'idees.
[Principal] [Qui sóc?] [Fotos i còmics] [Pàgines favorites]  

[Apunts de Medicina] [Fórum d'idees]

 

Debatre és desenvolupar la teua capacitat crítica, la qual cosa et durà grans beneficis a l'hora de veure-te-les amb el món. Ací et propose diversos articles que aniran canviant. Per a opinar, escriu-me a [email protected] i jo penjaré la teua opinió íntegra en aquesta pàgina.

Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Shut Down
by NY Times 7:53am Fri Dec 15 '00

 

Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Shut Down
December 15, 2000


Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Shut Down


By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS


Filed at 8:28 a.m. ET

KIEV, Ukraine (AP) -- Operators shut down the Chernobyl nuclear power plant with the flip of a switch Friday, closing the facility for good 14 years after it spawned the world's worst nuclear accident.

The simple procedure ended the long, troubled run of a facility that became a synonym for nuclear fears and the dangers of atomic power.

Ukraine President Leonid Kuchma gave the shutdown order from Kiev over a video linkup with the plant, located some 85 miles away. ``To fulfill the state decision and Ukraine's international obligations, I hereby order to start work for the premature stoppage of the operation of reactor No. 3 at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant,'' Kuchma said.

At 1:16 p.m., Chernobyl shift chief Oleksandr Yelchishchev turned the black AZ switch, activating the automatic safety system of the plant's only working reactor and sending containment rods sliding into the reactor core.

Within seconds, a dial showed the reactor's output dropping to zero. The procedure went flawlessly, the plant reported.

The shutdown, which followed years of intense international pressure, should erase the danger of future accidents at the plant. Yet Ukraine will suffer the effects of the 1986 Chernobyl accident for years to come: Millions of its citizens are affected by radiation-related ailments.

The leaders of this former Soviet republic said they were undertaking a historic mission in closing down the last functioning reactor at Chernobyl.

``The world will become a safer place. People will sleep in peace,'' Kuchma said Thursday during a ceremony to commemorate the shutdown.

The plant's last reactor, the one shut down Friday, was reactor No. 3. It is located in the same building as reactor No. 4, which exploded and caught fire on April 26, 1986, contaminating vast areas of Ukraine, Russia and Belarus and spewing a radioactive cloud over Europe.

The Kremlin tried to conceal the accident and delayed evacuation of people from nearby towns for days. Firefighters and other workers who were the first at the destroyed reactor had little or no protection from radiation.

Those moves only added to the death toll: More than 4,000 cleanup workers have died since and 70,000 have been disabled by radiation in Ukraine alone. About 3.4 million of Ukraine's 50 million people, including some 1.26 million children, are considered affected by Chernobyl.

``Chernobyl was a complex page of our history, in which there was much heroism and a lot of unique deeds,'' said Prime Minister Viktor Yushchenko.

Since the accident, the plant has experienced numerous malfunctions. Many Ukrainians, tired of living with radiation scares, were relieved at its closure.

For others, though, the shutdown means lost electricity and lost jobs.

Kuchma, who on Thursday toured the ill-fated plant and tidy Slavutych, the town where Chernobyl workers live, was confronted by dozens of gloomy protesters wearing black armbands. Thousands from among the plant's 6,000 workers will be laid off.

``I have not seen anything better than this,'' Yevhen Laptsov, a Chernobyl electrician who lives in Slavutych, said of his town. ``I have two small children and we all live in this beautiful town. I'm very much afraid of the closure.''

For years, energy-strapped Ukraine faced pressure from environmental groups and foreign leaders to close Chernobyl. But it refused to do so, citing the electricity the plant provided and demanding foreign aid in return. Kuchma finally pledged to shut down Chernobyl during a visit by President Clinton earlier this year.

``This decision came from our experience of suffering,'' Kuchma said. ``We understand that Chernobyl is a danger for all of humanity and we forsake a part of our national interests for the sake of global safety.''

The European Commission has approved a $585 million loan to help Ukraine build two new reactors to make up for Chernobyl's electricity. The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development is to chip in another $215 million.

Despite the closure, much remains to be done at Chernobyl.

Ukraine plans to construct a new casing for the mammoth concrete and steel sarcophagus covering the ruined reactor No. 4. There is no decision yet on what to do with the tons of radioactive dust and nuclear fuel still inside, and work on making the structure environmentally safe will take decades.

It also will take years to unload nuclear fuel from the three other Chernobyl reactors.

``We shall continue to bear this,'' a weary Kuchma said Thursday in Slavutych. ``This is our fate.''

Copyright 2000 The New York Times Company
Fuente: www.indymedia.org
Jesus and Socialism AND/OR Nietzsche and Socialism
by Emile 1:40pm Thu Dec 21 '00

 

Are the teachings of Jesus and Marx compatible? Part of a continuing debate.

The original post which provoked this debate can be read at:

http://www.indymedia.org/display.php3?article_id=15187


Some questions and comments:

You wrote:

“ . . . it is a travesty to even attempt to draw parallels between Marx and Jesus.”

No one wishes to argue that Marxian thought and Jesus’ thought are identical. But there are common features. Are not SOME Christians and some Socialists united in their desire for social justice, and their desire to see an end to capitalist exploitation. You do not address this point.

“Jesus could not possibly be an "anticapitalist": capitalism per se did not exist in Roman”

Jesus was against exploitation. The concrete historical manifestation of exploitation, whether it was exploitation of plebeians by patricians, serfs by feudal lords, slaves by masters, or workers by capitalists, is subsumed by the broad categories of exploiter and exploited. Jesus and Marx both favored the poor.

“However, the antimercantilism propounded by Jesus is in large measure the basis of anti Semitism, with the woeful results we all live in the shadow of.”

Can you prove this? To say that Jesus is responsible for anti-semitism, or even that his ideology was “in large measure” the basis of anti Semitism, is to distort history. There is nothing in Jesus’ teachings which can legitimately used to justify systems of oppressions. If you believe that, can you produce a quote by Jesus himself that can be used to sustain your view? Is it not as absurd to blame Jesus for 20th century anti-semitic atrocities as it would be to blame Marx for the atrocities of Stalinism, or to blame Nietzsche for the excesses of Hitler?


“Marx was absolutely scathing in the attempt to link socialism with christianity.”

Yes, I agree. With “Christianity,” by which I assume you mean the doctrine used by the Catholics and other organized right-wing groups to oppress and control the “lower orders.” Can you not see the difference between Catholic dogmas and the teachings of Jesus Christ himself? Are you not conflating the two? Go back and read the words of Guadalupe Carney, and tell me whether THOSE WORDS are inconsistent with socialism, and if so why? The Liberation Theologians cannot be identified with the garden variety dogmatic “Christian” who existed in Marx’s and Nietszche’s time.

Marx and Engels spoke well of early Christianity. Nietzsche spoke well of Christ (his “Anti-Christ” conception was directed against Christian dogma, hierarchy, and life-negating properties. But was he against against Jesus Christ, per se. This is debatable.)

“In such works as ZARATHUSTRA, ANTICHRIST and DAYBREAK he
exposes the tenets of nazarene philosophy as fundamentally corrupt.”

Who is talking about “Nazarene Philosophy”? We should address the specifics of Liberation Theology, and the teachings of Jesus himself. What do you make of the observation:

<<It seems to me that the saying of Marx that “each one should give according to his capacity, and each one should receive according to his need” (which was the same as the system of the first Christians described in Acts 2;42-47) is another way of saying with Jesus, “Love your neighbor as yourself.” >>

Address the specifics, please.

<<Christians are not revolutionary . . .”

Some are, some are not. Were not the Sandinistas revolutionary? Was not Sandino himself, who died fighting U.S. imperialism, a revolutionary. Yet he was a Christian, not in the dogmatic sense, or orthodox sense. I think the generalizations you make are true about most orthodox Christians. But it does not make sense to generalize so broadly about ALL Christians.

<<they inveigled their way into the Roman empire, contributed to its collapse and brought about a Dark Age.>>

The greatest strength of Rome originally lay in its Republican institutions, its dedication to ---what was in that day--- an extremely progressive form of representation, involving a Senate, and even a Tribunate to represent the working class. The Republic which had endured for five hundred years, since about 550 B.C., was destroyed with the rise of dictators such as Sulla, and Julius Caesar. The Roman Republic was destroyed by extreme moral and political corruption, and many other ills, all of which arose before Christianity even came to prominence.

If you read Sutonius and other Roman historians the reigns of Caligula, Nero, Commodius, and many other “Caesars”, you will discover that the corruption lay in the Roman system itself, as it degenerated, long before Christianity was even known by most Romans. And when Constantine became the first “Christian Emperor,” what had the word “Christian” come to mean? Did it have anything to do with the teachings of Jesus Christ? I would say, NO. Instead of being an energizing religion, which incites people to struggle against injustice and hypocrisy, it had devolved into an ideological tool of the state.

“We are opposed to this inferior philosophy, with its collectivism and capitulationist tendencies.”

Who does “we” refer to? And what philosophy are you talking about? Liberation theology does not believe in “collectivism”, by which I assume you mean Stalinist style collectivism. Jesus, and Liberation theologians advocated (along with many anarcho-syndicalists) a philosophy of COOPERATIVISM, which entails the voluntary pooling of spiritual and material resources to oppose oppression. Cooperativists wish to bring people together to create a new society which does not foster a herd mentality, but inspires people to share and work together for the common good AS DECIDED BY WILLING PARTICIPANTS. It is the philosophy of many of the founders of Independent Media Centers.

Nor is Jesus philosophy capitulationist. As practiced by the likes of Gandhi and Martin Luther King, the teachings of Jesus are extremely activist---they involve decisive NON-COOPERATION with evil, but cooperation with the progressive forces, to destroy the oppressive structures of society.

You quoted Nietzsche as saying,

“What does a good shepherd do ? Tend his flock, sure, but only to take their wool, sell them on the market or eat them. Beware the good shepherd!”

Nietzsche gave us many wise maxims. But there is an essential contradiction in his thought, which needs addressing. He advises us to beware the good shepherd. Yet he praises men like Napoleon and Julius Caesar, who have fleeced the masses and caused more destruction than most other historical figures. Does Nietzsche even care about the “flock”? He seems to want to fleece them himself at times.

I have read all the works you mentioned, and many more besides written by Nietzsche. He is good at bashing the hypocrisy in the organized religion, at deconstructing dogmas, and forcing people to think and reflect. But he is a nihilist himself (in spite of protests to the contrary), and does not offer any positive value except a “Will to Power”. What about a will to truth, or a will to justice? These are alien concepts to Nietzsche, and this is why his thought is of very limited value to the left.


Emile


 
?
by bazarov 1:52pm Thu Dec 21 '00

 

Why can't we link Marx to Stalin...Marx knew about the adaptation of marxism to Russia and eventually Marxism/Leninism...he should have known that left thought would have led to the same conclusion that right thought would have and that Marxism is not practical because power is the perversion that ruins any sytem. As for the comparisons between Marxists and Christians it is a bad analogy becasue of the amount of people involved. The population of Marxists in this world are probably 1 percent compared to the number of Christians, so generalizing Christian thought is to assume that all Christians think the same, which we obviously know as false.


 
Stalinism and Marx; Christians and Marx
by Emile 2:32pm Thu Dec 21 '00

 



<<Why can't we link Marx to Stalin...Marx knew about the adaptation of marxism to Russia and eventually Marxism/Leninism...>>

Are you suggesting that Marx had detailed knowledge of how “Marxism” was developing in Russia during his lifetime? And are you saying that he knew about “Marxism-Leninism” (which did not even come into being until well after his death)? And are you saying that if he did know about detailed developments of Russian “Marxism”, that he was responsible for the abuses of those who developed a Leninist doctrine after 1922, namely, Stalin? Such a line of reasoning requires several leaps, I think. As far as Russian socialism goes, Marx did comment in one letter that the Russians were bound to spoil socialism, as they had so badly spoiled so many other social systems. These remarks were censored in the official compilation of Marx’s works published in the USSR. Also, Plekhanov, the founder of Russian Marxism, opposed Leninism, and felt Lenin’s vanguardist, extreme views would do more damage to Russia than to help it.

<<As for the comparisons between Marxists and Christians it is a bad analogy because of the amount of people involved. The population of Marxists in this world are probably 1 percent compared to the number of Christians, so generalizing Christian thought is to assume that all Christians think the same, which we obviously know as false. >>

I was not claiming that “all Christians” think the same way. In fact, I agree with you that they do not. My point is that left-Christians have a great deal in common with socialists and Marxists, enough to be enable them to forge strong bonds, as occurred between the Sandinistas and communists in Nicaragua, and between the socialists and many Christians in Allende era Chile (1970-72) and among large numbers of religionists and Marxists in the world, and especially in Latin America.


 
Fuck conservativism
by Angry Samoan 11:01pm Thu Dec 21 '00

 

seems funny that everyone seems to forget about sexism and homophobia in christianity.


 
Marxism doesn't work because it doesn't work
by Novo Sviet 2:54am Fri Dec 22 '00

 

I grew up under communism. I am Russian. My father was a Russian diplomat in Cuba, cammunism didn't work there either. It's like trying to roll a wagon on square wheels. It fundamentally fails to realize the mechanisms of capital and how they operate in the real world. It also makes erroneous assumptions about human nature. In order for it to 'work' a police state must be implimented.

What does work in these communist states is a system of corruption, state gangsterism, which was the only mechanism that really worked. This is true in Russia, Cuba and China, don't be fooled. Every time you give the state some control over a factor in your life, you give something up in return. It is a simple law with devestating penalties.

The founders of the American Republic were realists who didn't trust the state, the rule of the majority or themselves, because they knew the corrupt nature of human greed. The US Constitution, as it was originally written, is the greatest political document in history. Thomas Jefferson was a great man.
Marx, on the other hand, was a bitter idealist, who never held a real job in his life, lived off his wife jenny and just wanted to get back at the world. He did. Whereever Communism has ruled, the earth is filled wih secret graves. There is an old Soviet saying, that you can't step 10 feet in Yekaterinburg without stepping on someone's grave. This is nearly literally true: recent developement in Yekaterinburg is constantly unearthing the bones of disappeared Russians. It is estimated that over 50 million of us were killed by our government. How many in the US were secretly killed by theirs? Not so many by comparison I think.

By the way there is no such thing as "capitalism." This was a term coined by Marx to give him an idea to create an antithesis to. Historically there was never such a philosophy, any books purporting ot espouse this philosophy are of recent origin.

a liberated PycckN


 
will to powder is what they have in common
by piet 4:01am Fri Dec 22 '00

 

Jesus rode a cross into hell (traditionally believed to be beneath the earth's surface right?
He went there to conquer, free and get something right?
He might have been served with a musical rockgrinder instead of the cross he got no?

Nietzsche saw very well that Jesus was an indymedia freak but he couldn't get down low enough to grasp the more fundamental layers of his motivation and understanding. He was alienated unto his nihilistic 'wild cardness'.



 
Most refreshing post!
by SunValleyAmigo 2:16pm Fri Dec 22 '00

 

Novo has provided the most refreshing post I have seen on this forum. Communism will always fail, because it fails to take into account the human nature. There wull always be individuals who are willing to do whatever it takes, in order to get ahead of their neighbors/fellow citizens. Weither it be through honest hard work and effort, or by dishonest means; some people simply want more out of life. The idea that EVERYONE can be satisfied by accepting ONLY their share, is simply ludicrious!
And just as Novo stated, every example of communism/socialism in action, has shown the needs of these gov'ts to take away more rights, and install more rules; that more often then not, only apply to the general population. But not the privleged few in power. There is nothing in the history of the U.S. can truly compare to mistakes made by communist gov'ts in the past AND right now. Yes, the U.S. has plenty of skeletons, and black marks in our history. Some of these were out of ignorance, or unintentinal, and some were done with the follow knowledge of the concequences to follow. And these are mistakes that tarnish all Americans. And yes that includes those who choose to not consider themselves Americans. You live here, you work here. And the rights you have and exercise, are because you live in this country. You already know what the concequences are of protesting in many other countries. No matter what you think, it could be worse.
Changes do need to be made, in order to make the whole world better. But using out-dated, and experimental idiologys (yes communism was a 75 year experiment, and it FAILED) will not work.
Instead of revolution, try evolution. Adapt what we have, using the positive aspects, and incorperating new, and also positive changes.
I often wonder how many of the so-called activists who post here, have had the opportunity to visit, and live in countries where the citizens are TRULY oppressed. And yea, I know you want to blame the U.S. on their problems too. But Hey, most of these places don't need our help to go downhill. Try shifting back some of that blame back-on to the leaders who are making the decisions in some of these cesspools.

Good work Novo!


 
reply reply reply to emile
by "zara thustra" 7:24am Sat Dec 23 '00

 

I am genuinely flattered that you made such a detailed critique of my hastily written item. This kind of measured response is a strength of the IMC.
Please note that I did not quote Nietzsche on the "Good Shepherd". That was my own observation in his spirit.
I maintain that christianity is outmoded, and represented a philosophical step back even in its own day, esp when viewed in the light of say, DEMOCRITUS, LEUKIPPUS, or ARISTOTLE.
Does it require deep insight to see that a modern liberation movement must be rational in its outlook, not based on a death cult ? Nietzsche was not a socialist, nor in fact a total atheist. What i think i have identified is that Nietszche and Marx approach the same crisis of western society , but Nietszche does so from a standpoint of UTOPIAN INDIVIDUALISM. By contrast, Marx the philosopher of atheist communism( please dont claim he was anything else but) attempts to build on the class conflict theories developed during the struggles of the 18th and 19th century. He was no simple collectivist like Proudhon. There are many kinds of collectivism, most of them are ANTIsocialist, and Marx knew it,

For Nietzsche, Antichrist !


 

Fuente: www.indymedia.org