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grans beneficis a l'hora de veure-te-les amb el món. Ací et propose diversos
articles que aniran canviant. Per a opinar, escriu-me a [email protected]
i jo penjaré
la teua opinió íntegra en aquesta pàgina.
Chernobyl
Nuclear Power Plant Shut Down
by NY Times 7:53am Fri Dec 15 '00 |
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Chernobyl Nuclear
Power Plant Shut Down
December 15, 2000
Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Shut Down
By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
Filed at 8:28 a.m. ET
KIEV, Ukraine (AP) -- Operators shut down the Chernobyl nuclear power
plant with the flip of a switch Friday, closing the facility for good 14
years after it spawned the world's worst nuclear accident.
The simple procedure ended the long, troubled run of a facility that
became a synonym for nuclear fears and the dangers of atomic power.
Ukraine President Leonid Kuchma gave the shutdown order from Kiev over a
video linkup with the plant, located some 85 miles away. ``To fulfill
the state decision and Ukraine's international obligations, I hereby
order to start work for the premature stoppage of the operation of
reactor No. 3 at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant,'' Kuchma said.
At 1:16 p.m., Chernobyl shift chief Oleksandr Yelchishchev turned the
black AZ switch, activating the automatic safety system of the plant's
only working reactor and sending containment rods sliding into the
reactor core.
Within seconds, a dial showed the reactor's output dropping to zero. The
procedure went flawlessly, the plant reported.
The shutdown, which followed years of intense international pressure,
should erase the danger of future accidents at the plant. Yet Ukraine
will suffer the effects of the 1986 Chernobyl accident for years to
come: Millions of its citizens are affected by radiation-related
ailments.
The leaders of this former Soviet republic said they were undertaking a
historic mission in closing down the last functioning reactor at
Chernobyl.
``The world will become a safer place. People will sleep in peace,''
Kuchma said Thursday during a ceremony to commemorate the shutdown.
The plant's last reactor, the one shut down Friday, was reactor No. 3.
It is located in the same building as reactor No. 4, which exploded and
caught fire on April 26, 1986, contaminating vast areas of Ukraine,
Russia and Belarus and spewing a radioactive cloud over Europe.
The Kremlin tried to conceal the accident and delayed evacuation of
people from nearby towns for days. Firefighters and other workers who
were the first at the destroyed reactor had little or no protection from
radiation.
Those moves only added to the death toll: More than 4,000 cleanup
workers have died since and 70,000 have been disabled by radiation in
Ukraine alone. About 3.4 million of Ukraine's 50 million people,
including some 1.26 million children, are considered affected by
Chernobyl.
``Chernobyl was a complex page of our history, in which there was much
heroism and a lot of unique deeds,'' said Prime Minister Viktor
Yushchenko.
Since the accident, the plant has experienced numerous malfunctions.
Many Ukrainians, tired of living with radiation scares, were relieved at
its closure.
For others, though, the shutdown means lost electricity and lost jobs.
Kuchma, who on Thursday toured the ill-fated plant and tidy Slavutych,
the town where Chernobyl workers live, was confronted by dozens of
gloomy protesters wearing black armbands. Thousands from among the
plant's 6,000 workers will be laid off.
``I have not seen anything better than this,'' Yevhen Laptsov, a
Chernobyl electrician who lives in Slavutych, said of his town. ``I have
two small children and we all live in this beautiful town. I'm very much
afraid of the closure.''
For years, energy-strapped Ukraine faced pressure from environmental
groups and foreign leaders to close Chernobyl. But it refused to do so,
citing the electricity the plant provided and demanding foreign aid in
return. Kuchma finally pledged to shut down Chernobyl during a visit by
President Clinton earlier this year.
``This decision came from our experience of suffering,'' Kuchma said. ``We
understand that Chernobyl is a danger for all of humanity and we forsake
a part of our national interests for the sake of global safety.''
The European Commission has approved a $585 million loan to help Ukraine
build two new reactors to make up for Chernobyl's electricity. The
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development is to chip in another
$215 million.
Despite the closure, much remains to be done at Chernobyl.
Ukraine plans to construct a new casing for the mammoth concrete and
steel sarcophagus covering the ruined reactor No. 4. There is no
decision yet on what to do with the tons of radioactive dust and nuclear
fuel still inside, and work on making the structure environmentally safe
will take decades.
It also will take years to unload nuclear fuel from the three other
Chernobyl reactors.
``We shall continue to bear this,'' a weary Kuchma said Thursday in
Slavutych. ``This is our fate.''
Copyright 2000 The New York Times Company |
Fuente: www.indymedia.org
Jesus and
Socialism AND/OR Nietzsche and Socialism
by Emile 1:40pm Thu Dec 21 '00 |
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Are the
teachings of Jesus and Marx compatible? Part of a continuing
debate.
The original post which provoked this debate can be read at:
http://www.indymedia.org/display.php3?article_id=15187
Some questions and comments:
You wrote:
“ . . . it is a travesty to even attempt to draw parallels
between Marx and Jesus.”
No one wishes to argue that Marxian thought and Jesus’ thought
are identical. But there are common features. Are not SOME
Christians and some Socialists united in their desire for social
justice, and their desire to see an end to capitalist exploitation.
You do not address this point.
“Jesus could not possibly be an "anticapitalist":
capitalism per se did not exist in Roman”
Jesus was against exploitation. The concrete historical
manifestation of exploitation, whether it was exploitation of
plebeians by patricians, serfs by feudal lords, slaves by masters,
or workers by capitalists, is subsumed by the broad categories of
exploiter and exploited. Jesus and Marx both favored the poor.
“However, the antimercantilism propounded by Jesus is in large
measure the basis of anti Semitism, with the woeful results we all
live in the shadow of.”
Can you prove this? To say that Jesus is responsible for anti-semitism,
or even that his ideology was “in large measure” the basis of
anti Semitism, is to distort history. There is nothing in Jesus’
teachings which can legitimately used to justify systems of
oppressions. If you believe that, can you produce a quote by Jesus
himself that can be used to sustain your view? Is it not as absurd
to blame Jesus for 20th century anti-semitic atrocities as it
would be to blame Marx for the atrocities of Stalinism, or to
blame Nietzsche for the excesses of Hitler?
“Marx was absolutely scathing in the attempt to link socialism
with christianity.”
Yes, I agree. With “Christianity,” by which I assume you mean
the doctrine used by the Catholics and other organized right-wing
groups to oppress and control the “lower orders.” Can you not
see the difference between Catholic dogmas and the teachings of
Jesus Christ himself? Are you not conflating the two? Go back and
read the words of Guadalupe Carney, and tell me whether THOSE
WORDS are inconsistent with socialism, and if so why? The
Liberation Theologians cannot be identified with the garden
variety dogmatic “Christian” who existed in Marx’s and
Nietszche’s time.
Marx and Engels spoke well of early Christianity. Nietzsche spoke
well of Christ (his “Anti-Christ” conception was directed
against Christian dogma, hierarchy, and life-negating properties.
But was he against against Jesus Christ, per se. This is debatable.)
“In such works as ZARATHUSTRA, ANTICHRIST and DAYBREAK he
exposes the tenets of nazarene philosophy as fundamentally corrupt.”
Who is talking about “Nazarene Philosophy”? We should address
the specifics of Liberation Theology, and the teachings of Jesus
himself. What do you make of the observation:
<<It seems to me that the saying of Marx that “each one
should give according to his capacity, and each one should receive
according to his need” (which was the same as the system of the
first Christians described in Acts 2;42-47) is another way of
saying with Jesus, “Love your neighbor as yourself.” >>
Address the specifics, please.
<<Christians are not revolutionary . . .”
Some are, some are not. Were not the Sandinistas revolutionary?
Was not Sandino himself, who died fighting U.S. imperialism, a
revolutionary. Yet he was a Christian, not in the dogmatic sense,
or orthodox sense. I think the generalizations you make are true
about most orthodox Christians. But it does not make sense to
generalize so broadly about ALL Christians.
<<they inveigled their way into the Roman empire,
contributed to its collapse and brought about a Dark Age.>>
The greatest strength of Rome originally lay in its Republican
institutions, its dedication to ---what was in that day--- an
extremely progressive form of representation, involving a Senate,
and even a Tribunate to represent the working class. The Republic
which had endured for five hundred years, since about 550 B.C.,
was destroyed with the rise of dictators such as Sulla, and Julius
Caesar. The Roman Republic was destroyed by extreme moral and
political corruption, and many other ills, all of which arose
before Christianity even came to prominence.
If you read Sutonius and other Roman historians the reigns of
Caligula, Nero, Commodius, and many other “Caesars”, you will
discover that the corruption lay in the Roman system itself, as it
degenerated, long before Christianity was even known by most
Romans. And when Constantine became the first “Christian Emperor,”
what had the word “Christian” come to mean? Did it have
anything to do with the teachings of Jesus Christ? I would say,
NO. Instead of being an energizing religion, which incites people
to struggle against injustice and hypocrisy, it had devolved into
an ideological tool of the state.
“We are opposed to this inferior philosophy, with its
collectivism and capitulationist tendencies.”
Who does “we” refer to? And what philosophy are you talking
about? Liberation theology does not believe in “collectivism”,
by which I assume you mean Stalinist style collectivism. Jesus,
and Liberation theologians advocated (along with many anarcho-syndicalists)
a philosophy of COOPERATIVISM, which entails the voluntary pooling
of spiritual and material resources to oppose oppression.
Cooperativists wish to bring people together to create a new
society which does not foster a herd mentality, but inspires
people to share and work together for the common good AS DECIDED
BY WILLING PARTICIPANTS. It is the philosophy of many of the
founders of Independent Media Centers.
Nor is Jesus philosophy capitulationist. As practiced by the likes
of Gandhi and Martin Luther King, the teachings of Jesus are
extremely activist---they involve decisive NON-COOPERATION with
evil, but cooperation with the progressive forces, to destroy the
oppressive structures of society.
You quoted Nietzsche as saying,
“What does a good shepherd do ? Tend his flock, sure, but only
to take their wool, sell them on the market or eat them. Beware
the good shepherd!”
Nietzsche gave us many wise maxims. But there is an essential
contradiction in his thought, which needs addressing. He advises
us to beware the good shepherd. Yet he praises men like Napoleon
and Julius Caesar, who have fleeced the masses and caused more
destruction than most other historical figures. Does Nietzsche
even care about the “flock”? He seems to want to fleece them
himself at times.
I have read all the works you mentioned, and many more besides
written by Nietzsche. He is good at bashing the hypocrisy in the
organized religion, at deconstructing dogmas, and forcing people
to think and reflect. But he is a nihilist himself (in spite of
protests to the contrary), and does not offer any positive value
except a “Will to Power”. What about a will to truth, or a
will to justice? These are alien concepts to Nietzsche, and this
is why his thought is of very limited value to the left.
Emile
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?
by bazarov 1:52pm Thu Dec 21 '00 |
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Why can't we link
Marx to Stalin...Marx knew about the adaptation of marxism to
Russia and eventually Marxism/Leninism...he should have known that
left thought would have led to the same conclusion that right
thought would have and that Marxism is not practical because power
is the perversion that ruins any sytem. As for the comparisons
between Marxists and Christians it is a bad analogy becasue of the
amount of people involved. The population of Marxists in this
world are probably 1 percent compared to the number of Christians,
so generalizing Christian thought is to assume that all Christians
think the same, which we obviously know as false.
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Stalinism and
Marx; Christians and Marx
by Emile 2:32pm Thu Dec 21 '00 |
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<<Why can't we link Marx to Stalin...Marx knew about the
adaptation of marxism to Russia and eventually Marxism/Leninism...>>
Are you suggesting that Marx had detailed knowledge of how
“Marxism” was developing in Russia during his lifetime? And
are you saying that he knew about “Marxism-Leninism” (which
did not even come into being until well after his death)? And are
you saying that if he did know about detailed developments of
Russian “Marxism”, that he was responsible for the abuses of
those who developed a Leninist doctrine after 1922, namely, Stalin?
Such a line of reasoning requires several leaps, I think. As far
as Russian socialism goes, Marx did comment in one letter that the
Russians were bound to spoil socialism, as they had so badly
spoiled so many other social systems. These remarks were censored
in the official compilation of Marx’s works published in the
USSR. Also, Plekhanov, the founder of Russian Marxism, opposed
Leninism, and felt Lenin’s vanguardist, extreme views would do
more damage to Russia than to help it.
<<As for the comparisons between Marxists and Christians it
is a bad analogy because of the amount of people involved. The
population of Marxists in this world are probably 1 percent
compared to the number of Christians, so generalizing Christian
thought is to assume that all Christians think the same, which we
obviously know as false. >>
I was not claiming that “all Christians” think the same way.
In fact, I agree with you that they do not. My point is that left-Christians
have a great deal in common with socialists and Marxists, enough
to be enable them to forge strong bonds, as occurred between the
Sandinistas and communists in Nicaragua, and between the
socialists and many Christians in Allende era Chile (1970-72) and
among large numbers of religionists and Marxists in the world, and
especially in Latin America.
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Fuck
conservativism
by Angry Samoan 11:01pm Thu Dec 21 '00 |
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seems funny that
everyone seems to forget about sexism and homophobia in
christianity.
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Marxism doesn't
work because it doesn't work
by Novo Sviet 2:54am Fri Dec 22 '00 |
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I grew up under
communism. I am Russian. My father was a Russian diplomat in Cuba,
cammunism didn't work there either. It's like trying to roll a
wagon on square wheels. It fundamentally fails to realize the
mechanisms of capital and how they operate in the real world. It
also makes erroneous assumptions about human nature. In order for
it to 'work' a police state must be implimented.
What does work in these communist states is a system of corruption,
state gangsterism, which was the only mechanism that really worked.
This is true in Russia, Cuba and China, don't be fooled. Every
time you give the state some control over a factor in your life,
you give something up in return. It is a simple law with
devestating penalties.
The founders of the American Republic were realists who didn't
trust the state, the rule of the majority or themselves, because
they knew the corrupt nature of human greed. The US Constitution,
as it was originally written, is the greatest political document
in history. Thomas Jefferson was a great man.
Marx, on the other hand, was a bitter idealist, who never held a
real job in his life, lived off his wife jenny and just wanted to
get back at the world. He did. Whereever Communism has ruled, the
earth is filled wih secret graves. There is an old Soviet saying,
that you can't step 10 feet in Yekaterinburg without stepping on
someone's grave. This is nearly literally true: recent
developement in Yekaterinburg is constantly unearthing the bones
of disappeared Russians. It is estimated that over 50 million of
us were killed by our government. How many in the US were secretly
killed by theirs? Not so many by comparison I think.
By the way there is no such thing as "capitalism." This
was a term coined by Marx to give him an idea to create an
antithesis to. Historically there was never such a philosophy, any
books purporting ot espouse this philosophy are of recent origin.
a liberated PycckN
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will to powder
is what they have in common
by piet 4:01am Fri Dec 22 '00 |
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Jesus rode a
cross into hell (traditionally believed to be beneath the earth's
surface right?
He went there to conquer, free and get something right?
He might have been served with a musical rockgrinder instead of
the cross he got no?
Nietzsche saw very well that Jesus was an indymedia freak but he
couldn't get down low enough to grasp the more fundamental layers
of his motivation and understanding. He was alienated unto his
nihilistic 'wild cardness'.
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Most refreshing
post!
by SunValleyAmigo 2:16pm Fri Dec 22 '00 |
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Novo has provided
the most refreshing post I have seen on this forum. Communism will
always fail, because it fails to take into account the human
nature. There wull always be individuals who are willing to do
whatever it takes, in order to get ahead of their neighbors/fellow
citizens. Weither it be through honest hard work and effort, or by
dishonest means; some people simply want more out of life. The
idea that EVERYONE can be satisfied by accepting ONLY their share,
is simply ludicrious!
And just as Novo stated, every example of communism/socialism in
action, has shown the needs of these gov'ts to take away more
rights, and install more rules; that more often then not, only
apply to the general population. But not the privleged few in
power. There is nothing in the history of the U.S. can truly
compare to mistakes made by communist gov'ts in the past AND right
now. Yes, the U.S. has plenty of skeletons, and black marks in our
history. Some of these were out of ignorance, or unintentinal, and
some were done with the follow knowledge of the concequences to
follow. And these are mistakes that tarnish all Americans. And yes
that includes those who choose to not consider themselves
Americans. You live here, you work here. And the rights you have
and exercise, are because you live in this country. You already
know what the concequences are of protesting in many other
countries. No matter what you think, it could be worse.
Changes do need to be made, in order to make the whole world
better. But using out-dated, and experimental idiologys (yes
communism was a 75 year experiment, and it FAILED) will not work.
Instead of revolution, try evolution. Adapt what we have, using
the positive aspects, and incorperating new, and also positive
changes.
I often wonder how many of the so-called activists who post here,
have had the opportunity to visit, and live in countries where the
citizens are TRULY oppressed. And yea, I know you want to blame
the U.S. on their problems too. But Hey, most of these places
don't need our help to go downhill. Try shifting back some of that
blame back-on to the leaders who are making the decisions in some
of these cesspools.
Good work Novo!
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reply reply
reply to emile
by "zara thustra" 7:24am Sat Dec 23
'00 |
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I am genuinely
flattered that you made such a detailed critique of my hastily
written item. This kind of measured response is a strength of the
IMC.
Please note that I did not quote Nietzsche on the "Good
Shepherd". That was my own observation in his spirit.
I maintain that christianity is outmoded, and represented a
philosophical step back even in its own day, esp when viewed in
the light of say, DEMOCRITUS, LEUKIPPUS, or ARISTOTLE.
Does it require deep insight to see that a modern liberation
movement must be rational in its outlook, not based on a death
cult ? Nietzsche was not a socialist, nor in fact a total atheist.
What i think i have identified is that Nietszche and Marx approach
the same crisis of western society , but Nietszche does so from a
standpoint of UTOPIAN INDIVIDUALISM. By contrast, Marx the
philosopher of atheist communism( please dont claim he was
anything else but) attempts to build on the class conflict
theories developed during the struggles of the 18th and 19th
century. He was no simple collectivist like Proudhon. There are
many kinds of collectivism, most of them are ANTIsocialist, and
Marx knew it,
For Nietzsche, Antichrist !
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Fuente: www.indymedia.org
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