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15 Sep 1821 declaration of independence from Spain of the Kingdom
of Guatemala (encompassing all present Central America
plus Chiapas)
28 Sep 1821 Le�n, while awaiting developments with regard to Spain,
proclaims its secession from the Kingdom of Guatemala
(Acta de los Nublados)
12 Oct 1821 incorporated into Mexico (ratified 5 Jan 1822)
17 Apr 1823 Le�n declares itself an "orphan" and thus sovereign
1 Jul 1823 the Central American Federation (see under Guatemala)
proclaims independence from Mexico and invites those
provinces that had left the Kingdom of Guatemala to join
2 Jul 1823 Le�n accedes to invitation
Superior Political Chief and Intendant
15 Sep 1821 - 12 Oct 1821 Miguel Gonz�lez Saravia (b. 1788 - d. 1848)
17 Apr 1823 - 4 Jan 1825 Provisional Governing Junta
- Pedro Sol�s (primer vocal)
- Jos� del Carmen Salazar Lacayo
- Francisco Qui��nez
- Domingo Nicol�s Galarza y
Brice�o de Coca
- Basilio Carrillo
- Jos� Valent�n Fern�ndez Gallegos
- Juan Modesto Hern�ndez
(some sources list the last two as alternates)
4 Oct 1821 Granada reaffirms its being part of the Kingdom of
Guatemala, independent from Spain
22 Nov 1821 at the instigation of the government of Guatemala, a
Governing Junta is established
4 Feb 1822 - 16 Jan 1823 incorporated into Mexico (de jure situation ambiguous)
20 Apr 1823 Cleto Ord��ez is proclaimed General en Jefe del Ej�rcito
Protector y Libertador de Granada; he acts as head of state
(e.g. in a treaty with Le�n), but sets up a Governing Junta
2 Jul 1823 part of Central American Federation (see under Guatemala)
22 Nov 1821 - 4 Feb 1822 Governing Junta
- P�o Jos� Domitilo Bola�os Thomeu
Santeliz
- Rafael Brice�o
- Felipe Arg�ello
- Dionisio del Castillo
20 Apr 1823 - Jan 1825 Two conflicting versions
Version 1:
Governing Junta
- Jos� Antonio Vel�zquez
- Bernab� Montiel
- Venancio Fern�ndez
- Nicol�s de la Rocha Zapata
Version 2:
Revolutionary Junta
- Cleto Ord��ez (b. 1778 - d. 18...)
- Raimundo Tiffer
- Ignacio Marenco
- Solano Castrillo
- Nicol�s de la Rocha Zapata
- Manuel Sandoval
President of the Governing Junta Jul 1824 - 22 Jan 1825 Policarpo Irigoyen
President of the Governing Junta 9 Aug 1824 - 27 Dec 1824 Juan Bautista Salazar
22 Apr 1825 State of Nicaragua (constituent state of Central American
Federation; see under Guatemala)
30 Apr 1838 separation from the Federation sanctioned; promulgated
2 May 1838
30 Apr 1854 Republic of Nicaragua
Superior Political Chief and Intendant
11 Feb 1824 - 4 May 1824 Jos� Justo Milla (b. 1794 - d. 1838)
Intendant
10 Oct 1824 - 22 Apr 1825 Manuel Arz�
(12 Nov - 26 Dec 1824 also president of the General
Governing Junta)
Chiefs (often styled Supreme Chiefs, a term not mentioned in the constitution)
22 Apr 1825 - 22 Apr 1826 Manuel Antonio de la Cerda
(1st time) (b. 1780 - d. 1828)
22 Apr 1826 - 14 Sep 1827 Juan Arg�ello (1st time) (b. 1778 - d. 1830)
(acting [for suspended Cerda from Nov 1825] to 13 Aug 1826)
17 Sep 1826 - 26 Feb 1827 Pedro Benito Pineda (b. ... - d. 1827)
(acting; in rebellion at Granada)
27 Feb 1827 - 7 Nov 1828 Manuel Antonio de la Cerda
(2nd time) (s.a.)
(in rebellion outside Le�n and Granada)
14 Sep 1827 - Dec 1827 Pedro Oviedo (provisional)
under the authority of
Cleto Ord��ez (Commandant-General) (s.a.)
Dec 1827 - Aug 1828 chaos in Le�n and Granada; sources mention
governing juntas, but no detail is available
5 Aug 1828 - Apr 1829 Juan Arg�ello (2nd time) (s.a.)
Apr 1829 - 12 May 1830 Juan Espinosa (acting)
12 May 1830 - Nov 1833 Dionisio Herrera (b. 1781 - d. 1850)
Dec 1833 - 10 Mar 1834 Benito Rosales (acting)
10 Mar 1834 - 23 Apr 1835 Jos� N��ez (1st time) (acting)
23 Apr 1835 - 25 Jan 1837 Jos� Zepeda (b. 17... - d. 1837)
25 Jan 1837 - Jan 1838 Jos� N��ez (2nd time) (acting)
Jan 1838 - 13 Mar 1838 Francisco Jim�nez Rubio (acting)
13 Mar 1838 - 17 Nov 1838 Jos� N��ez (3rd time)
Directors (often styled Supreme Directors, a term not mentioned in constitution)
17 Nov 1838 - 1839 Jos� N��ez
1839 Evaristo Rocha (acting)
Jun 1839 - Jul 1839 Patricio Rivas (1st time) (acting)
Jul 1839 - Oct 1839 Joaqu�n del Coss�o (acting)
Oct 1839 - Nov 1839 Hilario Ulloa (acting)
Nov 1839 - Sep 1840 Tom�s Valladares (acting)
Sep 1840 - Mar 1841 Patricio Rivas (2nd time) (acting)
4 Mar 1841 - 1 Apr 1843 Pablo Buitrago (b. 1807 - d. 1882)
1 Apr 1843 - 31 May 1843 Juan de Dios Orozco (acting)
31 May 1843 - 4 Nov 1844 Manuel P�rez
4 Nov 1844 - 24 Jan 1845 Emiliano Madriz (acting)
16 Dec 1844 - 20 Jan 1845 Silvestre Selva
(acting, in dissidence)
20 Jan 1845 - 4 Apr 1845 Manuel Antonio Blas S�enz
(acting, in dissidence to 24 Jan 1845)
4 Apr 1845 - 12 Mar 1847 Jos� Le�n Sandoval (b. 1789 - d. 1847)
12 Mar 1847 - 6 Apr 1847 Miguel Ram�n Morales (acting)
6 Apr 1847 - 1 Jan 1849 Jos� Mar�a Guerrero (b. ... - d. af.1852)
1 Jan 1849 - Mar 1849 Toribio Ter�n (acting)
Mar 1849 - 1 Apr 1849 Benito Rosales (acting)
1 Apr 1849 - 1 Apr 1851 Norberto Ram�rez (b. 1800 - d. 1856)
1 Apr 1851 - 5 May 1851 Justo Aba�nza (1st time) (acting)
5 May 1851 - 4 Aug 1851 Laureano Pineda (1st time) (b. 1802 - d. 1853)
4 Aug 1851 - 11 Nov 1851 Justo Aba�nza (2nd time) (acting)
5 Aug 1851 - 11 Aug 1851 Jos� Francisco del Montenegro
(acting) (in rebellion)
11 Aug 1851 - 2 Nov 1851 Jos� de Jes�s Alfaro
(acting) (in rebellion)
11 Nov 1851 - 1 Apr 1853 Laureano Pineda (2nd time) (s.a.)
(in rebellion from 2 Nov 1851)
1 Apr 1853 - 30 Apr 1854 Fruto Chamorro (b. 1804 - d. 1855)
Presidents
30 Apr 1854 - 12 Mar 1855 Fruto Chamorro (s.a.)
(provisional to 1854, then acting to 1 Mar 1855)
12 Mar 1855 - 20 Mar 1855 Ponciano Corral (de facto) (b. 17... - d. 1855)
20 Mar 1855 - 25 Oct 1855 Jos� Mar�a Estrada (acting) (b. 1802 - d. 1856)
25 Oct 1855 - 24 Jun 1857 Patricio Rivas (provisional)
24 Jun 1857 - 19 Oct 1857 Government Junta
- M�ximo Jerez (b. 1818 - d. 1881)
- Tom�s Mart�nez (b. 1820 - d. 1873)
19 Oct 1857 - 15 Nov 1857 Government Junta
- Gregorio Ju�rez
- Rosal�o Cort�s
15 Nov 1857 - 1 Mar 1867 Tom�s Mart�nez (s.a.)
1 Mar 1867 - 1 Mar 1871 Fernando Guzm�n (b. 1812 - d. 1891)
26 Jun 1869 - 1869 Francisco Baca
(provisional; in dissidence)
1 Mar 1871 - 1 Mar 1875 Vicente Quadra (b. 1812 - d. 1894)
1 Mar 1875 - 1 Mar 1879 Pedro Joaqu�n Chamorro (b. 1818 - d. 1890)
1 Mar 1879 - 1 Mar 1883 Joaqu�n Zavala (1st time) (b. 1835 - d. 1906)
1 Mar 1883 - 1 Mar 1887 Ad�n C�rdenas (b. 1836 - d. 1916)
1 Mar 1887 - 1 Aug 1889 Evaristo Carazo (b. 1821 - d. 1889)
1 Aug 1889 - 5 Aug 1889 David Osorno (acting)
5 Aug 1889 - 1 Jan 1891 Roberto Sacasa (1st time) (acting) (b. 1840 - d. 1896)
1 Jan 1891 - 1 Mar 1891 Ignacio Ch�vez (acting)
1 Mar 1891 - 1 Jun 1893 Roberto Sacasa (2nd time) (s.a.)
30 Apr 1893 - 20 May 1893 Eduardo Montiel
(commandant of the Army Restoring Order, in dissidence)
20 May 1893 - 1 Jun 1893 Revolutionary Government Junta
(in dissidence)
- Eduardo Montiel
- Jos� Santos Zelaya (b. 1853 - d. 1919)
1 Jun 1893 - 15 Jul 1893 Salvador Machado (acting)
16 Jul 1893 - 31 Jul 1893 Joaqu�n Zavala (2nd time) (s.a.)
(provisional)
31 Jul 1893 - 21 Dec 1909 Jos� Santos Zelaya (s.a.)
(president of Government Junta [in dissidence from 12 Jul
1893] to 15 Sep 1893; provisional 16 Sep 1893 - 1 Feb 1894)
24 Feb 1896 - May 1896 Francisco Baca hijo
(acting; in dissidence)
3 Feb 1899 - 26 Feb 1899 Juan Pablo Reyes
(provisional; in dissidence)
21 Dec 1909 - 20 Aug 1910 Jos� Madriz (acting) (b. 1867 - d. 1911)
20 Aug 1910 - 27 Aug 1910 Jos� Dolores Estrada (acting) (b. 18... - d. 1911)
27 Aug 1910 - 30 Aug 1910 Luis Mena (acting)
30 Aug 1910 - 9 May 1911 Juan Jos� Estrada (b. 1872 - d. 1967)
(provisional [in dissidence from 10 Oct 1909] to 1 Jan 1911,
then president pro t�mpore)
9 May 1911 - 1 Jan 1917 Adolfo D�az (1st time) (b. 1875 - d. 1964)
(acting to 1 Jan 1913)
29 Jul 1912 - 23 Sep 1912 Luis Mena (acting; in dissidence)
23 Sep 1912 - 4 Oct 1912 Benjam�n Francisco Zeled�n
Rodr�guez (b. 1879 - d. 1912)
(supreme chief of government; in dissidence)
1 Jan 1917 - 1 Jan 1921 Emiliano Chamorro Vargas
(1st time) (b. 1871 - d. 1966)
1 Jan 1921 - 12 Oct 1923 Diego Manuel Chamorro Bola�os (b. 1861 - d. 1923)
12 Oct 1923 - Oct 1923 Rosendo Chamorro (acting) (b. ... - d. 1947)
Oct 1923 - 1 Jan 1925 Bartolom� Mart�nez (acting) (b. 1860 - d. 1936)
1 Jan 1925 - 14 Mar 1926 Carlos Jos� Sol�rzano (b. 1860 - d. 1936)
14 Mar 1926 - 11 Nov 1926 Emiliano Chamorro Vargas
(2nd time) (acting) (s.a.)
11 Nov 1926 - 14 Nov 1926 Sebasti�n Uriza (acting)
14 Nov 1926 - 1 Jan 1929 Adolfo D�az (2nd time) (s.a.)
14 Nov 1926 - 1 Jan 1929 Juan Bautista Sacasa (b. 1874 - d. 1946)
(acting; in dissidence)
1 Jan 1929 - 1 Jan 1933 Jos� Mar�a Moncada Tapia (b. 1870 - d. 1945)
1 Jan 1933 - 9 Jun 1936 Juan Bautista Sacasa (s.a.)
9 Jun 1936 Guillermo Sevilla Sacasa (acting) (b. 1908 - d. 1997)
9 Jun 1936 - 1 Jan 1937 Carlos Alberto Brenes Jarqu�n (b. 1884 - d. 1942)
(acting)
1 Jan 1937 - 1 May 1947 Anastasio Somoza Garc�a (1st time) (b. 1896 - d. 1956)
1 May 1947 - 26 May 1947 Leonardo Arg�ello (b. 1875 - d. 1947)
26 May 1947 - 15 Aug 1947 Benjam�n Lacayo Sacasa (acting) (b. 1893 - d. 1959)
15 Aug 1947 - 6 May 1950 V�ctor Manuel Rom�n y Reyes (b. 1873 - d. 1950)
6 May 1950 - 7 May 1950 Manuel Fernando Zurita (acting)
7 May 1950 - 29 Sep 1956 Anastasio Somoza Garc�a (2nd time) (s.a.)
28 Sep 1956 - 1 May 1963 Luis Somoza Debayle (b. 1922 - d. 1967)
(acting [for Anastasio Somoza Garc�a to 29 Sep 1956] to 29 Sep 1956)
1 May 1963 - 3 Aug 1966 Ren� Schick Guti�rrez (b. 1909 - d. 1966)
3 Aug 1966 - 4 Aug 1966 Orlando Montenegro Medrano (b. ... - d. 1988)
(acting)
4 Aug 1966 - 1 May 1967 Lorenzo Guerrero Guti�rrez (b. 1900 - d. 1981)
1 May 1967 - 1 May 1972 Anastasio Somoza Debayle
(1st time) (b. 1925 - d. 1980)
1 May 1972 - 1 Dec 1974 National Government Junta
- Roberto Mart�nez Lacayo (b. 1899 - d. 1984)
- Fernando Bernab� Ag�ero Rocha (b. 1920)
(to 1 Mar 1973)
- Edmundo Paguaga Ir�as (b. 1923 - d. 2008)
(from 1 Mar 1973)
- Alfonso Lovo Cordero (b. 1927)
1 Dec 1974 - 17 Jul 1979 Anastasio Somoza Debayle
(2nd time) (s.a.)
17 Jul 1979 - 18 Jul 1979 Francisco Urcuyo Malia�os (acting) (b. 1915 - d. 2001)
18 Jul 1979 - 10 Jan 1985 Government Junta of National Reconstruction
- Daniel Ortega (b. 1945)
(coordinator from 4 Mar 1981)
- Sergio Ram�rez Mercado (b. 1942)
- Violeta Barrios de Chamorro (f) (b. 1929)
(to 19 Apr 1980)
- Luis Adolfo Robelo Callejas (b. 1939)
(to 22 Apr 1980)
- Mois�s Hassan Morales (b. 1942)
(to 4 Mar 1981)
- Rafael �ngel C�rdova Rivas
(from 18 May 1980)
- Arturo Jos� Cruz Porras (b. 1923)
(18 May 1980 - 4 Mar 1981)
10 Jan 1985 - 25 Apr 1990 Daniel Ortega (1st time) (s.a.)
25 Apr 1990 - 10 Jan 1997 Violeta Barrios de Chamorro (f) (s.a.)
10 Jan 1997 - 10 Jan 2002 Arnoldo Alem�n (b. 1946)
10 Jan 2002 - 10 Jan 2007 Enrique Bola�os (b. 1928)
10 Jan 2007 - Daniel Ortega (2nd time) (s.a.)
Directors
11 Jun 1854 - 2 Sep 1855 Francisco Castell�n (b. 1815 - d. 1855)
(provisional to 1 Apr 1855)
2 Sep 1855 - 30 Oct 1855 Nazario Escoto (acting)
Presidents 20 Jun 1856 - 12 Jul 1856 Ferm�n Ferrer (provisional) 12 Jul 1856 - 1 May 1857 William Walker (b. 1824 - d. 1860)
Presidents 29 Jun 1856 - 13 Aug 1856 Jos� Mar�a Estrada (acting) (s.a.) 13 Aug 1856 - 12 Sep 1856 Nicasio del Castillo (acting)
Coordinators of the Regional Government ("governors")
4 May 1990 - 1992 Leonel Panting Wilson (b. 1950)
1992 - 4 May 1994 Alfonso Smith Warman
4 May 1994 - May 1996 Marcos Hoppington Scott
May 1996 - 4 May 1998 Steadman Fagoth Muller (b. 1949)
4 May 1998 - 4 May 2002 Alba Rivera de Vallejos (f)
4 May 2002 - 4 May 2006 Hurtado Garc�a Becker
4 May 2006 - Reynaldo Francis Watson
Coordinators of the Regional Government ("governors")
4 May 1990 - 4 May 1994 Alvin Guthrie Rivers
4 May 1994 - 4 May 1998 Rayfield Wayne Hodgson Bobb
4 May 1998 - Apr 2001 Randolph Noel Hodgson Jullit
Apr 2001 - 4 May 2002 Rendell Hebbert L�pez
4 May 2002 - 24 Aug 2002 Ra�l Mart�nez Medina
24 Aug 2002 - Sep 2004 Guy Crosby Cox Wallace
Sep 2004 - 4 May 2006 Alejandro Mej�a Gait�n
4 May 2006 - 4 May 2008 Paulo Santos Avenda�o Zapata
4 May 2008 - Yadira Esperanza Flores Reyes (f)
1661 Mosquitian Nation established as a kingdom
12 Sep 1861 kingdom transformed into Mosquito Reservation under
Nicaraguan sovereignty
7 Aug 1894 (ratified 28 Feb 1895) reservation abolished, with full
incorporation into Nicaragua
Kings
1661 - 1677 Oldman I
1677 - 1686 Oldman II (b. ... - d. 1686)
1686 - 1720 Jeremy I (b. c.1639 - d. 1720)
1720 - 1729 Jeremy II (b. ... - d. 1729)
1729 - 1739 Peter
1739 - Jan 1755 Edward (b. af.1719 - d. 1755)
1755 - 1776 George I Samuel Roderick Kandler (b. ... - d. 1776)
1777 - Oct 1801 George II Augustus (b. ... - d. 1801)
Oct 1801 - 14 Nov 1815 Stephen (king-regent)
14 Nov 1815 - 9 Mar 1824 George III Frederick Augustus (b. 1798 - d. 1824)
9 Mar 1824 - Oct 1842 Robert Charles Frederick (b. ... - d. 1842)
Oct 1842 - 4 May 1843 Archibald Alexander Macdonald
(chairman Regency Commission)
4 May 1843 - 17 Apr 1845 Regency
- Prince Wellington
- Lowry Robinson
- Johnson (to 1843)
17 Apr 1845 - 12 Sep 1861 George IV Augustus Frederick (b. 1832 - d. 1865)
Hereditary Chiefs
12 Sep 1861 - 27 Nov 1865 George IV Augustus Frederick (s.a.)
27 Nov 1865 - 23 May 1866 Henry Patterson
(vice-president of the Council)
23 May 1866 - 5 May 1879 William Henry Clarence (b. 1856 - d. 1879)
5 May 1879 - 17 Jun 1879 Charles Patterson (1st time)
(vice-president of the Council)
17 Jun 1879 - 8 Nov 1888 George V William Albert Hendy (b. ... - d. 1888)
8 Nov 1888 - 8 Mar 1889 Charles Patterson (2nd time)
(vice-president of the Council)
8 Mar 1889 - 11 Nov 1890 Jonathan Charles Frederick (b. ... - d. 1890)
11 Nov 1890 - 30 Jan 1891 Charles Patterson (3rd time)
(vice-president of the Council)
30 Jan 1891 - 7 Aug 1894 Robert Henry Clarence (b. 1873 - d. 1908)
23 Jul 1900 French military territory
(part of French West Africa; see under Senegal)
26 Dec 1922 French colony
19 Dec 1958 autonomy (Republic of Niger)
3 Aug 1960 independence
Commandants (from 24 Feb 1913, commissioners)
23 Jul 1900 - 1901 �tienne P�roz (b. 1857 - d. 1910)
1902 - 1903 Henri Gouraud (b. 1867 - d. 1946)
Oct 1904 - 190. No�l
190. - 190. Joseph Gauderique Aymerich (b. 1858 - d. 1937)
190. - 190. Lamolle
190. - 190. Cristofari
190. - 1911 Paul C�lestin Marie Joseph Venel
(1st time) (b. 1864 - d. 1920)
27 Sep 1911 - 1912 Hocquart
1912 - 1913 Charles Camille Thierry de Maugras
(acting)
4 Dec 1913 - 1915 Paul C�lestin Marie Joseph Venel
(2nd time) (s.a.)
15 Nov 1915 - Jan 1918 Charles Henri Mourin
24 Jan 1918 - 1919 Marie Joseph F�lix M�chet (b. 1870 - d. 19...)
Aug 1919 - 1920 Claude Paul �mile Lefebvre
1920 Maurice Gustave Fernand Renauld
5 Jul 1920 - 1921 Lucien �mile Rueff
1921 - 26 Dec 1922 Jules Br�vi� (b. 1880 - d. 1964)
Lieutenant governors
26 Dec 1922 - 9 Oct 1929 Jules Br�vi� (s.a.)
23 Mar 1923 - Sep 1925 L�once Jore (acting for Br�vi�) (b. 1882 - d. 1975)
9 Oct 1929 - 21 Nov 1929 Jean Baptiste Robert Fayout
(acting)
21 Nov 1929 - 30 Oct 1930 Alphonse Choteau (b. ... - d. 1936)
30 Oct 1930 - 9 Sep 1931 Louis Placide Blacher (b. 1883 - d. 1960)
9 Sep 1931 - 25 May 1933 Th�ophile Antoine Pascal Tellier (b. 1872 - d. 1955)
25 May 1933 - May 1934 Maurice Bourgine (b. 1879 - d. 1963)
May 1934 - 16 Mar 1935 L�on Charles Alphonse P�tre
16 Mar 1935 - 29 Apr 1938 Joseph Court (b. 1881 - d. 1948)
29 Apr 1938 - 18 Feb 1939 Jean-Baptiste Victor Chazelas
(acting)
18 Feb 1939 - 7 Nov 1940 Jean Rapenne (b. 1901)
7 Nov 1940 - 8 Dec 1940 L�on Solomiac (acting) (b. 1873 - d. 1960)
8 Dec 1940 - 4 Mar 1942 Maurice Falvy (b. 1888 - d. 1970)
4 Mar 1942 - May 1954 Jean Toby (acting to Dec 1942) (b. 1900 - d. 1964)
11 Feb 1952 - 23 Feb 1953 Fernand Georges Gaston Casimir (b. 1896 - d. 19...)
(acting for Toby)
21 Dec 1954 - 3 Nov 1956 Jean Ramadier (b. 1913 - d. 1968)
3 Nov 1956 - 29 Jan 1958 Paul Bordier (b. 1921 - d. 2003)
29 Jan 1958 - 25 Aug 1958 Louis F�lix Rollet (acting)
High commissioner
25 Aug 1958 - 10 Nov 1960 Jean Colombani (b. 1903 - d. 1977)
President
10 Nov 1960 - 15 Apr 1974 Hamani Diori (b. 1916 - d. 1989)
Presidents of the Supreme Military Council
17 Apr 1974 - 10 Nov 1987 Seyni Kountch� (b. 1931 - d. 1987)
10 Nov 1987 - 17 May 1989 Ali Saibou (b. 1940)
(interim to 14 Nov 1987)
President of the Supreme Council of National Orientation
17 May 1989 - 20 Dec 1989 Ali Saibou (s.a.)
Presidents
20 Dec 1989 - 16 Apr 1993 Ali Saibou (s.a.)
16 Apr 1993 - 27 Jan 1996 Mahamane Ousmane (b. 1950)
Chairman of the National Salvation Council
27 Jan 1996 - 7 Aug 1996 Ibrahim Bar� Ma�nassara (b. 1949 - d. 1999)
President
7 Aug 1996 - 9 Apr 1999 Ibrahim Bar� Ma�nassara (s.a.)
Chairman of the National Reconciliation Council
11 Apr 1999 - 22 Dec 1999 Daouda Malam Wank� (b. 1954 - d. 2004)
President
22 Dec 1999 - 18 Feb 2010 Mamadou Tandja (b. 1938)
Chairman of the Supreme Council for the Restoration of Democracy
19 Feb 2010 - Salou Djibo (b. 1965)
Prime ministers
20 May 1957 - 10 Oct 1958 Djibo Bakary (b. 1922 - d. 1998)
(vice president of the Government Council to 26 Jul 1958,
then president of the Government Council)
18 Dec 1958 - 10 Nov 1960 Hamani Diori (s.a.)
(president of the provisional government to 25 Feb 1959)
24 Jan 1983 - 14 Nov 1983 Mamane Oumarou (1st time) (b. 1945)
14 Nov 1983 - 15 Jul 1988 Hamid Algabid (b. 1941)
15 Jul 1988 - 20 Dec 1989 Mamane Oumarou (2nd time) (s.a.)
2 Mar 1990 - 27 Oct 1991 Aliou Mahamidou (b. 1936 - d. 1996)
27 Oct 1991 - 17 Apr 1993 Amadou Cheiffou (b. 1942)
17 Apr 1993 - 28 Sep 1994 Mahamadou Issoufou (b. 1952)
28 Sep 1994 - 8 Feb 1995 Souley Abdoulaye (b. 1965)
8 Feb 1995 - 21 Feb 1995 Amadou Ciss� (1st time) (b. 1948)
21 Feb 1995 - 27 Jan 1996 Hama Amadou (1st time) (b. 1950)
30 Jan 1996 - 21 Dec 1996 Boukary Adji (b. 1939)
21 Dec 1996 - 27 Nov 1997 Amadou Ciss� (2nd time) (s.a.)
27 Nov 1997 - 3 Jan 2000 Ibrahim Hassane Mayaki (b. 1951)
3 Jan 2000 - 7 Jun 2007 Hama Amadou (2nd time) (s.a.)
7 Jun 2007 - 23 Sep 2009 Seyni Oumarou (b. 1950)
23 Sep 2009 - 2 Oct 2009 Albad� Abouba (acting)
2 Oct 2009 - 18 Feb 2010 Ali Badjo Gamati�
23 Feb 2010 - Mahamadou Danda (b. 1951)
1861 British colony (subordinated to Sierra Leone 1866-74
and to the Gold Coast 1874-86)
1906 part of Southern Nigeria
Administrators
1862 - 1863 Henry Stanhope Freeman
1863 - 1864 W.R. Mulliner
1864 - 1866 John Hawley Glover (1st time) (b. 1829 - d. 1885)
1866 Charles George Edward Patey (b. 1813 - d. 1881)
(acting)
Feb 1866 - 1871 John Hawley Glover (2nd time) (s.a.)
1871 - 1872 J. Gerrard
1872 Henry Fowley
1872 - 1873 George Berkeley (b. 1819 - d. 1905)
1873 Charles Cameron Lees (1st time) (b. 1831 - d. 1898)
(acting)
1873 - 1874 George Cumine Strahan (b. 1838 - d. 1889)
1874 John Shaw (acting)
1874 - 1875 Charles Cameron Lees (2nd time) (s.a.)
1875 - 1878 John d'Arcy Dumaresq
1878 F. Simpson (acting)
1878 Malcolm Brown (acting)
1878 - 1880 Cornelius Alfred Moloney (b. 1848 - d. 1913)
1880 William Brandford Griffith (b. 1821 - d. 1897)
1880 - 1883 C.D. Turton
Lieutenant governors
1883 Cornelius Alfred Moloney (acting) (s.a.)
1883 Fred Evans (acting)
1883 - 1884 William Brandford Griffith (s.a.)
1884 R. Murray Ramsey
1884 - 1885 R. Knapp Barrow
1885 - 1886 C. Pike
Governors
1886 - 1891 Cornelius Alfred Moloney (s.a.)
1891 - 1899 Sir Gilbert Thomas Carter (b. 1848 - d. 1927)
1899 - 1904 Sir William MacGregor (b. 1846 - d. 1919)
1904 - 1906 Walter Egerton (from 1905,
Sir Walter Egerton) (b. 1858 - d. 1947)
Jul 1886 ruled by Royal Niger Company 1 Jan 1900 split between Northern and Southern Nigeria Presidents of the Royal Niger Company Jul 1886 - 25 Feb 1895 Henry Austin Bruce, Baron Aberdare (b. 1815 - d. 1895) Mar 1895 - 1 Jan 1900 Sir George Taubman Goldie (b. 1846 - d. 1925)
1 Jan 1900 Protectorate of Northern Nigeria formed from part of Niger
Territories
1 Jan 1914 united with Southern Nigeria
High commissioners
1 Jan 1900 - Nov 1906 Frederick Lugard
(from 1901, Sir Frederick Lugard) (b. 1858 - d. 1945)
1907 - 1908 Edouard Percy Cranwill Girouard (b. 1867 - d. 1932)
Governors
1908 - 1909 Edouard Percy Cranwill Girouard (s.a.)
1909 - 1912 Sir Hesketh Bell (b. 1864 - d. 1952)
1912 - 1 Jan 1914 Sir Frederick Lugard (s.a.)
1891 Oil Rivers Protectorate
13 May 1893 Niger Coast Protectorate
1 Jan 1900 united with parts of the Niger Territories to form
Protectorate of Southern Nigeria
28 Feb 1906 Colony and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria
1 Jan 1914 united with Northern Nigeria
Commissioners
1891 - 1896 Claude Maxwell Macdonald
(from 1892, Sir Claude Maxwell
Macdonald) (b. 1852 - d. 1915)
1896 - 1 Jan 1900 Ralph Denham Rayment Moor
(from 1897, Sir Ralph Denham
Rayment Moor) (b. 1860 - d. 1909)
High commissioners
1 Jan 1900 - 1903 Sir Ralph Denham Rayment Moor (s.a.)
1904 - 28 Feb 1906 Walter Egerton (from 1905,
Sir Walter Egerton) (s.a.)
Governors
28 Feb 1906 - 1912 Sir Walter Egerton (s.a.)
1912 - 1 Jan 1914 Sir Frederick Lugard (s.a.)
1 Jan 1914 Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria
1 Oct 1954 Federation of Nigeria
1 Oct 1960 independence
1 Oct 1963 Federal Republic of Nigeria
24 May 1966 Republic of Nigeria
31 Aug 1966 Federal Republic of Nigeria
Governor-general
1 Jan 1914 - 8 Aug 1919 Sir Frederick Lugard (s.a.)
Governors
8 Aug 1919 - 13 Nov 1925 Sir Hugh Clifford (b. 1866 - d. 1941)
13 Nov 1925 - 17 Jun 1931 Sir Graeme Thomson (b. 1875 - d. 1933)
17 Jun 1931 - 1 Nov 1935 Sir Donald Charles Cameron (b. 1872 - d. 1948)
1 Nov 1935 - 1 Jul 1940 Sir Bernard Henry Bourdillon (b. 1883 - d. 1948)
1 Jul 1940 - 1942 Sir John Evelyn Shuckburgh (b. 1877 - d. 1953)
1942 - 18 Dec 1943 Sir Alan Cuthbert Maxwell Burns (b. 1887 - d. 1980)
18 Dec 1943 - 5 Feb 1948 Sir Arthur Frederick Richards (b. 1885 - d. 1978)
5 Feb 1948 - 1 Oct 1954 Sir John Stuart Macpherson (b. 1898 - d. 1971)
Governors-general (representing the British monarch as head of state from 1 Oct 1960)
1 Oct 1954 - 15 Jun 1955 Sir John Stuart Macpherson (s.a.)
15 Jun 1955 - 16 Nov 1960 Sir James Wilson Robertson (b. 1899 - d. 1983)
16 Nov 1960 - 1 Oct 1963 Nnamdi Azikiwe (b. 1904 - d. 1996)
President
1 Oct 1963 - 16 Jan 1966 Nnamdi Azikiwe (s.a.)
Heads of the Federal Military Government
(from 24 May to 31 Aug 1966, National Military Government)
16 Jan 1966 - 29 Jul 1966 Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi (b. 1924 - d. 1966)
1 Aug 1966 - 29 Jul 1975 Yakubu Gowon (b. 1934)
29 Jul 1975 - 13 Feb 1976 Murtala Mohammed (b. 1938 - d. 1976)
14 Feb 1976 - 1 Oct 1979 Olusegun Obasanjo (b. 1937)
President
1 Oct 1979 - 31 Dec 1983 Alhaji Shehu Shagari (b. 1925)
Chairman of the Supreme Military Council
31 Dec 1983 - 27 Aug 1985 Muhammadu Buhari (b. 1942)
President and chairman of the Armed Forces Ruling Council
(from 4 Jan 1993, president of the National Defense and Security Council)
27 Aug 1985 - 26 Aug 1993 Ibrahim Babangida (b. 1941)
Interim president
26 Aug 1993 - 17 Nov 1993 Ernest Shonekan (b. 1936)
Chairmen of the Provisional Ruling Council
17 Nov 1993 - 8 Jun 1998 Sani Abacha (b. 1943 - d. 1998)
9 Jun 1998 - 29 May 1999 Abdulsalami Abubakar (b. 1942)
Presidents
29 May 1999 - 29 May 2007 Olusegun Obasanjo (s.a.)
29 May 2007 - Umaru Musa Yar'Adua (b. 1951)
9 Feb 2010 - Goodluck Jonathan (b. 1957)
(acting for Yar'Adua)
Prime minister
30 Aug 1957 - 15 Jan 1966 Abubakar Tafawa Balewa (from 1 Jan
1960, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa) (b. 1912 - d. 1966)
Chairman of the Transitional Council
4 Jan 1993 - 26 Aug 1993 Ernest Shonekan (s.a.)
30 May 1967 secession of Eastern Region as Republic of Biafra
(not internationally recognized)
12 Jan 1970 reintegration into Nigeria
Presidents
30 May 1967 - 8 Jan 1970 Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu (b. 1933)
8 Jan 1970 - 12 Jan 1970 Philip Effiong (acting) (b. 1924 - d. 2003)
17.. - 1917 kingdom of Niue-Fekai
20 Apr 1900 British protectorate
11 Jun 1901 annexed to New Zealand as part of the Cook Islands
1904 separated from Cook Islands
19 Oct 1974 associated state
Kings (title Patuiki)
... - ... Tihamau
... - ... Tepunua Mutalau
... - ... Leivalu
... - ... Hetalangi
... - ... Fakahinaiki
... - ... Punimata
... - ... Ihunga
... - ... Patuavalu
... - ... Ngaliangaaiki
... - ... Fokimata
... - ... Pakieto
... - 2 Mar 1876 interregnum
2 Mar 1876 - 13 Jul 1887 Mataio Tuitonga (b. ... - d. 1887)
21 Nov 1888 - 15 Dec 1896 Fataaiki (b. ... - d. 1896)
30 Jun 1898 - 1917 Tongia Puluteaki (b. 18... - d. 1917)
Resident commissioners
1901 - 1902 Stephenson Percy Smith (b. 1840 - d. 1922)
1902 - 1907 Christopher Freke Maxwell
1907 - 1918 Henry Greyshott Cornwall
1918 - 1920 Guy Norman Morris (1st time)
1920 - 1922 John Crouchley Murray Enson
1922 - 1926 Guy Norman Morris (2nd time)
1926 - 1931 Albert Arthur Luckham (b. 1883 - d. 1957)
1931 - 1942 William Moody Bell
1942 - 1943 Joseph Patrick McMahon-Box
1943 - 16 Aug 1953 Cecil Hector Watson Larsen (b. 1908? - d. 1953)
1953 - 1956 Jock McEwen (b. 1915)
1956 - 1958 Albert Oliver Dare (b. 1917)
1958 - 1962 David Walter Reginald Heatley (b. 1905)
1962 - 1968 Lyle Allen Shanks (b. 1924)
1968 - 197. Selwyn Digby Wilson
1973 - 1974 C.A. Roberts
New Zealand Representatives
1 Nov 1974 - 1977 W.J. Ashwell
2 Apr 1977 - 1979 Ian McGregor
31 Aug 1979 - 1982 Terry Baker
31 Mar 1982 - 1984 Malcolm McNamara
22 Sep 1984 - 1986 John Springford
5 Dec 1986 - 1991 Mel Taylor
17 Mar 1991 - 2 Aug 1993 Kurt Meyer
High commissioners
2 Aug 1993 - 1994 Kurt Meyer (1st time)
16 May 1994 - 1997 Warren Searell
27 May 1997 - May 2000 Mike Pointer
May 2000 - Feb 2003 John Bryan
14 Feb 2003 - 26 Sep 2005 Sandra Lee (f) (b. 1952)
3 Oct 2005 - Feb 2006 Kurt Meyer (2nd time) (acting)
Feb 2006 - Jan 2008 Anton Ojala
15 Jan 2008 - Brian Smythe
Premiers
19 Oct 1974 - 12 Dec 1992 Robert Rex (from 1984,
Sir Robert Rex) (b. 1909 - d. 1992)
12 Dec 1992 - 9 Mar 1993 Young Vivian (1st time) (b. 1935)
9 Mar 1993 - 26 Mar 1999 Frank F. Lui (b. 1935)
26 Mar 1999 - 1 May 2002 Sani Lakatani (b. 1936)
1 May 2002 - 18 Jun 2008 Young Vivian (2nd time) (s.a.)
18 Jun 2008 - Toke Talagi
6 Mar 1788 first settlement; part of New South Wales
29 Sep 1844 part of Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania)
1 Nov 1856 separate territory; subordinated to New South Wales
1 Jul 1914 Australian territory
Administrators
6 Mar 1788 - 17 Mar 1790 Philip Gidley King (1st time) (b. 1758 - d. 1808)
Mar 1790 - Nov 1791 Robert Ross (b. c.1740 - d. 1794)
Nov 1791 - 1796 Philip Gidley King (2nd time) (s.a.)
1796 - 1799 John Townson (b. 1760 - d. 1835)
1799 - 1800 Thomas Rowley
Jun 1800 - Sep 1804 Joseph Foveaux (b. 1767 - d. 1846)
Sep 1804 - Jan 1810 John Piper
Jan 1810 - Feb 1814 Tankerville Alexander Crane
Feb 1814 - 6 Jun 1825 abandoned
6 Jun 1825 - 1826 Richard Turton
1826 - 1827 Vance Young Donaldson
1827 - 1828 Thomas Edward Wright
1828 - 1829 Robert Hunt
1829 Joseph Wakefield
1829 - 1834 John Thomas Morisset
1834 Foster Fyans (b. 1790 - d. 1870)
1834 - 1839 Joseph Anderson (b. 1790 - d. 1877)
1839 Thomas Bunbury
1839 - 1840 Thomas Ryan
1840 - 1844 Alexander Maconochie (b. 1787 - d. 1860)
1844 - 1846 Joseph Childs
1846 - 1853 John Giles Price (b. 1808 - d. 1857)
1853 - 1854 Rupert Deering
1854 - 1855 H. Day
May 1855 - 8 Jun 1856 Thomas Samuel Stewart (caretaker)
Chief magistrates
8 Jun 1856 - 1857 George Martin Frederick Young
(1st time) (b. 1822 - d. 1899)
1858 Isaac Christian (b. 1825 - d. 1877)
1859 George Martin Frederick Young
(2nd time) (s.a.)
1860 - 1861 Thomas Buffett (b. 1825 - d. 1900)
1862 - 1865 Arthur Quintal II (1st time) (b. 1816 - d. 1902)
1866 William Quintal (1st time) (b. 1817 - d. 1905)
1867 - 1870 John Buffett (1st time) (b. 1826 - d. 1906)
1871 David Buffett (b. 1827 - d. 1924)
1872 - 1873 William Quintal (2nd time) (s.a.)
1874 - 1875 Fletcher Christian Nobbs (b. 1833 - d. 1912)
1876 - 1880 Francis Mason Nobbs (1st time) (b. 1835 - d. 1909)
1881 - 1882 John Buffett (2nd time) (s.a.)
1883 - 1884 Francis Mason Nobbs (2nd time) (s.a.)
1885 Arthur Quintal II (2nd time) (s.a.)
1886 - 1887 Stephen Christian (1st time) (b. 1843 - d. 1918)
1888 Henry Seymour Buffett (b. 1847 - d. 1931)
1889 - 1890 Stephen Christian (2nd time) (s.a.)
1891 - 1892 Byron Stanley Mitchell Adams
(1st time) (b. 1847 - d. 1902)
1893 Stephen Christian (3rd time) (s.a.)
1894 Francis Mason Nobbs (3rd time) (s.a.)
1895 - 1896 Byron Stanley Mitchell Adams
(2nd time) (s.a.)
Administrators
1896 - 1898 Warner Wright Spalding (b. 1844 - d. 1920)
1898 - 1903 Charles McArthur King (b. 1824 - d. 1903)
1903 - 1907 Walton Drake (b. 1850 - d. 19...)
1907 - 1913 Charles Sinclair Elliot
21 Aug 1913 - 30 Aug 1920 Michael Vincent Murphy (1st time)
1 Sep 1920 - 30 Jun 1924 John William Parnell (b. 1860 - d. 1931)
1 Jul 1924 - 16 Oct 1926 Edwin Thomas Leane (b. 1867 - d. 1928)
1926 - 1927 Michael Vincent Murphy (2nd time)
(acting)
1 Feb 1927 - 25 Jan 1928 Victor Conradsdorf Morisset
Sellheim (b. 1866 - d. 1928)
1928 Henry Stephenson Edgar (acting)
6 Jun 1928 - 21 Jan 1929 Charles Edward Herbert (b. 1860 - d. 1929)
1 May 1929 - 30 Jun 1932 Alfred Joshua Bennett (b. 1865 - d. 1946)
1 Jul 1932 - 3 Dec 1937 Charles Robert Pinney (b. 1883 - d. 1945)
4 Dec 1937 - 31 Dec 1945 Sir Charles Rosenthal (b. 1875 - d. 1954)
1 Jan 1946 - 31 Dec 1952 Alexander Wilson (b. 1880 - d. 1954)
1 Jan 1953 - 30 Apr 1958 Colin Hugh Boyd Norman (b. 1904)
1 May 1958 - 1962 Reginald Sylvester Leydin (b. 1905)
Jun 1962 - Aug 1964 Robert Hurley Wordsworth (b. 1894 - d. 1984)
Aug 1964 - Oct 1964 James Francis Donovan (acting)
Oct 1964 - Jun 1966 Roger Bede Nott (b. 1908 - d. 2000)
Jun 1966 - Jun 1968 Reginald Marsh (b. 1906 - d. 2005)
Jun 1968 - Jul 1968 John Geoffrey Cowap (acting)
Jul 1968 - Aug 1972 Robert Nixon Dalkin (b. 1914)
Aug 1972 - 31 Aug 1975 Edward Thomas Pickerd (1st time) (b. 1917)
1 Sep 1975 - 31 May 1976 Charles Ivens Buffett (acting) (b. 1914 - d. 1995)
1 Jun 1976 - 4 Sep 1976 Edward Thomas Pickerd (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
4 Sep 1976 - 4 Sep 1979 Desmond Vincent O'Leary (b. ... - d. 1996)
5 Sep 1979 - 19 Mar 1981 Peter Coleman (b. 1928)
19 Mar 1981 - 10 May 1981 Ian Hutchinson (acting)
11 May 1981 - 27 Jan 1982 Thomas Ferguson Paterson (acting)
28 Jan 1982 - 28 Apr 1985 Raymond Edward Trebilco (b. 1926 - d. 1998)
29 Apr 1985 - 31 Dec 1988 John Alexander Matthew
31 Dec 1988 - 12 Apr 1989 William McFadyen Campbell (acting)
13 Apr 1989 - 12 Apr 1992 Bruce MacDonald
13 Apr 1992 - 30 Jun 1997 Alan Gardner Kerr
1 Jul 1997 - 3 Aug 1997 Ralph Alexander Condon (acting)
4 Aug 1997 - 30 Jul 2003 Tony Messner (b. 1939)
30 Jul 2003 - 1 Nov 2003 Michael Stephens (acting)
1 Nov 2003 - 8 Aug 2007 Grant Tambling (b. 1943)
8 Aug 2007 - Owen Walsh (acting to 2 Oct 2008) (b. 1963?)
Chief minister
10 Aug 1979 - 21 May 1986 David Ernest Buffett (1st time) (b. 1942)
Presidents of the Legislative Assembly
21 May 1986 - 22 May 1989 John Terence Brown (b. 1948)
22 May 1989 - 20 May 1992 David Ernest Buffett (s.a.)
Heads of government
20 May 1992 - 4 May 1994 John Terence Brown (s.a.)
4 May 1994 - 5 May 1997 Michael William King (b. 1948)
Chief ministers
5 May 1997 - 28 Feb 2000 George Charles Smith (b. 1948)
28 Feb 2000 - 5 Dec 2001 Ronald Coane Nobbs (b. 1938)
5 Dec 2001 - 2 Jun 2006 Geoffrey Robert Gardner (b. 1960?)
2 Jun 2006 - 28 Mar 2007 David Ernest Buffett (2nd time) (s.a.)
28 Mar 2007 - 24 Mar 2010 Andre Neville Nobbs
24 Mar 2010 - David Ernest Buffett (3rd time) (s.a.)
12 Feb 1899 sold to Germany by Spain; part of German New Guinea
(see under Papua New Guinea)
Oct 1914 Japanese occupation
17 Dec 1920 League of Nations mandate
Jun 1944 U.S. occupation
18 Jul 1947 part of the UN Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
(see under Micronesia, Federated States of)
9 Jan 1978 autonomy
4 Nov 1986 commonwealth status
10 Jul 1987 trust territory dissolved
22 Dec 1990 Security Council ratifies termination of trusteeship
Resident commissioner
1 Apr 1976 - 9 Jan 1978 Erwin D. Canham (b. 1904 - d. 1982)
Governors
9 Jan 1978 - 11 Jan 1982 Carlos S. Camacho (b. 1937)
11 Jan 1982 - 8 Jan 1990 Pedro P. Tenorio (1st time) (b. 1934)
8 Jan 1990 - 10 Jan 1994 Lorenzo I. De Leon Guerrero (b. 1935 - d. 2006)
10 Jan 1994 - 12 Jan 1998 Froilan C. Tenorio (b. 1939)
12 Jan 1998 - 14 Jan 2002 Pedro P. Tenorio (2nd time) (s.a.)
14 Jan 2002 - 9 Jan 2006 Juan N. Babauta (b. 1953)
9 Jan 2006 - Benigno R. Fitial (b. 1945)
4 Oct 2006 - 23 Dec 2006 Timothy P. Villagomez (b. 1962)
(acting for Fitial)
872 Kingdom of Norway
May 1380 personal union with Denmark
1536 Danish province
24 Jan 1814 end of union with Denmark
4 Nov 1814 - 7 Jun 1905 personal union with Sweden
9 Apr 1940 - 8 May 1945 German occupation (completed 7 Jun 1940; kingship
abolished by the Storting 28 Sep 1940, the name of
the polity then being simply Norway)
Kings (title Norges Konge)
- Oldenborg dynasty -
16 Feb 1814 - 3 Nov 1814 Christian Frederik (b. 1786 - d. 1848)
(regent to 19 May 1814)
12 Oct 1814 - 4 Nov 1814 Regency
- Marcus Gj�e Rosenkrantz (b. 1762 - d. 1838)
- Mathias Otto Leth Sommerhielm (b. 1764 - d. 1827)
- Jonas Collett (b. 1772 - d. 1851)
- Niels Aall (b. 1769 - d. 1854)
- Diderich Hegermann (b. 1763 - d. 1835)
- Thomas Fasting (b. 1769 - d. 1841)
- Holsten-Gottorp dynasty -
4 Nov 1814 - 5 Feb 1818 Karl II (b. 1748 - d. 1818)
- Bernadotte dynasty -
5 Feb 1818 - 8 Mar 1844 Karl III Johan (b. 1763 - d. 1844)
8 Mar 1844 - 8 Jul 1859 Oscar I (b. 1799 - d. 1859)
8 Jul 1859 - 18 Sep 1872 Karl IV (b. 1826 - d. 1872)
18 Sep 1872 - 7 Jun 1905 Oscar II (b. 1829 - d. 1907)
7 Jun 1905 - 25 Nov 1905 Christian Michelsen (b. 1857 - d. 1925)
(prime minister exercising royal authority)
- Gl�cksborg (in full Slesvig-Holsten-S�nderborg-Gl�cksborg) dynasty -
25 Nov 1905 - 21 Sep 1957 Haakon VII (b. 1872 - d. 1957)
(on flight in Norway 9 Apr - 7 Jun 1940;
in London exile 7 Jun 1940 - 7 Jun 1945)
25 Apr 1940 - 7 May 1945 Josef Terboven (b. 1898 - d. 1945)
(Reichskommissar)
7 May 1945 - 8 May 1945 Franz B�hme (b. 1894 - d. 1947)
(acting Reichskommissar)
8 May 1945 - 14 May 1945 Paal Berg (acting for Haakon) (b. 1873 - d. 1968)
14 May 1945 - 7 Jun 1945 Crown Prince Olav (regent) (b. 1903 - d. 1991)
19 Jun 1955 - 21 Sep 1957 Crown Prince Olav (regent) (s.a.)
21 Sep 1957 - 17 Jan 1991 Olav V (s.a.)
Jun 1990 - 17 Jan 1991 Crown Prince Harald (regent) (b. 1937)
17 Jan 1991 - Harald V (s.a.)
25 Nov 2003 - 13 Apr 2004 Crown Prince Haakon (regent) (b. 1973)
29 Mar 2005 - 7 Jun 2005 Crown Prince Haakon (regent) (s.a.)
Governors-general (stattholder)
11 Nov 1814 - 21 Jun 1816 Greve Hans Henrik von Essen (b. 1755 - d. 1824)
21 Jun 1816 - 5 Aug 1816 Crown Prince Karl Johan (viceroy) (s.a.)
5 Aug 1816 - 10 Oct 1818 Greve Carl Carlsson M�rner (b. 1755 - d. 1821)
10 Oct 1818 - 12 Feb 1824 Greve Johan August Sandels
(1st time) (b. 1764 - d. 1831)
12 Feb 1824 - 21 Oct 1824 Crown Prince Oscar (1st time) (s.a.)
(viceroy)
21 Oct 1824 - 26 Nov 1827 Greve Johan August Sandels
(2nd time) (s.a.)
26 Nov 1827 - 6 Dec 1829 Greve Baltzar Bogislaus von Platen (b. 1766 - d. 1829)
6 Dec 1829 - 20 Jul 1833 Jonas Collett (1st time) (s.a.)
20 Jul 1833 - 3 Sep 1833 Crown Prince Oscar (2nd time) (s.a.)
(viceroy)
3 Sep 1833 - 19 Sep 1836 Jonas Collett (2nd time) (s.a.)
19 Sep 1836 - 27 Aug 1840 Greve Johan Caspar Herman Wedel
Jarlsberg (b. 1779 - d. 1840)
27 Aug 1840 - 27 Feb 1841 Nicolay Johan Lohmann Krog (b. 1787 - d. 1856)
27 Feb 1841 - 17 May 1856 Severin L�venskiold (b. 1777 - d. 1856)
21 May 1856 - 11 Nov 1856 Crown Prince Karl (1st time) (s.a.)
(viceroy)
11 Nov 1856 - 12 Jan 1857 J�rgen Herman Vogt (1st time) (b. 1784 - d. 1862)
12 Jan 1857 - 30 May 1857 Crown Prince Karl (2nd time) (s.a.)
(viceroy)
30 May 1857 - 8 Dec 1858 J�rgen Herman Vogt (2nd time) (s.a.)
8 Dec 1858 - 17 Dec 1861 Hans Christian Petersen (b. 1793 - d. 1862)
17 Dec 1861 - 21 Jul 1873 Frederik Stang (b. 1808 - d. 1884)
Prime ministers
21 Jul 1873 - 1 Nov 1880 Frederik Stang (s.a.)
1 Nov 1880 - 3 Apr 1884 Christian August Selmer (b. 1816 - d. 1889)
3 Apr 1884 - 26 Jun 1884 Christian Homann Schweigaard (b. 1838 - d. 1899)
26 Jun 1884 - 13 Jul 1889 Johan Sverdrup (b. 1816 - d. 1892)
13 Jul 1889 - 6 Mar 1891 Emil Stang (1st time) (b. 1834 - d. 1907)
6 Mar 1891 - 2 May 1893 Johannes Wilhelm Christian Steen
(1st time) (b. 1827 - d. 1906)
2 May 1893 - 14 Oct 1895 Emil Stang (2nd time) (s.a.)
14 Oct 1895 - 17 Feb 1898 Georg Francis Hagerup (1st time) (b. 1853 - d. 1921)
17 Feb 1898 - 21 Apr 1902 Johannes Wilhelm Christian Steen
(2nd time) (s.a.)
21 Apr 1902 - 22 Oct 1903 Otto Albert Blehr (1st time) (b. 1847 - d. 1927)
22 Oct 1903 - 11 Mar 1905 Georg Francis Hagerup (2nd time) (s.a.)
11 Mar 1905 - 23 Oct 1907 Christian Michelsen (s.a.)
23 Oct 1907 - 19 Mar 1908 J�rgen Gunnarson L�vland (b. 1848 - d. 1922)
19 Mar 1908 - 2 Feb 1910 Gunnar Knudsen (1st time) (b. 1848 - d. 1928)
2 Feb 1910 - 20 Feb 1912 Wollert Konow (b. 1847 - d. 1932)
20 Feb 1912 - 31 Jan 1913 Jens Kristian Meinich Bratlie (b. 1856 - d. 1939)
31 Jan 1913 - 21 Jun 1920 Gunnar Knudsen (2nd time) (s.a.)
21 Jun 1920 - 22 Jun 1921 Otto Bahr Halvorsen (1st time) (b. 1872 - d. 1923)
22 Jun 1921 - 6 Mar 1923 Otto Albert Blehr (2nd time) (s.a.)
6 Mar 1923 - 23 May 1923 Otto Bahr Halvorsen (2nd time) (s.a.)
24 Mar 1923 - 30 May 1923 Christian Fredrik Michelet (b. 1863 - d. 1927)
(acting [for Halvorsen to 23 May 1923])
30 May 1923 - 25 Jul 1924 Abraham Theodor Berge (b. 1851 - d. 1936)
25 Jul 1924 - 5 Mar 1926 Johan Ludwig Mowinckel (1st time) (b. 1870 - d. 1943)
5 Mar 1926 - 28 Jan 1928 Ivar Lykke (b. 1872 - d. 1949)
28 Jan 1928 - 15 Feb 1928 Christopher Hornsrud (b. 1859 - d. 1960)
15 Feb 1928 - 12 May 1931 Johan Ludwig Mowinckel (2nd time) (s.a.)
12 May 1931 - 5 Mar 1932 Peder Ludvik Kolstad (b. 1878 - d. 1932)
1 Feb 1932 - 29 Feb 1932 Birger Braadland (b. 1879 - d. 1966)
(acting for Kolstad)
29 Feb 1932 - 10 Mar 1932 Nils Tr�dal (b. 1879 - d. 1948)
(acting [for Kolstad to 5 Mar 1932])
10 Mar 1932 - 14 Mar 1932 Birger Braadland (acting) (s.a.)
14 Mar 1932 - 3 Mar 1933 Jens Hundseid (b. 1883 - d. 1965)
3 Mar 1933 - 20 Mar 1935 Johan Ludwig Mowinckel (3rd time) (s.a.)
20 Mar 1935 - 25 Jun 1945 Johan Nygaardsvold (b. 1879 - d. 1952)
(on flight in Norway 9 Apr - 7 Jun 1940;
in London exile 7 Jun 1940 - 31 May 1945)
9 Apr 1940 - 15 Apr 1940 Vidkun Quisling (1st time) (b. 1887 - d. 1945)
(in rebellion)
15 Apr 1940 - 25 Sep 1940 Ingolf E. Christensen (b. 1872 - d. 1943)
(chairman Administration Council)
25 Sep 1940 - 1 Feb 1942 Acting councillors of state
(from 25 Sep 1941, ministers)
- Kjeld Irgens (b. 1879 - d. 1963)
- Ragnar Skancke (b. 1890 - d. 1948)
- Erling Sandberg (b. 1879 - d. 1956)
- Sigurd Johannessen (b. 1881 - d. 1964)
- Albert Viljam Hagelin (b. 1882 - d. 1946)
- Tormod Hustad (b. 1889 - d. 1973)
- Thorstein Fretheim (b. 1886 - d. 1971)
- Jonas Lie (b. 1899 - d. 1945)
- Gulbrand Lunde (b. 1901 - d. 1942)
- Axel Stang (b. 1904 - d. 1974)
- �ystein Ravner (b. 1893 - d. 1975)
- Birger Meidell (b. 1882 - d. 1958)
(to 25 Sep 1941)
- Johan Lippestad (b. 1902 - d. 1961)
(from 25 Sep 1941)
- Sverre Riisn�s (b. 1897 - d. 1988)
1 Feb 1942 - 9 May 1945 Vidkun Quisling (2nd time) (s.a.)
(minister-president)
9 May 1945 - 14 May 1945 R�dmenn ("civil servants")
(acting for Nygaardsvold)
- Alv Helland (b. 1908 - d. 1976)
- Carl Platou (b. 1885 - d. 1956)
- Sverre Iversen (b. 1879 - d. 1967)
- Per Preben Prebensen (b. 1896 - d. 1961)
- Reidar T�nnesson (b. 1895 - d. 1963)
- Halvdan E. Stokke (b. 1900 - d. 1977)
- Egil Sundt (b. 1903 - d. 1950)
- Nikolai Schei (b. 1901 - d. 1985)
14 May 1945 - 31 May 1945 Oscar Fredrik Torp (b. 1893 - d. 1958)
(acting for Nygaardsvold)
25 Jun 1945 - 19 Nov 1951 Einar Henry Gerhardsen (1st time) (b. 1897 - d. 1987)
19 Nov 1951 - 22 Jan 1955 Oscar Fredrik Torp (s.a.)
22 Jan 1955 - 28 Aug 1963 Einar Henry Gerhardsen (2nd time) (s.a.)
28 Aug 1963 - 25 Sep 1963 John Lyng (b. 1905 - d. 1978)
25 Sep 1963 - 12 Oct 1965 Einar Henry Gerhardsen (3rd time) (s.a.)
12 Oct 1965 - 17 Mar 1971 Per Borten (b. 1913 - d. 2005)
17 Mar 1971 - 18 Oct 1972 Trygve Bratteli (1st time) (b. 1910 - d. 1984)
18 Oct 1972 - 16 Oct 1973 Lars Korvald (b. 1916 - d. 2006)
16 Oct 1973 - 15 Jan 1976 Trygve Bratteli (2nd time) (s.a.)
15 Jan 1976 - 4 Feb 1981 Odvar Nordli (b. 1927)
4 Feb 1981 - 14 Oct 1981 Gro Harlem Brundtland (f)
(1st time) (b. 1939)
14 Oct 1981 - 9 May 1986 K�re Willoch (b. 1928)
17 Apr 1984 - Jun 1984 Svenn Thorkild Stray (b. 1922)
(acting for Willoch)
9 May 1986 - 16 Oct 1989 Gro Harlem Brundtland (f)
(2nd time) (s.a.)
16 Oct 1989 - 3 Nov 1990 Jan Peder Syse (b. 1930 - d. 1997)
3 Nov 1990 - 25 Oct 1996 Gro Harlem Brundtland (f)
(3rd time) (s.a.)
25 Oct 1996 - 17 Oct 1997 Thorbj�rn Jagland (b. 1950)
17 Oct 1997 - 17 Mar 2000 Kjell Magne Bondevik (1st time) (b. 1947)
30 Aug 1998 - 23 Sep 1998 Anne Enger Lahnstein (f) (b. 1949)
(acting for Bondevik)
17 Mar 2000 - 19 Oct 2001 Jens Stoltenberg (1st time) (b. 1959)
19 Oct 2001 - 17 Oct 2005 Kjell Magne Bondevik (2nd time) (s.a.)
17 Oct 2005 - Jens Stoltenberg (2nd time) (s.a.)
9 Feb 1920 sovereignty awarded to Norway
14 Aug 1925 formal assumption of sovereignty by Norway
1941 - 14 May 1942 German occupation
Governors (sysselmenn)
1925 - 1935 Johannes Gerckens Bass�e (b. 1878 - d. 1962)
1935 - 1941 Wolmar Tycho Marlow
Military governors
1942 Ernst Ullring (1st time) (b. 1894 - d. 1953)
1942 Albert Tornerud (acting)
1942 - 1943 Ernst Ullring (2nd time) (s.a.)
1943 - 1944 Ove Roll Lund
1944 - 1945 Johannes Etterlid
Governors (sysselmenn)
1945 - 1956 H�kon Balstad
1956 - 1960 Odd Birketvedt
1960 - 1963 Finn Backer Midb�e (b. 1918)
1963 - 1967 Tollef Landsverk (b. 1920)
1967 - 1970 Stephen Stephensen (b. 1917)
1970 - 1974 Fredrik Beichmann (b. 1924)
1974 - 1978 Leif T. Eldring (1st time) (b. 1933 - d. 1994)
1978 - 1982 Jan S. Gr�ndahl (b. 1934)
1982 - 1986 Carl Alexander Wendt (b. 1923)
1986 - 1991 Leif T. Eldring (2nd time) (s.a.)
1991 - 1995 Odd Emil Blomdal (b. 1927)
1995 - 1998 Ann-Kristin Olsen (f) (b. 1945)
1998 - 2001 Morten Ruud (b. 1950)
2001 - Feb 2005 Odd Olsen Inger� (1st time) (b. 1950)
Feb 2005 - 1 Oct 2005 Sven Ole Fagern�s (acting) (b. 1945)
1 Oct 2005 - 15 Sep 2009 Per Sefland (b. 1949)
15 Sep 2009 - Odd Olsen Inger� (2nd time) (s.a.)
27 Feb 1930 formal annexation by Norway; administered by the governor
of Svalbard (s.a.)
1 Jan 1995 administered by the governor of Nordland county
1624 Imami rule restored
10 Jun 1749 Al �Bu Sa`id lineage accedes to Imamate
1784 while Imami rule continues, Muscat and Oman becomes a de
facto sovereign state under a secular Al �Bu Sa`idi ruler
6 Apr 1861 Zanzibar separated from Oman and style Sultan recognized
(though not immediately in domestic use) by U.K. mediation
3 Oct 1868 Imami rule briefly restored
Jan 1871 Sultanate of Muscat and Oman restored
20 Mar 1891 - 1971 informal British protectorate (under the chief political
resident of the Persian Gulf; see under Bahrain)
1913 - 1957 Imami government in the interior of Oman,
usually in opposition to the sultan's rule
9 Aug 1970 Sultanate of Oman
Imams
- Ya`ariba dynasty -
1692 - 15 Oct 1711 Sayf I ibn Sultan "Qayd al-Ard"
15 Oct 1711 - 1719 Sultan II ibn Sayf
1719 - Sep 1724 Sayf II ibn Sultan (1st time)
1719 - 1720 al-Muhanna ibn Sultan ibn Majid
(in dissidence)
14 Jun 1722 - 16 Mar 1723 Ya`rub ibn Bal`arab
(in dissidence)
- Banu Ghafir dynasty -
2 Oct 1724 - Mar 1728 Muhammad ibn Nasir
- Ya`ariba dynasty -
11 Apr 1728 - 1743 Sayf II ibn Sultan (2nd time)
1732 - 1738 Bal`arab ibn Himyar ibn Sultan
(1st time) (in dissidence)
Feb 1742 - 20 Jun 1743 Sultan III ibn Murshid ibn `Adi
(together with Sayf II)
1744 - 1748 Bal`arab ibn Himyar ibn Sultan
(2nd time)
- Al �Bu Sa`id dynasty -
10 Jun 1749 - 14 Dec 1783 Abu Hilal Ahmad ibn Sa`id (b. 1710 - d. 1783)
15 Dec 1783 - 1811 Sa`id ibn Ahmad (b. 17... - d. 1811)
Hamis (informally, from 1861, sultans)
- Al �Bu Sa`id dynasty -
1784 - 13 Mar 1792 Hamad ibn Sa`id (b. ... - d. 1792)
Mar 1792 - 14 Nov 1804 Sultan ibn Ahmad (b. 1745 - d. 1804)
20 Nov 1804 - 14 Sep 1806 Salim ibn Sultan (b. 1789 - d. 1821)
(jointly with following)
20 Nov 1804 - 19 Oct 1856 Sa`id ibn Sultan (b. 1790 - d. 1856)
1804 - 31 Jul 1806 Badr ibn Sayf (regent) (b. ... - d. 1806)
19 Oct 1856 - 11 Feb 1866 Thuwayni ibn Sa`id (b. c.1821 - d. 1866)
11 Feb 1866 - 1 Oct 1868 Salim ibn Thuwayni (b. 18... - d. 1876)
Imam
- Al �Bu Sa`id dynasty -
3 Oct 1868 - 30 Jan 1871 `Azzan ibn Qays (b. ... - d. 1871)
Sultans
- Al �Bu Sa`id dynasty -
30 Jan 1871 - 4 Jun 1888 Turki ibn Sa`id (b. 1832 - d. 1888)
4 Jun 1888 - 5 Oct 1913 Faysal ibn Turki (b. 1864 - d. 1913)
9 Oct 1913 - 10 Feb 1932 Taimur ibn Faysal (b. 1886 - d. 1965)
10 Feb 1932 - 23 Jul 1970 Sa`id ibn Taimur (b. 1910 - d. 1972)
23 Jul 1970 - Qabus ibn Sa`id (b. 1940)
Imams
24 May 1913 - 23 Jul 1920 Salim ibn Rashid al-Kharusi (b. ... - d. 1920)
30 Jul 1920 - May 1954 Abu `Abd Allah Muhammad ibn
`Abd Allah al-Khalili al-Kharusi (b. 1885? - d. 1954)
May 1954 - 26 Sep 1955 Ghalib ibn `Ali al-Hinai
(1st time) (b. 1919? - d. 2009)
Jul 1957 - 11 Aug 1957 Ghalib ibn `Ali al-Hinai
(2nd time) (s.a.)
Prime ministers
14 Aug 1970 - 2 Jan 1972 Tariq ibn Taimur (b. 1921 - d. 1980)
2 Jan 1972 - Qabus ibn Sa`id (s.a.)
British political agents
May 1861 - Feb 1862 William M. Pengelley (b. 1812 - d. 1894)
Feb 1862 - Oct 1862 M. Green
Jan 1863 - Feb 1867 Herbert Disbrowe (1st time)
Mar 1867 - Feb 1869 G.A. Atkinson (acting)
Feb 1869 - 8 Jan 1870 Herbert Disbrowe (2nd time)
8 Jan 1870 - 1 May 1871 A. Cotton Way (b. ... - d. 1871)
8 May 1871 - 14 Dec 1872 Edward Charles Ross (b. 1836 - d. 1912)
30 Dec 1872 - 7 Jun 1877 Samuel Barret Miles (1st time)
7 Jun 1877 - 4 Jan 1878 P.J.C. Robertson (acting)
4 Jan 1878 - 14 Jun 1879 Samuel Barret Miles (2nd time)
16 Jul 1879 - 2 Jan 1880 Charles Bean Euan-Smith (b. 1841 - d. 1910)
16 Aug 1881 - 22 Mar 1883 Charles Grant (b. 1836 - d. 1903)
20 Apr 1883 - 17 Sep 1883 Edward Mockler (1st time)
20 Sep 1883 - 2 Apr 1886 Samuel Barret Miles (3rd time)
2 Apr 1886 - 25 Oct 1886 Edward Mockler (2nd time)
1 Nov 1886 - 16 Apr 1887 Samuel Barret Miles (4th time)
16 Apr 1887 - 2 Mar 1889 Edward Mockler (3rd time)
2 Mar 1889 - 30 Mar 1889 A.S. Jayakar (1st time) (acting)
31 Mar 1889 - 15 Dec 1889 Wallace Christopher Ramsay
Stratton (acting) (b. 1862 - d. 1942)
16 Dec 1889 - 29 Mar 1890 Charles Edward Yate (b. 1849 - d. 1940)
29 Mar 1890 - 30 Nov 1890 A.S. Jayakar (2nd time) (acting)
1 Dec 1890 - 20 Mar 1891 Edward Mockler (4th time)
Consuls
20 Mar 1891 - 14 Oct 1891 Edward Mockler
14 Oct 1891 - 27 Nov 1892 A.S. Jayakar (1st time) (acting)
27 Nov 1892 - 19 Apr 1895 James Hayes Sadler (1st time) (b. 1851 - d. 1922)
19 Apr 1895 - 22 May 1895 A.S. Jayakar (2nd time) (acting)
23 May 1895 - 23 Nov 1895 John Frederick Whyte
24 Nov 1895 - 17 Apr 1896 James Hayes Sadler (2nd time) (s.a.)
17 Apr 1896 - 12 Jun 1897 F.A. Beville
12 Jun 1897 - 15 Sep 1897 A.S. Jayakar (3rd time) (acting)
16 Sep 1897 - 1 Oct 1899 Christopher George Forbes Fagan
1 Oct 1899 - 2 Jan 1904 Percy Cox (b. 1864 - d. 1937)
11 Jan 1904 - Jul 1906 William George Grey (1st time) (b. 1866 - d. 1953)
Jul 1906 - Nov 1906 William Henry Irvine Shakespear (b. 1878 - d. 1915)
(acting)
Nov 1906 - Apr 1908 William George Grey (2nd time) (s.a.)
Apr 1908 - Jul 1908 N. Scott (acting)
Jul 1908 - Nov 1908 Frank McConaghy
Nov 1908 - Apr 1910 Robert Erskine Holland (b. 1873 - d. 1965)
Apr 1910 - Apr 1911 Arthur Prescott Trevor (b. 1872 - d. 1930)
Apr 1911 - Mar 1914 Stuart George Knox (b. 1869 - d. 1956)
Mar 1914 - Oct 1915 Robert Arthur Edward Benn
Oct 1915 - 16 Jan 1916 Hugh Stewart (1st time) (b. 1872 - d. 1931)
16 Jan 1916 - 16 Feb 1916 Claude Tulloch Ducat (1st time)
17 Feb 1916 - 8 Mar 1916 Hugh Stewart (2nd time) (s.a.)
9 Mar 1916 - 14 Jun 1916 Claude Tulloch Ducat (2nd time)
15 Jun 1916 - 22 Jun 1916 A.R. Burton (acting)
23 Jun 1916 - 9 Oct 1916 Evelyn Berkeley Howell (b. 1877 - d. 1971)
10 Oct 1916 - 7 Nov 1916 A. King-Mason (acting)
8 Nov 1916 - 12 Oct 1917 Lionel Berkeley Holt Haworth
(1st time) (b. 1873 - d. 1951)
12 Oct 1917 - 30 Nov 1917 J.M. Brickman (acting)
1 Dec 1917 - 17 Oct 1919 Lionel Berkeley Holt Haworth
(2nd time) (s.a.)
17 Oct 1919 - 3 Mar 1920 Ronald Evelyn Leslie Wingate
(1st time) (b. 1889 - d. 1978)
3 Mar 1920 - 10 Apr 1920 M.J. Gazdar (acting)
11 Apr 1920 - Oct 1921 Ronald Evelyn Leslie Wingate
(2nd time) (s.a.)
Oct 1921 - Feb 1923 Maitland Easten Rae (b. 1880 - d. 19...)
Feb 1923 - Sep 1923 Ronald Evelyn Leslie Wingate
(3rd time) (s.a.)
Sep 1923 - 31 Oct 1924 Reginald Graham Hinde (b. 1887 - d. 1971)
31 Oct 1924 - 24 May 1925 Charles Gilbert Crosthwaite
(1st time) (b. 1878 - d. 1940)
24 May 1925 - 7 Oct 1925 Reginald George Evelyn William
Alban (1st time) (acting) (b. 1899)
8 Oct 1925 - 12 Feb 1926 Charles Gilbert Crosthwaite
(2nd time) (s.a.)
12 Feb 1926 - 9 Sep 1926 Cyril Charles Johnson Barrett (b. 1884 - d. 1933)
10 Sep 1926 - 22 Sep 1926 G.A. Richardson (acting)
23 Sep 1926 - 15 Jun 1930 George Patterson Murphy (b. 1883 - d. 1938)
15 Jun 1930 - 30 May 1931 Trenchard Craven William Fowle
(1st time) (b. 1884 - d. 1940)
30 May 1931 - 31 Oct 1931 Reginald George Evelyn William
Alban (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.)
1 Nov 1931 - 25 Jul 1932 Trenchard Craven William Fowle
(2nd time) (s.a.)
25 Jul 1932 - 13 Nov 1932 Reginald George Evelyn William
Alban (3rd time) (acting) (s.a.)
14 Nov 1932 - 23 Mar 1933 Claude Edward Urquhart Bremner
(1st time) (b. 1891 - d. 1965)
23 Mar 1933 - 16 Jun 1933 Reginald George Evelyn William
Alban (4th time) (acting) (s.a.)
17 Jun 1933 - 6 Jun 1935 Claude Edward Urquhart Bremner
(2nd time) (s.a.)
6 Jun 1935 - 26 Apr 1939 Ralph Ponsonby Watts (b. 1892 - d. 19...)
26 Apr 1939 - 3 Apr 1940 Tom Hickinbotham (1st time) (b. 1903 - d. 1983)
3 Apr 1940 - 26 Jul 1940 John Baron Howes (1st time) (b. 1907)
(acting)
27 Jul 1940 - 14 Aug 1941 Tom Hickinbotham (2nd time) (s.a.)
14 Aug 1941 - 22 Jan 1942 John Baron Howes (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
22 Jan 1942 - 22 May 1942 Reginald George Evelyn William
Alban (5th time) (acting) (s.a.)
23 May 1942 - 21 Sep 1943 Cornelius James Pelly (b. 1908 - d. 1985)
21 Sep 1943 - 31 Oct 1943 Richard Ernest Rowland Bird (b. 1912 - d. 1986)
1 Nov 1943 - 1 Nov 1944 Roy Douglas Metcalfe (b. 1909)
1 Nov 1944 - 22 Apr 1945 Arnold Crawshaw Galloway (b. 1901 - d. 1988)
22 Apr 1945 - 29 Nov 1945 Ralph Ingram Hallows (b. 1915)
1 Dec 1945 - 13 Jun 1947 Andrew Charles Stewart (1st time) (b. 1907 - d. 1979)
13 Jun 1947 - Aug 1947 J.E.H. Hudson
Aug 1947 - Aug 1948 Andrew Charles Stewart (2nd time) (s.a.)
Aug 1948 - Sep 1949 Randall Erskine Ellison (b. 1904 - d. 1984)
Consuls-general
Sep 1949 - Oct 1958 Frederick Charles Leslie Chauncy (b. 1904 - d. 1986)
Oct 1958 - May 1960 William Neve Monteith (b. 1915)
May 1960 - May 1963 John Fleetwood Stewart Phillips (b. 1917 - d. 1998)
May 1963 - Oct 1965 John Spenser Ritchie Duncan (b. 1921)
Oct 1965 - Sep 1969 Derrick Charles Carden (b. 1921)
Sep 1969 - 1971 David Gordon Crawford (b. 1928 - d. 1981)