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| Ground-Fighting |
Submission Techniques
All submission techniques - directed against the fingers, wrists, elbows, shoulders, neck and legs - are based on the following principles:
| Winging |
The joint of the blow is bent and then rotated at an uncomfortable and unnatural angle, and held in position to immobilize the attacker.
| Baring |
The joints are immobilized by forcing them against their natural range of motion. Particularly targeted at the arm as a unit, for submission holds.
| Pinning |
This involves immobilizing an attacker through the use of direct pressure down towards the ground. It may mean folding a wrist joint in its natural direction of motion to the point of pain, applying pressure to the back of a locked arm, or applying pressure with your knee to the opponent's head.
| Constricting |
The blood flow or air flow of the body is temporarily stopped through the application of pressure, resulting in the opponent struggling for air or slowly weakening (leading to loss of consciousness if prolonged). Often aimed at the neck, such techniques can also be applied to the legs and the torso (using one's own legs as scissors).
| Takedown Techniques |
There are three ways to takedown an opponent:
| Heaven - Displacing the Mass from Over the Base |
The martial artist uses grappling principles to manipulate the upper limbs, to break the opponent's balance. This is achieved by twisting or baring the opponent's upper limbs (fingers, wrists, elbows & neck).
| Earth - Removing the Base of Support |
The martial artist takes the opponent to the ground by pressuring, sweeping, tripping or reaping the opponent's legs out from underneath themselves.
| Man - Moving Own Body to Move Opponent's |
The martial artist attaches themselves to the opponent's upper body, then drops to the ground, or secures the opponent's legs and tackles them to the ground.
Once the opponent is downed, the martial artist uses grappling, striking & kicking skills to gain control.
Restraining Techniques
Restraints are grappling holds that allow the attacker and defender some mobility. They are used if you need to arrest and remove an attacker from a particular location. All restraining techniques - directed against the fingers, wrists, elbows and neck - are based on the following core techniques:
| Finger Lock |
The fingers are bared by pulling them against their natural direction of motion.
| Wrist Squeeze |
The wrist is folded and squeezed, applying pressure to the point of pain.
| Arm Bar |
The arm is stretched out straight, and pressure is applied against the elbow to lock the arm, often using leverage principles.
| Wing Lock |
The arm is bent and twisted so that pressure is applied to the elbow and shoulder.
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