Faeroe Islands - Falkland Islands - Fiji - Finland - France - French Guiana - French Polynesia - French Southern and Antarctic Lands |
1380 part of Denmark
1655 Danish king gives the islands as a feudal estate to the
von Gabel family
1709 Danish crown again takes possession
1720 administered as part of Iceland
1776 administered as part of Sj�lland county
1816 Faeroe Islands become separate county
1940 - 1945 British occupation
1 Apr 1948 self-government
Governor
1671 - 21 Jun 1708 Frederik von Gabel (b. 16... - d. 1708)
1709 - 1720 Committee
- J�rgen Kristian Klein (to 1715)
- Didrik Markussen (from 1715)
- Rasmus Juel
- Samuel Pedersen
Prefects of Sj�lland
1776 - 1787 Henrik Adam Brockenhuus (b. 1720 - d. 1803)
1787 - 1790 Gregers Kristian von Haxthausen (b. 1732 - d. 1802)
1790 - 1802 Johan Heinrich Knuth (b. 1746 - d. 1802)
1802 - 1810 Frederik Hauch (b. 1754 - d. 1839)
1810 - 1816 Verner Jasper Andreas Moltke (b. 1755 - d. 1835)
Prefects
1816 - 1825 Emilius Marius Georgius L�bner (b. 1766 - d. 1849)
1825 - 1830 Ludvig Christian Tillisch (b. 1797 - d. 1844)
1830 - 1837 Frederik Ferdinand Tillisch (b. 1801 - d. 1889)
1837 - 1849 Christian Pl�yen (b. 1803 - d. 1867)
1849 - 1862 Carl Emil Dahlerup (b. 1813 - d. 1890)
1862 - 1871 Peter Holten (b. 1816 - d. 1892)
1871 - 1885 Hannes Christian Steingrim Finsen (b. 1828 - d. 1892)
1885 - 1897 Lorens H�yer Buchwaldt (b. 1841 - d. 1933)
1897 - 1911 Christian B�rentsen (b. 1862 - d. 1944)
1911 - 1918 Svenning Krag Nielsen Rytter (b. 1875 - d. 1955)
1918 - 1920 Victor Stahlschmidth (b. 1884 - d. 1920)
1920 - 1929 Elias Olrik (b. 1885 - d. 1975)
1929 - 1936 Hjalmar Ringberg (b. 1889 - d. 1978)
1936 - 1945 Carl Aage Hilbert (b. 1899 - d. 1953)
1945 - 1948 Cai A. Vagn-Hansen (b. 1911 - d. 1990)
High commissioners
1948 - 1954 Cai A. Vagn-Hansen (s.a.)
1954 - 1961 Niels Elk�r-Hansen (b. 1915)
1961 - 1972 Mogens Wahl (b. 1918 - d. 1986)
1972 - 1981 Leif Groth (b. 1930 - d. 2009)
1981 - 1988 Niels Bentsen (b. 1936)
1988 - 1995 Bent Klinte (b. 1939)
1995 - 1 Nov 2001 Vibeke Larsen (f) (b. 1944)
1 Nov 2001 - 1 Aug 2005 Birgit Kleis (f) (b. 1956)
1 Aug 2005 - 1 Jan 2008 S�ren Christensen (b. 1940)
1 Jan 2008 - Dan M. Knudsen (b. 1962)
L�gmenn
1679 - 1706 J�han Hendrik Weyhe
1706 - 1755 S�mal P�tursson (b. ... - d. 1755)
1755 - 1769 Hanus J�kupsson Debes (b. 1723 - d. 1769)
1769 - 1772 Thorkild Fieldsted
1772 - 1786 Jacob Hveding
1786 - 1805 Johan Michael Lund (b. 1753 - d. 1824)
1805 - 1816 J�rgen Frants Hammershaimb (b. 1767 - d. 1820)
Prime ministers
12 May 1948 - 15 Dec 1950 Andrass Samuelsen (b. 1873 - d. 1954)
15 Dec 1950 - 9 Jan 1959 Kristian Djurhuus (1st time) (b. 1895 - d. 1984)
9 Jan 1959 - 4 Jan 1963 Peter Mohr Dam (1st time) (b. 1898 - d. 1968)
4 Jan 1963 - 12 Jan 1967 H�kun Djurhuus (b. 1908 - d. 1987)
12 Jan 1967 - 19 Nov 1968 Peter Mohr Dam (2nd time) (s.a.)
19 Nov 1968 - 12 Dec 1970 Kristian Djurhuus (2nd time) (s.a.)
12 Dec 1970 - 5 Jan 1981 Atli P. Dam (1st time) (b. 1932 - d. 2005)
5 Jan 1981 - 10 Jan 1985 Pauli Ellefsen (b. 1936)
10 Jan 1985 - 18 Jan 1989 Atli P. Dam (2nd time) (s.a.)
18 Jan 1989 - 15 Jan 1991 J�gvan Sundstein (b. 1933)
15 Jan 1991 - 18 Jan 1993 Atli P. Dam (3rd time) (s.a.)
18 Jan 1993 - 15 Sep 1994 Marita Petersen (f) (b. 1940 - d. 2001)
15 Sep 1994 - 15 May 1998 Edmund Joensen (b. 1944)
15 May 1998 - 3 Feb 2004 Anfinn Kallsberg (b. 1947)
3 Feb 2004 - 26 Sep 2008 J�annes Eidesgaard (b. 1951)
26 Sep 2008 - Kaj Leo Johannesen (b. 1964)
1764 French settlement on East Falkland
1766 British settlement on West Falkland
1 Apr 1767 French transfer their settlement to Spain
1774 British withdraw, but claim sovereignty over all Falklands
Feb 1811 Spanish withdraw
1820 Argentina claims sovereignty
1826 Argentine settlement founded
3 Jan 1833 British occupation
1892 British colony
2 Apr 1982 - 14 Jun 1982 Argentine occupation
Governors (to 1774 of East Falkland only)
5 Apr 1764 - 1 Apr 1767 Louis Antoine de Bougainville (b. 1729 - d. 1811)
2 Apr 1767 - 23 Jan 1773 Felipe Ru�z Puente
23 Jan 1773 - 5 Jan 1774 Domingo Chauri (interim) (b. 1722 - d. ...)
5 Jan 1774 - 1 Feb 1777 Francisco Gil de Taboada y Lemos (b. 1736 - d. 1809)
1 Feb 1777 - 22 Nov 1779 Ram�n de Carassa (interim)
22 Nov 1779 - 26 Feb 1781 Salvador de Medina
26 Feb 1781 - 1 Apr 1783 Jacinto de Altolaguirre (b. 1754 - d. 1787)
1 Apr 1783 - 28 Jun 1784 Fulgencio Montemayor
28 Jun 1784 - 15 May 1785 Agust�n Figueroa
15 May 1785 - 25 May 1786 Ram�n Clairac (1st time)
25 May 1786 - 15 May 1787 Pedro de Mesa y Castro (1st time)
15 May 1787 - 10 Apr 1788 Ram�n Clairac (2nd time)
10 Apr 1788 - 16 May 1789 Pedro de Mesa y Castro (2nd time)
16 May 1789 - 30 Jun 1790 Ram�n Clairac (3rd time)
30 Jun 1790 - 1 Mar 1791 Juan Jos� de Elizalde (1st time)
1 Mar 1791 - 1 Mar 1792 Pedro Pablo Sanguineto (1st time)
1 Mar 1792 - 1 Feb 1793 Juan Jos� de Elizalde (2nd time)
1 Feb 1793 - Apr 1794 Pedro Pablo Sanguineto (2nd time)
Apr 1794 - 15 Jun 1795 Jos� de Aldana y Ortega (1st time)
15 Jun 1795 - 15 Mar 1796 Pedro Pablo Sanguineto (3rd time)
15 Mar 1796 - 20 Feb 1797 Jos� de Aldana y Ortega (2nd time)
20 Feb 1797 - 17 Mar 1798 Luis de Medina y Torres (1st time)
17 Mar 1798 - Apr 1799 Francisco Xavier de Viana
(1st time) (b. 1764 - d. 1820)
Apr 1799 - 15 Mar 1800 Luis de Medina y Torres (2nd time)
15 Mar 1800 - 31 Mar 1801 Francisco Xavier de Viana
(2nd time) (s.a.)
31 Mar 1801 - 17 Mar 1802 Ram�n Fern�ndez de Villegas
17 Mar 1802 - Feb 1803 Bernardo Bonav�a (1st time)
Feb 1803 - 21 Mar 1804 Antonio Leal de Ibarra (1st time)
21 Mar 1804 - 21 Mar 1805 Bernardo Bonav�a (2nd time)
21 Mar 1805 - 20 Mar 1806 Antonio Leal de Ibarra (2nd time)
20 Mar 1806 - Aug 1808 Bernardo Bonav�a (3rd time)
Aug 1808 - Jan 1810 Gerardo Bordas
Jan 1810 - 13 Feb 1811 Pablo Guill�n
Argentine representatives
6 Nov 1820 - Apr 1821 David Jewett
May 1821 - Jun 1821 Guillermo Mason
2 Feb 1824 - Aug 1824 Pablo Areguati
Governors
30 Aug 1829 - 10 Sep 1832 Luis Vernet (b. 1791 - d. 1871)
Nov 1832 - 30 Nov 1832 Juan Esteban Francisco Mestivier (b. ... - d. 1832)
1832 - 3 Jan 1833 Jos� Mar�a Pinedo (b. 1795 - d. 1885)
Naval officers-in-charge
3 Jan 1833 - 1838 Henry Smith
1838 - 1839 Robert Lowcay
1839 - 1841 John Tyssen
Governors
1841 - 1848 Richard Clement Moody (b. 1813 - d. 1887)
(lieutenant governor to 1843)
1848 - 1855 George Rennie (b. 1802 - d. 1860)
1855 - 1862 Thomas Edward Laws Moore (b. 1819 - d. 1872)
1862 - 1866 James George Mackenzie
1866 - 1870 William Cleaver Francis Robinson (b. 1834 - d. 1897)
1870 - 1876 George Abbas Kooli D'Arcy (b. 1818? - d. 1885)
1876 - 1880 Jeremiah Thomas Fitzgerald
Callaghan (b. c.1830 - d. 1881)
6 Apr 1880 - 24 Jun 1880 Robert C. Packe (acting)
1880 - 1891 Thomas Kerr (b. 1818 - d. 1907)
28 Mar 1891 - 13 Apr 1891 Frederick Shedden Sanguinetti (b. 1847 - d. 1906)
(acting)
1891 - 1897 Sir Roger Tuckfield Goldsworthy (b. 1839 - d. 1900)
17 Apr 1897 - 20 Oct 1897 Fred Craigie Halkett (acting) (b. 1852 - d. 1899)
1897 - 1904 William Grey-Wilson (b. 1852 - d. 1926)
22 Jun 1904 - 1 Sep 1904 William Hart Bennett (acting) (b. 1861 - d. 1918)
1904 - 1915 William Lamond Allardyce (b. 1861 - d. 1930)
2 Apr 1915 - 15 May 1915 C.F. Condell (acting) (b. 1865 - d. 1922)
1915 - 1920 William Douglas Young (from 1919,
Sir William Douglas Young) (b. 1859 - d. 1943)
1920 - 1927 John Middleton (from 1924,
Sir John Middleton) (b. 1870 - d. 1954)
1927 - 1931 Arnold Meinholt Hodgson
1931 - 1934 Sir James O'Grady (b. 1866 - d. 1934)
1935 - 1941 Herbert Henniker Heaton (b. 1880 - d. 1961)
1941 - 1946 Allan Wolsey Cardinall (from
1943, Sir Allan Wolsey Cardinall) (b. 1887 - d. 1956)
1946 - 1954 Geoffrey Miles Clifford (from
1949, Sir Geoffrey Miles Clifford) (b. 1897 - d. 1986)
1954 - 1957 Oswald Raynor Arthur (b. 1905 - d. 1973)
1957 - 1964 Edwin Porter Arrowsmith (from
1959, Sir Edwin Porter Arrowsmith) (b. 1909 - d. 1992)
1964 - 1970 Cosmo Dugal Patrick Thomas Haskard
(from 1965, Sir Cosmo Dugal
Patrick Thomas Haskard) (b. 1916)
1971 - 1975 Ernest Gordon Lewis (b. 1918 - d. 2006)
1975 - Jan 1977 Neville Arthur Irwin French (b. 1920 - d. 1996)
Jan 1977 - 1980 James Roland Walter Parker (b. 1919 - d. 2009)
1980 - 2 Apr 1982 Rex Hunt (1st time) (b. 1926)
3 Apr 1982 - 14 Jun 1982 Mario Benjam�n Men�ndez (b. 1930)
(Argentine military governor)
14 Jun 1982 - 25 Jun 1982 Jeremy Moore (b. 1928 - d. 2007)
(commander of British forces)
25 Jun 1982 - 16 Oct 1985 Rex Hunt (from 11 Oct 1982,
Sir Rex Hunt) (2nd time) (s.a.)
(civil commissioner)
16 Oct 1985 - 1988 Gordon Wesley Jewkes (b. 1931)
1988 - 1992 William H. Fullerton (b. 1939)
Aug 1992 - Dec 1995 David E. Tatham (b. 1939)
8 Jan 1996 - 1999 Richard Ralph (b. 1946)
12 May 1999 - 23 Nov 2002 Donald Lamont (b. 1947)
23 Nov 2002 - 3 Dec 2002 Russ Jarvis (acting)
3 Dec 2002 - 5 Aug 2006 Howard Pearce (b. 1949)
5 Aug 2006 - 28 Aug 2006 Harriet Hall (f) (acting)
28 Aug 2006 - Alan Huckle (b. 1948)
Naval officers-in-charge 8 Jan 1766 - Jan 1767 John McBride (b. ... - d. 1800) Jan 1767 - May 1770 Anthony Hunt May 1770 - 10 Jun 1770 George Farmer 16 Apr 1771 - Sep 1771 John Scott Sep 1771 - Mar 1773 John Burr Mar 1773 - 20 May 1774 Samuel Wittewrong Clayton
1865 Confederacy of Independent Kingdoms of Viti
(comprising Bau, Bua, Cakaudrove, Lakeba, Macuata, Naduri)
1867 split into Kingdom of Bau and Confederation of Lau
(comprising Bua, Cakaudrove, Lau)
1871 Kingdom of Viti (Fiji)
10 Oct 1874 British colony
10 Oct 1970 independence
7 Oct 1987 Republic of Fiji declared (accepted by Britain 15 Oct 1987)
25 Jul 1990 Sovereign Democratic Republic of Fiji
27 Jul 1998 Republic of the Fiji Islands
Rulers (styled Vunivalu)
17.. - 1770 Naulatikau
1770 - Feb 1803 Banuve (b. ... - d. 1803)
21 Feb 1803 - 1829 Naulivou (b. ... - d. 1829)
1829 - 1832 Tanoa Visawaqa (1st time) (b. ... - d. 1852)
1832 - 1837 Navuaka Komainaqaranikula
Tui Veikoso
Aug 1837 - 8 Dec 1852 Tanoa Visawaqa (2nd time) (s.a.)
8 Dec 1852 - 10 Oct 1874 Seru Cakobau (from 1857,
Seru Epenisa Cakobau) (b. 1815 - d. 1883)
Rulers (styled Tui Bua)
*1800* Rawaike
18.. - 1847 Ra Masima (b. ... - d. 1847)
1847 - 1848 Batinamu (b. ... - d. 1848)
1848 - 18.. Tamavunisa Peter
18.. - 10 Oct 1874 George Vakawalitabua, Ra Masima
Rulers (styled Tui Cakau)
1845 Lalabalavu Tui Kilakila (1st time) (b. ... - d. 1854)
1845 - 18.. Ralulu
18.. - 1854 Lalabalavu Tui Kilakila (2nd time) (s.a.)
1854 - 1862 Raivalita
1862 - 10 Oct 1874 Qoleanavanua (b. ... - d. 1879)
Rulers (styled Roko Sau and, after a year or more of rule, Tui Nayau)
- Navuanirewa dynasty -
... - ... Niumataiwalu
... - ... Uluilakeba I
... - ... Lubati Lakeba
... - ... Rasolo
... - ... Dranivia
... - ... Matawalu
... - 1833 Malani (b. ... - d. 1833)
1833 - 18.. Taltai Tupou
18.. - 18.. Uluilakeba II
18.. - 10 Oct 1874 Eroni Loganimoce
Rulers (styled Tui Macuata)
... - 1841 Mamaca (b. ... - d. 1841)
1841 Roqiqi (b. ... - d. 1841)
1841 Gigi (b. ... - d. 1841)
1841 - 1859 Bonaveidogo
1859 - 1861 Bete (b. ... - d. 1861)
1861 - 10 Oct 1874 Ritova (b. ... - d. 1875)
Rulers (styled Tui Dreketi)
1825 - 1839 Roko Tabaivalu (b. ... - d. 1839)
1839 Koroitamana (b. ... - d. 1839)
1839 - 2 Oct 1839 Bativuaka (b. ... - d. 1839)
1839 Macanavai (b. ... - d. 1839)
1839 - 1841 Cokanauto (1st time) (b. c.1810 - d. 1851)
jointly with
1839 - 1840 Qaraniqio (1st time) (b. ... - d. 1855)
and jointly with
1839 - 1846 Banuve (b. ... - d. 1846)
1846 - 1851 Cokanauto (2nd time) (s.a.)
1851 - 26 Jan 1855 Qaraniqio (2nd time) (s.a.)
1855 - 18.. vacant
18.. - 10 Oct 1874 B.V. Rabici
President of the General Assembly
1865 - 1867 Seru Epenisa Cakobau (s.a.)
King 2 May 1867 - 1869 Seru Epenisa Cakobau (s.a.)
Chieftains Supreme
13 Feb 1867 - 1869 Qoleanavanua (b. ... - d. 1879)
1869 - 1871 Enele Ma'afu'otu'itoga (b. 1816 - d. 1881)
King 5 Jun 1871 - 10 Oct 1874 Seru Epenisa Cakobau (s.a.)
Premiers Jun 1871 - May 1872 Sydney C. Burt May 1872 - 23 Mar 1874 George Austin Woods (b. ... - d. 1905) 23 Mar 1874 - 10 Oct 1874 John Bates Thurston (acting) (b. 1836 - d. 1897)
Governors (1877 - 3 Jul 1952 also high commissioners for the Western Pacific)
10 Oct 1874 - Jun 1875 Sir Hercules Robinson (b. 1824 - d. 1897)
Jun 1875 - Jan 1880 Sir Arthur Charles Hamilton-Gordon (b. 1829 - d. 1912)
Jan 1880 - 1886 William Des Voeux (from 1883,
Sir William Des Voeux) (b. 1834 - d. 1909)
Jan 1887 - Feb 1888 Sir Charles Bullen Hugh Mitchell (b. 1836 - d. 1899)
Feb 1888 - 7 Feb 1897 Sir John Bates Thurston (s.a.)
Mar 1897 - 1901 Sir George Thomas Michael O'Brien (b. 1844 - d. 1906)
1901 - 10 Sep 1902 William Lamond Allardyce (acting) (b. 1861 - d. 1930)
10 Sep 1902 - 11 Oct 1904 Sir Henry Moore Jackson (b. 1849 - d. 1908)
11 Oct 1904 - 21 Feb 1911 Sir Everard F. im Thurn (b. 1852 - d. 1932)
21 Feb 1911 - 25 Jul 1912 Sir Francis Henry May (b. 1860 - d. 1922)
25 Jul 1912 - 10 Oct 1918 Sir Ernest Bickham Sweet-Escott (b. 1857 - d. 1941)
10 Oct 1918 - 25 Apr 1925 Cecil Hunter-Rodwell (from 1919,
Sir Cecil Hunter-Rodwell) (b. 1874 - d. 1953)
25 Apr 1925 - 22 Nov 1929 Sir Eyre Hutson (b. 1864 - d. 1936)
22 Nov 1929 - 28 Nov 1936 Sir Arthur George Murchison
Fletcher (b. 1878 - d. 1954)
28 Nov 1936 - Aug 1938 Sir Arthur Frederick Richards (b. 1885 - d. 1978)
16 Sep 1938 - 21 Jul 1942 Sir Harry Charles Luke (b. 1884 - d. 1969)
21 Jul 1942 - 1 Jan 1945 Sir Philip Euen Mitchell (b. 1890 - d. 1964)
1 Jan 1945 - 1946 Sir Alexander Grantham (b. 1899 - d. 1978)
20 Jan 1948 - 6 Oct 1952 Sir Leslie Brian Freeston (b. 1892 - d. 1958)
6 Oct 1952 - 28 Oct 1958 Sir Ronald Herbert Garvey (b. 1903 - d. 1991)
28 Oct 1958 - 6 Jan 1964 Sir Kenneth Phipson Maddocks (b. 1907 - d. 2001)
6 Jan 1964 - Dec 1968 Sir Francis Derek Jakeway (b. 1915 - d. 1993)
Dec 1968 - 10 Oct 1970 Sir Robert Sidney Foster (b. 1913 - d. 2005)
Governors-general (representing the British monarch as head of state)
10 Oct 1970 - 13 Jan 1973 Sir Robert Sidney Foster (s.a.)
13 Jan 1973 - 12 Feb 1983 Ratu Sir George Cakobau (b. 1912 - d. 1989)
12 Feb 1983 - 6 Oct 1987 Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau (b. 1918 - d. 1993)
Head of the Interim Military Government
7 Oct 1987 - 5 Dec 1987 Sitiveni Rabuka (b. 1948)
Presidents
5 Dec 1987 - 15 Dec 1993 Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau (s.a.)
16 Dec 1993 - 29 May 2000 Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara (b. 1920 - d. 2004)
(acting to 18 Jan 1994)
Head of the Interim Military Government
29 May 2000 - 18 Jul 2000 Voreqe Bainimarama (b. 1954)
Presidents
18 Jul 2000 - Sep 2009 Ratu Josefa Iloilo (b. 1920)
(interim to 15 Mar 2001)
5 Dec 2006 - 4 Jan 2007 Voreqe Bainimarama (s.a.)
(acting for Iloilo)
30 Jul 2009 - Ratu Epeli Nailatikau (b. 1941)
(acting [for Iloilo to Sep 2009] to 5 Nov 2009)
Chief minister
Sep 1967 - 10 Oct 1970 Ratu Kamisese Mara (from 1969,
Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara) (s.a.)
Prime ministers
10 Oct 1970 - 13 Apr 1987 Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara (1st time) (s.a.)
13 Apr 1987 - 14 May 1987 Timoci Bavadra (b. 1934 - d. 1989)
5 Dec 1987 - 2 Jun 1992 Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara (2nd time) (s.a.)
2 Jun 1992 - 19 May 1999 Sitiveni Rabuka (s.a.)
19 May 1999 - 27 May 2000 Mahendra Chaudhry (b. 1942)
4 Jul 2000 - 14 Mar 2001 Laisenia Qarase (1st time) (b. 1941)
(interim)
14 Mar 2001 - 16 Mar 2001 Ratu Tevita Momoedonu
16 Mar 2001 - 5 Dec 2006 Laisenia Qarase (2nd time) (s.a.)
(interim to 10 Sep 2001)
6 Dec 2006 - 5 Jan 2007 Jona Senilagakali (interim) (b. 1929)
5 Jan 2007 - 9 Apr 2009 Voreqe Bainimarama (1st time) (s.a.)
(interim)
11 Apr 2009 - Voreqe Bainimarama (2nd time) (s.a.)
(interim)
13 May 1881 part of Fiji
Head chiefs (styled fakpure)
... - ... Raho
... - ... Tokaniua
... - ... Fuge
... - ... Kaurfonua
... - ... Safoak
... - ... Savoiat
... - ... Olil
... - ... Fer
... - ... Tuipurotu
... - ... Tokaniua
... - ... Tuitafaga
... - ... Irava
c.1829 Konao
c.1838 Solovalu
c.1839 Riamkau
c.1852 Kausiliafe
c.1858 Riamkau
c.1862 Malafu
Spiritual chiefs (styled mua)
... - ... Lapatemasui
... - ... Tuitupu
... - ... Saparere
... - ... Mameata
... - ... Muatoirere
... - ... Ipiuri
... - ... Ifituga
... - ... Fisaitu
... - ... Niua
... - ... Saurotuma
... - ... Tafaki
... - ... Muamea
... - ... Tukumasui
Spiritual chiefs (styled sau)
... - ... Sauhani
... - ... Kaurifanua
... - ... Riamkau
... - ... Kaufose
... - ... Taio
... - ... Fonomanu
... - ... Varomua
... - ... Tiu
... - ... Marafu-Kauat
... - ... Irava
... - ... Tokoara
... - ... Asesekava
... - ... Mariseu
... - ... Sakanane
... - ... Tausia
... - ... Sautupuak
... - ... Paka
... - ... Ravak
... - ... Tokoniua
... - ... Titofag
... - ... Irava
... - ... Ravak
... - ... Tua-Oajo
c.1820 Gagafag
c.1825 Fatafesi
c.1829 Fatenefau
c.1833 Vuna
c.1838 Fatafesi
c.1838 Tamanava
c.1839 Solovalu
c.1839 Riamkau
c.1839 Tirasoko
c.1840 Otorovao
c.1841 Ragafua
c.1843 Vaurasi
c.1843 Vavaoti
c.1845 Ufat
c.1845 Patipat vavahina
c.1845 Furisefaua
c.1845 Tirotorava
c.1846 Marafu
c.1846 Pogisemose
c.1846 Tarupea
c.1846 Sukamaso
c.1847 Mua
c.1847 Kausirafe
c.1847 Toporotu
c.1848 Tokaniua
c.1849 Garagasau
c.1850 Fakarufono
c.1850 Matagatage
c.1851 Manava
c.1851 Sokagatau
c.1851 Vavaoti
c.1851 Tavao
c.1852 Vaimanoko
c.1852 Katoagatau
c.1854 Kautane
c.1855 Fonogarotoi
c.1856 Tiporotu
c.1857 Fonmanu
c.1858 Tiu
c.1858 Sarsartau
c.1859 Taipo
c.1859 Kauika
c.1860 Faoriro
c.1860 Farapapau
c.1860 Saurorota
c.1860 Ufamarata
c.1862 Sarasortau
c.1862 Teau
c.1864 Ufagatau
c.1865 Kavasakamua
c.1865 Saurativa
c.1865 Fotoafuru
c.1865 Fonomanu
c.1866 Jimi
c.1866 Varea
c.1866 Ravak
c.1866 Maraa
c.1867 Fonomanu
c.1867 Vasea
c.1867 Tavo
c.1867 Sokagaitu
c.1868 Ragafua
c.1868 Irava
c.1868 Hanifiro-Asoatemuri
c.1868 Tuipenau
c.1869 Tigarea
c.1869 Vasea
c.1869 Maraia
c.1869 - 1870 Suakamasa
12.. part of Sweden
1581 Grand Duchy of Finland (subject to, and from 1772
in nominal personal union with, Sweden)
29 Mar 1809 personal union with Russia (transfer from Sweden to Russia
ratified in peace treaty 17 Sep 1809)
6 Dec 1917 formal declaration of independence
17 Jul 1919 Republic of Finland
Grand dukes (the emperors of Russia)�
- Romanov (Holstein-Gottorp) dynasty -
29 Mar 1809 - 1 Dec 1825 Alexander I (b. 1777 - d. 1825)
1 Dec 1825 - 26 Dec 1825 Konstantin (b. 1779 - d. 1831)
(proclaimed, but did not accept)
26 Dec 1825 - 2 Mar 1855 Nikolai I (b. 1796 - d. 1855)
2 Mar 1855 - 13 Mar 1881 Alexander II (b. 1818 - d. 1881)
13 Mar 1881 - 1 Nov 1894 Alexander III (b. 1845 - d. 1894)
1 Nov 1894 - 15 Mar 1917 Nikolai II (b. 1868 - d. 1918)
15 Mar 1917 - 7 Nov 1917 Russian provisional government
exercising grand-ducal authority
Governors-general�
1 Dec 1808 - 17 Jun 1809 G�ran Magnus Sprengtporten (b. 1740 - d. 1819)
17 Jun 1809 - 1 Feb 1810 Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly (b. 1761 - d. 1818)
3 Mar 1810 - 22 Mar 1824 Fabian Steinheil (b. 1762 - d. 1831)
Sep 1812 - Apr 1813 Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt (b. 1757 - d. 1814)
(acting for Steinheil)
28 Mar 1824 - 1 Dec 1831 Arsenij Andrejewitsch Zakrewsky (b. 1783 - d. 1865)
1 Dec 1831 - 8 Mar 1855 Alexander Sergejewitsch
Menschikoff (b. 1787 - d. 1869)
24 Apr 1833 - 1846 Alexander Amatus Thesleff (b. 1778 - d. 1847)
(acting intermittently for Menschikoff)
1848 - 1855 Platon Iwanowitsch Rokassowsky (b. 1800 - d. 1869)
(acting intermittently for Menschikoff)
8 Mar 1855 - 20 Nov 1861 Fredrik Wilhelm Rembert Berg (b. 1794 - d. 1874)
(acting for Menschikoff from 26 Jan 1855)
20 Nov 1861 - 1 May 1866 Platon Iwanowitsch Rokassowsky (s.a.)
5 Aug 1864 - 16 Oct 1864 Johan Mauritz Nordenstam (b. 1802 - d. 1882)
(acting for Rokassowsky)
1 May 1866 - 3 Jun 1881 Nikolai Wladimirowitsch Adlerberg (b. 1819 - d. 1892)
Acting for Adlerberg:
23 Jun 1866 - 21 Jul 1866 Bernhard Indrenius (1st time) (b. 1812 - d. 1884)
18 Jul 1867 - 18 Oct 1867 Bernhard Indrenius (2nd time) (s.a.)
20 Jul 1868 - 18 Oct 1868 Johan Mauritz Nordenstam
(1st time) (s.a.)
7 May 1870 - 11 Sep 1870 Johan Mauritz Nordenstam
(2nd time) (s.a.)
19 Nov 1872 - 24 Mar 1873 Johan Mauritz Nordenstam
(3rd time) (s.a.)
3 Jun 1881 - 13 Jan 1897 Feodor Logginovitsh Heiden (b. 1831 - d. 1900)
31 Jan 1897 - 29 Aug 1898 Stepan Osipovitsh Gontsharoff (b. 1831 - d. 1912)
(acting)
29 Aug 1898 - 17 Jun 1904 Nikolai Ivanovitsh Bobrikoff (b. 1839 - d. 1904)
18 Jun 1904 - 18 Aug 1904 Nikolai Matvejevitsh Turbin
(acting)
18 Aug 1904 - 18 Nov 1905 Ivan Mikailovitsh Obolenskij (b. 1853 - d. 1910)
18 Nov 1905 - 6 Dec 1905 Anton von Saltza (acting) (b. 1843 - d. 1916)
6 Dec 1905 - 2 Feb 1908 Nikolai Nikolajevitsh Gerard (b. 1839 - d. 1929)
2 Feb 1908 - 24 Nov 1909 Vladimir Aleksandrovitsh Boeckmann (b. 1848 - d. 1923)
24 Nov 1909 - 16 Mar 1917 Frans Albert Seyn (b. 1862 - d. 1918)
16 Mar 1917 - 19 Mar 1917 Adam Josifovitsh Lipskij (acting) (b. 1860 - d. ...)
19 Mar 1917 - 31 Mar 1917 Sergei Aleksandrovitsh Korff (b. 1876 - d. 1924)
(acting)
31 Mar 1917 - 17 Sep 1917 Mihail Aleksandrovitsh Stahovitsh (b. 1861 - d. 1923)
17 Sep 1917 - 7 Nov 1917 Nikolai Vissarionovitsh Nekrasov (b. 1879 - d. 1940)
Acting heads of state
7 Nov 1917 - 15 Nov 1917 Eemil Nestor Set�l� (b. 1864 - d. 1935)
(chief minister)
15 Nov 1917 - 28 Nov 1917 Otto Johannes Lundson (b. 1867 - d. 1939)
(Speaker of Diet)
28 Nov 1917 - 18 May 1918 Pehr Evind Svinhufvud (b. 1861 - d. 1944)
(chief minister)
State Protectors (usually referred to as Regents)�
18 May 1918 - 12 Dec 1918 Pehr Evind Svinhufvud (s.a.)
12 Dec 1918 - 27 Jul 1919 Carl Gustaf Mannerheim (b. 1867 - d. 1951)
Presidents
27 Jul 1919 - 1 Mar 1925 Kaarlo Juho St�hlberg (b. 1865 - d. 1952)
1 Mar 1925 - 1 Mar 1931 Lauri Kristian Relander (b. 1883 - d. 1942)
1 Mar 1931 - 1 Mar 1937 Pehr Evind Svinhufvud (s.a.)
1 Mar 1937 - 19 Dec 1940 Ky�sti Kallio (b. 1873 - d. 1940)
19 Dec 1940 - 4 Aug 1944 Risto Heikki Ryti (b. 1889 - d. 1956)
(acting to 21 Dec 1940)
4 Aug 1944 - 11 Mar 1946 Carl Gustaf Mannerheim (s.a.)
11 Mar 1946 - 1 Mar 1956 Juho Kusti Paasikivi (b. 1870 - d. 1956)
1 Mar 1956 - 27 Jan 1982 Urho Kekkonen (b. 1900 - d. 1986)
27 Jan 1982 - 1 Mar 1994 Mauno Koivisto (b. 1923)
(acting for Kekkonen 11 Sep 1981 - 27 Jan 1982)
1 Mar 1994 - 1 Mar 2000 Martti Ahtisaari (b. 1937)
1 Mar 2000 - Tarja Halonen (f) (b. 1943)
Chief ministers (vice chairmen of the Senate's Economy Department)
1 Oct 1822 - 1 Mar 1826 Carl Erik Mannerheim (b. 1759 - d. 1837)
12 Dec 1826 - 12 Jan 1828 Samuel Fredrik von Born (acting) (b. 1782 - d. 1850)
12 Jan 1828 - 10 Apr 1833 Anders Henrik Falck (b. 1772 - d. 1851)
10 Apr 1833 - 1 Oct 1841 Gustaf Hj�rne (b. 1768 - d. 1845)
1 Oct 1841 - 29 Apr 1858 Lars Gabriel von Haartman (b. 1789 - d. 1859)
29 Apr 1858 - 8 Jun 1882 Johan Mauritz Nordenstam (s.a.)
1 Oct 1882 - 1 Oct 1885 Edvard Gustaf af Forselles (b. 1817 - d. 1891)
1 Oct 1885 - 23 Nov 1891 Samuel Werner von Troil (b. 1833 - d. 1900)
23 Nov 1891 - 19 Oct 1900 Sten Carl Tudeer (b. 1840 - d. 1905)
19 Oct 1900 - 18 Jan 1905 Constantin Linder (b. 1836 - d. 1908)
29 Mar 1905 - 11 Nov 1905 Emil Streng (b. 1838 - d. 1911)
1 Dec 1905 - 1 Aug 1908 Leopold Henrik Stanislaus Mechelin (b. 1839 - d. 1914)
1 Aug 1908 - 23 Apr 1909 Edvard Immanuel Hjelt (b. 1855 - d. 1921)
1 May 1909 - 13 Nov 1909 August Johannes Hjelt (b. 1862 - d. 1919)
13 Nov 1909 - 21 Apr 1913 Wladimir Markoff (b. 1859 - d. 1919)
21 Apr 1913 - 16 Mar 1917 Mikael Borovitinoff (b. 1874 - d. 19...)
16 Mar 1917 - 26 Mar 1917 Andrei Wirenius (acting) (b. 1850 - d. 1919)
26 Mar 1917 - 17 Aug 1917 Oskari Tokoi (b. 1873 - d. 1963)
17 Aug 1917 - 27 Nov 1917 Eemil Nestor Set�l� (s.a.)
27 Nov 1917 - 27 May 1918 Pehr Evind Svinhufvud (1st time) (s.a.)
Prime ministers
27 May 1918 - 27 Nov 1918 Juho Kusti Paasikivi (1st time) (s.a.)
27 Nov 1918 - 17 Apr 1919 Lauri Johannes Ingman (1st time) (b. 1868 - d. 1934)
17 Apr 1919 - 15 Aug 1919 Kaarlo Castr�n (b. 1860 - d. 1938)
15 Aug 1919 - 15 Mar 1920 Juho Heikki Vennola (1st time) (b. 1872 - d. 1938)
15 Mar 1920 - 9 Apr 1921 Rafael Waldemar Erich (b. 1879 - d. 1946)
9 Apr 1921 - 2 Jun 1922 Juho Heikki Vennola (2nd time) (s.a.)
2 Jun 1922 - 14 Nov 1922 Aimo Kaarlo Cajander (1st time) (b. 1879 - d. 1943)
14 Nov 1922 - 18 Jan 1924 Ky�sti Kallio (1st time) (s.a.)
18 Jan 1924 - 31 May 1924 Aimo Kaarlo Cajander (2nd time) (s.a.)
31 May 1924 - 31 Mar 1925 Lauri Johannes Ingman (2nd time) (s.a.)
31 Mar 1925 - 31 Dec 1925 Antti Agaton Tulenheimo (b. 1879 - d. 1952)
31 Dec 1925 - 13 Dec 1926 Ky�sti Kallio (2nd time) (s.a.)
13 Dec 1926 - 17 Dec 1927 V�in� Tanner (b. 1881 - d. 1966)
17 Dec 1927 - 22 Dec 1928 Juho Emil Sunila (1st time) (b. 1875 - d. 1936)
22 Dec 1928 - 16 Aug 1929 Oskari Mantere (b. 1874 - d. 1942)
16 Aug 1929 - 4 Jul 1930 Ky�sti Kallio (3rd time) (s.a.)
4 Jul 1930 - 16 Feb 1931 Pehr Evind Svinhufvud (2nd time) (s.a.)
16 Feb 1931 - 21 Mar 1931 Juho Heikki Vennola (3rd time) (s.a.)
21 Mar 1931 - 14 Dec 1932 Juho Emil Sunila (2nd time) (s.a.)
14 Dec 1932 - 7 Oct 1936 Toivo Mikael Kivim�ki (b. 1886 - d. 1968)
7 Oct 1936 - 12 Mar 1937 Ky�sti Kallio (4th time) (s.a.)
12 Mar 1937 - 1 Dec 1939 Aimo Kaarlo Cajander (3rd time) (s.a.)
1 Dec 1939 - 21 Dec 1940 Risto Heikki Ryti (s.a.)
21 Dec 1940 - 3 Jan 1941 Rudolf Wald�n (acting) (b. 1878 - d. 1946)
3 Jan 1941 - 5 Mar 1943 Johan Wilhelm Rangell (b. 1894 - d. 1982)
5 Mar 1943 - 8 Aug 1944 Edwin Johan Hildegard Linkomies (b. 1894 - d. 1963)
8 Aug 1944 - 21 Sep 1944 Antti Verner Hackzell (b. 1881 - d. 1946)
21 Sep 1944 - 17 Nov 1944 Urho Jonas Castr�n (b. 1886 - d. 1965)
17 Nov 1944 - 26 Mar 1946 Juho Kusti Paasikivi (2nd time) (s.a.)
26 Mar 1946 - 29 Jul 1948 Mauno Pekkala (b. 1890 - d. 1952)
29 Jul 1948 - 17 Mar 1950 Karl August Fagerholm (1st time) (b. 1901 - d. 1984)
17 Mar 1950 - 17 Nov 1953 Urho Kekkonen (1st time) (s.a.)
17 Nov 1953 - 5 May 1954 Sakari Tuomioja (b. 1911 - d. 1964)
5 May 1954 - 20 Oct 1954 Ralf T�rngren (b. 1899 - d. 1961)
20 Oct 1954 - 3 Mar 1956 Urho Kekkonen (2nd time) (s.a.)
3 Mar 1956 - 27 May 1957 Karl August Fagerholm (2nd time) (s.a.)
27 May 1957 - 29 Nov 1957 Vieno Johannes Sukselainen
(1st time) (b. 1906 - d. 1995)
29 Nov 1957 - 26 Apr 1958 Rainer von Fieandt (b. 1890 - d. 1972)
26 Apr 1958 - 29 Aug 1958 Reino Kuuskoski (b. 1907 - d. 1965)
29 Aug 1958 - 13 Jan 1959 Karl August Fagerholm (3rd time) (s.a.)
13 Jan 1959 - 3 Jul 1961 Vieno Johannes Sukselainen
(2nd time) (s.a.)
3 Jul 1961 - 14 Jul 1961 Eemil Luukka (acting) (b. 1892 - d. 1970)
14 Jul 1961 - 13 Apr 1962 Martti Miettunen (1st time) (b. 1907 - d. 2002)
13 Apr 1962 - 18 Dec 1963 Ahti Karjalainen (1st time) (b. 1923 - d. 1990)
18 Dec 1963 - 12 Sep 1964 Reino Ragnar Lehto (b. 1898 - d. 1966)
12 Sep 1964 - 27 May 1966 Johannes Virolainen (b. 1914 - d. 2000)
27 May 1966 - 22 Mar 1968 Rafael Paasio (1st time) (b. 1903 - d. 1980)
22 Mar 1968 - 14 May 1970 Mauno Koivisto (1st time) (s.a.)
14 May 1970 - 15 Jul 1970 Teuvo Aura (1st time) (b. 1912 - d. 1999)
15 Jul 1970 - 29 Oct 1971 Ahti Karjalainen (2nd time) (s.a.)
29 Oct 1971 - 23 Feb 1972 Teuvo Aura (2nd time) (s.a.)
23 Feb 1972 - 4 Sep 1972 Rafael Paasio (2nd time) (s.a.)
4 Sep 1972 - 13 Jun 1975 Kalevi Sorsa (1st time) (b. 1930 - d. 2004)
13 Jun 1975 - 30 Nov 1975 Keijo Liinamaa (b. 1929 - d. 1980)
30 Nov 1975 - 15 May 1977 Martti Miettunen (2nd time) (s.a.)
15 May 1977 - 26 May 1979 Kalevi Sorsa (2nd time) (s.a.)
26 May 1979 - 27 Jan 1982 Mauno Koivisto (2nd time) (s.a.)
11 Sep 1981 - 19 Feb 1982 Eino Uusitalo (b. 1924)
(acting [for Koivisto to 27 Jan 1982])
19 Feb 1982 - 30 Apr 1987 Kalevi Sorsa (3rd time) (s.a.)
30 Apr 1987 - 26 Apr 1991 Harri Holkeri (b. 1937)
26 Apr 1991 - 13 Apr 1995 Esko Aho (b. 1954)
13 Apr 1995 - 17 Apr 2003 Paavo Lipponen (b. 1941)
17 Apr 2003 - 24 Jun 2003 Anneli J��tteenm�ki (f) (b. 1955)
24 Jun 2003 - Matti Vanhanen (b. 1955)
28 Jan 1918 - 25 Apr 1918 Socialist Conciliar ("Soviet") Republic in the south of
Finland during civil war
Chairman of the Central Executive Committee
14 Feb 1918 - 25 Apr 1918 Valfrid Perttil� (b. 1878 - d. 1953)
Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars
28 Jan 1918 - 13 Apr 1918 Kullervo Manner (b. 1880 - d. 1936)
13 Apr 1918 - 17 Apr 1918 Otto Ville Kuusinen (b. 1881 - d. 1964)
17 Apr 1918 - 25 Apr 1918 Edvard Gylling (b. 1881 - d. 1938)
1 Dec 1939 - 12 Mar 1940 Finnish Democratic Republic at the Soviet-occupied
town of Terijoki (now Zelenogorsk, Russia)
Chairman of the Finnish People's Government
1 Dec 1939 - 12 Mar 1940 Otto Ville Kuusinen (s.a.)
Chairman 22 Sep 1944 - 15 Sep 1947 Andrey Zhdanov (U.S.S.R.) (b. 1896 - d. 1948)�Transcription of Russian names follows the one used in official publications at the time.
12.. part of Sweden
1634 administered as part of a Finnish province
(�bo och Bj�rneborgs l�n = Turun ja Porin l��ni)
1808 - 1809 attempted separation from �bo och Bj�rneborgs l�n
17 Sep 1809 part of the Russian Grand Duchy of Finland
1917 - 1919 popular movement to rejoin Sweden
24 Jun 1921 League of Nations decides in favour of Finland
9 Jun 1922 �land autonomous region
Governors (title landsh�vding)
1808 - 1809 Otto Reinhold Meurman (acting) (b. 1750 - d. 1814)
9 Mar 1918 - 13 Jun 1918 Hjalmar von Bonsdorff (b. 1869 - d. 1945)
(military governor)
13 Jun 1918 - 17 Oct 1922 William Isaksson (b. 1866 - d. 1924)
17 Oct 1922 - 1 Jan 1938 Wilhelm Fagerlund (b. 1852 - d. 1939)
1 Jan 1938 - 3 Nov 1938 Torsten Rothberg (b. 1884 - d. 1938)
3 Nov 1938 - 21 Dec 1938 Walter Johansson (acting) (b. 1885 - d. 1960)
21 Nov 1938 - 1 May 1945 Ruben �sterberg (b. 1895 - d. 1959)
14 May 1945 - 1 Jan 1954 Herman Koroleff (b. 1883 - d. 1957)
1 Jan 1954 - 1 Jul 1972 Tor Brenning (b. 1903 - d. 1983)
1 Jul 1972 - 1 Oct 1982 Martin Isaksson (b. 1921 - d. 2001)
1 Oct 1982 - 1 Apr 1999 Henrik Gustafsson (b. 1934)
1 Apr 1999 - Peter Lindb�ck (b. 1955)
Chief ministers (title lantr�d)
10 Jul 1922 - 30 Dec 1938 Carl Bj�rkman (b. 1873 - d. 1948)
30 Dec 1938 - 1 Jan 1955 Viktor Strandf�lt (b. 1887 - d. 1962)
1 Jan 1955 - 28 Mar 1967 Hugo Johansson (b. 1900 - d. 1983)
28 Mar 1967 - 1 Jul 1972 Martin Isaksson (s.a.)
1 Jul 1972 - 1 Jan 1979 Alarik H�ggblom (b. 1914 - d. 1996)
1 Jan 1979 - 20 Apr 1988 Folke Woivalin (b. 1928)
20 Apr 1988 - 28 Nov 1991 Sune Eriksson (b. 1939)
28 Nov 1991 - 24 Nov 1995 Ragnar Erlandsson (b. 1941)
24 Nov 1995 - 3 Dec 1999 Roger Jansson (b. 1943)
3 Dec 1999 - 26 Nov 2007 Roger Nordlund (b. 1957)
26 Nov 2007 - Viveka Eriksson (f) (b. 1956)
987 Kingdom of France
21 Sep 1792 French Republic ("First Republic")
18 May 1804 state headed by emperor, but polity continues to be
officially styled French Republic
1 Jan 1809 French Empire
6 Apr 1814 Kingdom of France
13 Mar 1815 French Empire
8 Jul 1815 Kingdom of France
24 Feb 1848 French Republic ("Second Republic")
2 Dec 1852 French Empire
17 Feb 1871 French Republic ("Third Republic")
11 Jul 1940 - 20 Aug 1944 French State
3 Jun 1944 French Republic ("Third Republic" restored)
16 Jan 1947 ("Fourth Republic" [constitution promulgated 28 Oct 1946])
8 Jan 1959 ("Fifth Republic" [constitution promulgated 6 Oct 1958])
Kings�
- Bourbon (Capetian) dynasty -
14 May 1643 - 1 Sep 1715 Louis XIV "le Grand" (b. 1638 - d. 1715)
18 May 1643 - 7 Sep 1651 Anne d'Autriche (f) (regent) (b. 1601 - d. 1666)
1 Sep 1715 - 10 May 1774 Louis XV "le Bien-Aim�" (b. 1710 - d. 1774)
1 Sep 1715 - 22 Feb 1723 Philippe, duc d'Orl�ans (regent) (b. 1674 - d. 1723)
10 May 1774 - 21 Sep 1792 Louis XVI (b. 1754 - d. 1793)
(suspended 21 Jun - 14 Sep 1791 and 10 Aug - 21 Sep 1792)
Presidents of the National Assembly (often referred to as National Constituent Assembly)
25 Jun 1791 - 2 Jul 1791 Alexandre Fran�ois Marie,
vicomte de Beauharnais
(1st time) (b. 1760 - d. 1794)
2 Jul 1791 - 19 Jul 1791 Charles Malo Fran�ois, comte
de Lameth (b. 1757 - d. 1832)
19 Jul 1791 - 30 Jul 1791 Joseph Jacques Defermon, dit
Defermon des Chapeli�res (b. 1752 - d. 1831)
30 Jul 1791 - 13 Aug 1791 Alexandre Fran�ois Marie,
vicomte de Beauharnais
(2nd time) (s.a.)
13 Aug 1791 - 27 Aug 1791 Charles Louis Victor,
prince de Broglie (b. 1756 - d. 1794)
27 Aug 1791 - 10 Sep 1791 Th�odore Vernier (b. 1731 - d. 1818)
10 Sep 1791 - 14 Sep 1791 Jacques Guillaume Thouret (b. 1746 - d. 1794)
Presidents of the National Assembly
10 Aug 1792 - 19 Aug 1792 Jean Fran�ois Honor� Merlet (b. 1761 - d. 1830)
19 Aug 1792 - 2 Sep 1792 Jean-Fran�ois Delacroix, dit
Lacroix (b. 1753 - d. 1794)
2 Sep 1792 - 16 Sep 1792 Marie-Jean H�rault de S�chelles (b. 1759 - d. 1794)
16 Sep 1792 - 21 Sep 1792 Pierre Joseph Cambon (b. 1756 - d. 1820)
Presidents of the National Convention
21 Sep 1792 - 4 Oct 1792 J�r�me P�tion, dit P�tion de
Villeneuve (b. 1756 - d. 1794)
4 Oct 1792 - 18 Oct 1792 Jean-Fran�ois Delacroix, dit
Lacroix (s.a.)
18 Oct 1792 - 1 Nov 1792 Marguerite �lie Guadet (b. 1755 - d. 1794)
1 Nov 1792 - 15 Nov 1792 Marie-Jean H�rault de S�chelles
(1st time) (s.a.)
15 Nov 1792 - 29 Nov 1792 Henri Baptiste Gr�goire (b. 1750 - d. 1831)
29 Nov 1792 - 13 Dec 1792 Bertrand Bar�re de Vieuzac (b. 1755 - d. 1841)
13 Dec 1792 - 27 Dec 1792 Joseph Jacques Defermon, dit
Defermon des Chapeli�res (s.a.)
27 Dec 1792 - 10 Jan 1793 Jean-Baptiste Treilhard (b. 1742 - d. 1810)
10 Jan 1793 - 24 Jan 1793 Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud (b. 1753 - d. 1793)
24 Jan 1793 - 7 Feb 1793 Jean-Paul Rabaut, dit Rabaut
Saint-�tienne (b. 1743 - d. 1793)
7 Feb 1793 - 21 Feb 1793 Jean-Jacques Br�ard, dit
Br�ard-Duplessis (b. 1751 - d. 1840)
21 Feb 1793 - 7 Mar 1793 Edmond Louis Alexis Dubois de
Cranc�, dit Dubois-Cranc� (b. 1747 - d. 1814)
7 Mar 1793 - 21 Mar 1793 Arnaud Gensonn� (b. 1758 - d. 1793)
21 Mar 1793 - 4 Apr 1793 Jean Antoine Joseph Debry (b. 1760 - d. 1834)
4 Apr 1793 - 18 Apr 1793 Jean Fran�ois Bertrand Delmas (b. 1751 - d. 1798)
18 Apr 1793 - 2 May 1793 Marc David Alba, dit Alba-Lasource (b. 1763 - d. 1793)
2 May 1793 - 16 May 1793 Jean-Baptiste Boyer-Fonfr�de (b. 1765 - d. 1793)
16 May 1793 - 30 May 1793 Maximin Isnard (b. 1758 - d. 1825)
30 May 1793 - 13 Jun 1793 Fran�ois Ren� Auguste Mallarm� (b. 1755 - d. 1831)
13 Jun 1793 - 27 Jun 1793 Jean-Marie Collot, dit Collot
d'Herbois (1st time) (b. 1749 - d. 1796)
27 Jun 1793 - 11 Jul 1793 Jacques Alexis Thuriot de la
Rosi�re (b. 1753 - d. 1829)
11 Jul 1793 - 25 Jul 1793 Andr� Jeanbon, dit Jeanbon
Saint-Andr� (b. 1749 - d. 1813)
25 Jul 1793 - 8 Aug 1793 Georges Jacques Danton (b. 1759 - d. 1794)
8 Aug 1793 - 22 Aug 1793 Marie-Jean H�rault de S�chelles
(2nd time) (s.a.)
22 Aug 1793 - 5 Sep 1793 Maximilien Robespierre (1st time) (b. 1758 - d. 1794)
5 Sep 1793 - 19 Sep 1793 Jacques Nicolas Billaud, dit
Billaud-Varenne (b. 1756 - d. 1819)
19 Sep 1793 - 3 Oct 1793 Pierre Joseph Cambon (s.a.)
3 Oct 1793 - 22 Oct 1793 Charles Louis Joseph Charlier (b. 1754 - d. 1797)
22 Oct 1793 - 6 Nov 1793 Mo�se Antoine Pierre Jean Bayle (b. 1755 - d. 1811?)
6 Nov 1793 - 21 Nov 1793 Pierre Antoine Laloy (b. 1749 - d. 1846)
21 Nov 1793 - 6 Dec 1793 Charles Gilbert Romme (b. 1750 - d. 1795)
6 Dec 1793 - 21 Dec 1793 Jean-Henri Voulland (b. 1751 - d. 1801)
21 Dec 1793 - 5 Jan 1794 Georges Auguste Couthon (b. 1755 - d. 1794)
5 Jan 1794 - 20 Jan 1794 Jacques Louis David (b. 1748 - d. 1825)
20 Jan 1794 - 4 Feb 1794 Marc Guillaume Alexis Vadier (b. 1736 - d. 1828)
4 Feb 1794 - 19 Feb 1794 Joseph Nicolas Barbeau Du Barran,
dit Dubarran (b. 1761 - d. 1816)
19 Feb 1794 - 6 Mar 1794 Louis de Saint-Just (b. 1767 - d. 1794)
6 Mar 1794 - 21 Mar 1794 Philippe Jacques R�hl (b. 1737 - d. 1795)
21 Mar 1794 - 5 Apr 1794 Jean-Lambert Tallien (b. 1767 - d. 1820)
5 Apr 1794 - 20 Apr 1794 Jean Baptiste Andr� Amar (b. 1755 - d. 1816)
20 Apr 1794 - 5 May 1794 Robert Lindet (b. 1746 - d. 1825)
5 May 1794 - 20 May 1794 Lazare Carnot (b. 1753 - d. 1823)
20 May 1794 - 4 Jun 1794 Claude Antoine Prieur-Duvernois,
dit Prieur de la C�te d'Or (b. 1763 - d. 1832)
4 Jun 1794 - 19 Jun 1794 Maximilien Robespierre (2nd time) (s.a.)
19 Jun 1794 - 5 Jul 1794 �lie Lacoste (b. 1745 - d. 1806)
5 Jul 1794 - 19 Jul 1794 Jean-Antoine Louis, dit Louis
du Bas-Rhin (b. 1742 - d. 1796)
19 Jul 1794 - 3 Aug 1794 Jean-Marie Collot, dit Collot
d'Herbois (2nd time) (s.a.)
3 Aug 1794 - 18 Aug 1794 Philippe Antoine Merlin, dit
Merlin de Douai (b. 1754 - d. 1838)
18 Aug 1794 - 2 Sep 1794 Antoine Christophe Merlin, dit
Merlin de Thionville (b. 1762 - d. 1833)
2 Sep 1794 - 22 Sep 1794 Andr� Antoine Bernard des
Jeuzines, dit Bernard de Saintes
(or Adrien-Antoine...) (b. 1751 - d. 1818)
22 Sep 1794 - 7 Oct 1794 Andr� Dumont (b. 1765 - d. 1836)
7 Oct 1794 - 22 Oct 1794 Jean Jacques R�gis Cambac�r�s (b. 1753 - d. 1824)
22 Oct 1794 - 6 Nov 1794 Pierre Louis Prieur, dit Prieur
de la Marne (b. 1756 - d. 1827)
6 Nov 1794 - 24 Nov 1794 Louis Legendre (b. 1752 - d. 1797)
24 Nov 1794 - 6 Dec 1794 Jean-Baptiste Clauzel (b. 1746 - d. 1803)
6 Dec 1794 - 21 Dec 1794 Jean-Fran�ois Reubell (b. 1747 - d. 1807)
21 Dec 1794 - 6 Jan 1795 Pierre Louis Bentabole (b. 1756 - d. 1798)
6 Jan 1795 - 20 Jan 1795 �tienne Fran�ois Louis Honor�
Letourneur (or Charles Fran�ois
Louis Honor� Letourneur) (b. 1751 - d. 1817)
20 Jan 1795 - 4 Feb 1795 Joseph Stanislas Fran�ois Xavier
Alexis Rov�re (b. 1748 - d. 1798)
4 Feb 1795 - 19 Feb 1795 Jean Nicolas Paul Fran�ois Barras (b. 1755 - d. 1829)
19 Feb 1795 - 6 Mar 1795 Fran�ois Louis Bourdon, dit
Bourdon de l'Oise (b. 1758 - d. 1798)
6 Mar 1795 - 24 Mar 1795 Antoine Claire Thibaudeau (b. 1765 - d. 1854)
24 Mar 1795 - 5 Apr 1795 Jean Pelet, dit Pelet de la Loz�re (b. 1759 - d. 1842)
5 Apr 1795 - 20 Apr 1795 Fran�ois Antoine Boissy d'Anglas (b. 1756 - d. 1826)
20 Apr 1795 - 5 May 1795 Emmanuel Joseph Siey�s (b. 1748 - d. 1836)
5 May 1795 - 26 May 1795 Th�odore Vernier (s.a.)
26 May 1795 - 4 Jun 1795 Jean Baptiste Charles Mathieu,
dit Mathieu-Mirampal (b. 1763 - d. 1833)
4 Jun 1795 - 19 Jun 1795 Jean-Denis Lanjuinais (b. 1753 - d. 1827)
19 Jun 1795 - 4 Jul 1795 Jean-Baptiste Louvet de Couvray (b. 1760 - d. 1797)
4 Jul 1795 - 19 Jul 1795 Louis Gustave Le Doulcet de
Pont�coulant (b. 1764 - d. 1853)
19 Jul 1795 - 3 Aug 1795 Louis Marie La Revelli�re, dit
La Revelli�re-L�peaux (b. 1753 - d. 1824)
3 Aug 1795 - 19 Aug 1795 Pierre Claude Fran�ois Daunou (b. 1761 - d. 1840)
19 Aug 1795 - 2 Sep 1795 Marie Joseph Blaise Ch�nier (b. 1764 - d. 1811)
2 Sep 1795 - 23 Sep 1795 Th�ophile Berlier (b. 1761 - d. 1844)
23 Sep 1795 - 8 Oct 1795 Pierre Charles Louis Baudin,
dit Baudin des Ardennes (b. 1748 - d. 1799)
8 Oct 1795 - 26 Oct 1795 Charles Fran�ois Jean Joseph
Victor G�nissieu (b. 1749 - d. 1804)
26 Oct 1795 - 2 Nov 1795 the Committee of Public Safety
(see heads of government)
Presidents of the Executive Directory
2 Nov 1795 - 31 Jan 1796 Jean-Fran�ois Reubell (1st time) (s.a.)
31 Jan 1796 - 30 Apr 1796 �tienne Fran�ois Louis Honor�
Letourneur (or Charles Fran�ois
Louis Honor� Letourneur)
(1st time) (s.a.)
30 Apr 1796 - 29 Jul 1796 Lazare Carnot (1st time) (s.a.)
29 Jul 1796 - 1 Nov 1796 Louis Marie de La Revelli�re, dit
La Revelli�re-L�peaux (1st time) (s.a.)
1 Nov 1796 - 30 Jan 1797 Jean Nicolas Paul Fran�ois Barras
(1st time) (s.a.)
30 Jan 1797 - 30 Apr 1797 Jean-Fran�ois Reubell (2nd time) (s.a.)
30 Apr 1797 - 26 May 1797 �tienne Fran�ois Louis Honor�
Letourneur (or Charles Fran�ois
Louis Honor� Letourneur)
(2nd time) (s.a.)
26 May 1797 - 24 Aug 1797 Lazare Carnot (2nd time) (s.a.)
24 Aug 1797 - 27 Nov 1797 Louis Marie de La Revelli�re, dit
La Revelli�re-L�peaux (2nd time) (s.a.)
27 Nov 1797 - 25 Feb 1798 Jean Nicolas Paul Fran�ois Barras
(2nd time) (s.a.)
25 Feb 1798 - 26 May 1798 Philippe Antoine Merlin, dit
Merlin de Douai (1st time) (s.a.)
26 May 1798 - 24 Aug 1798 Jean-Fran�ois Reubell (3rd time) (s.a.)
24 Aug 1798 - 27 Nov 1798 Jean-Baptiste Treilhard (s.a.)
27 Nov 1798 - 25 Feb 1799 Louis Marie de La Revelli�re, dit
La Revelli�re-L�peaux (3rd time) (s.a.)
25 Feb 1799 - 26 May 1799 Jean Nicolas Paul Fran�ois Barras
(3rd time) (s.a.)
26 May 1799 - 18 Jun 1799 Philippe Antoine Merlin, dit
Merlin de Douai (2nd time) (s.a.)
18 Jun 1799 - 23 Sep 1799 Emmanuel Joseph Siey�s (s.a.)
23 Sep 1799 - 10 Nov 1799 Louis-J�r�me Gohier (b. 1746 - d. 1830)
11 Nov 1799 - 25 Dec 1799 Consular Executive Commission
(3 consuls; chair probably rotating daily, in order given;
no conclusive documentation was created)
- Napol�on Bonaparte (b. 1769 - d. 1821)
- Pierre Roger Ducos,
dit Roger-Ducos (b. 1747 - d. 1816)
- Emmanuel Joseph Siey�s (s.a.)
First consul
25 Dec 1799 - 18 May 1804 Napol�on Bonaparte (s.a.)
Emperor�
- Bonaparte dynasty -
18 May 1804 - 11 Apr 1814 Napol�on I (1st time) (s.a.)
President of the Provisional Government
3 Apr 1814 - 14 Apr 1814 Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-
P�rigord, prince de B�n�vent (b. 1754 - d. 1838)
Lieutenant-general of the kingdom
14 Apr 1814 - 2 May 1814 Charles-Philippe de France,
comte d'Artois (b. 1757 - d. 1836)
King�
- Bourbon (Capetian) dynasty -
2 May 1814 - 19 Mar 1815 Louis XVIII (1st time) (b. 1755 - d. 1824)
Emperors�
- Bonaparte dynasty -
13 Mar 1815 - 22 Jun 1815 Napol�on I (2nd time) (s.a.)
22 Jun 1815 - 7 Jul 1815 Napol�on II (lived in Austria) (b. 1811 - d. 1832)
22 Jun 1815 - 7 Jul 1815 Commission of Government
(also styled Executive Commission)
- Joseph, comte Fouch�,
duc d'Otrante (b. 1759 - d. 1820)
(president from 23 Jun 1815)
- Lazare Carnot (s.a.)
- Paul, comte Grenier (b. 1768 - d. 1827)
- Armand Augustin Louis
Caulaincourt, duc de Vicence (b. 1773 - d. 1827)
- Nicolas Marie, baron de
Quinette de Rochemont (b. 1762 - d. 1821)
Kings�
- Bourbon (Capetian) dynasty -
8 Jul 1815 - 16 Sep 1824 Louis XVIII (2nd time) (s.a.)
16 Sep 1824 - 2 Aug 1830 Charles X (= Charles-Philippe de
France, comte d'Artois) (s.a.)
29 Jul 1830 - 1 Aug 1830 Municipal Commission
(in opposition to Charles X)
- Jacques Laffitte (b. 1767 - d. 1844)
- Casimir Perier (b. 1777 - d. 1832)
- Georges Mouton, comte de Lobau (b. 1770 - d. 1838)
- Auguste, baron de Schonen (b. 1782 - d. 1849)
- Pierre Fran�ois Audry de
Puyraveau (b. 1783 - d. 1852)
- Fran�ois Mauguin (b. 1785 - d. 1854)
2 Aug 1830 - 9 Aug 1830 Louis-Philippe, duc d'Orl�ans (b. 1773 - d. 1850)
(lieutenant-general of the kingdom)
- Bourbon-Orl�ans dynasty -
9 Aug 1830 - 24 Feb 1848 Louis-Philippe I (s.a.)
President of the Provisional Government of the Republic
24 Feb 1848 - 9 May 1848 Jacques Charles Dupont de l'Eure (b. 1767 - d. 1855)
President of the National Constituent Assembly
9 May 1848 - 10 May 1848 Philippe Joseph Benjamin Buchez (b. 1796 - d. 1865)
Chairman of the Executive Power Commission
10 May 1848 - 24 Jun 1848 Dominique Fran�ois Jean Arago (b. 1786 - d. 1853)
President of the National Constituent Assembly
24 Jun 1848 - 28 Jun 1848 Antoine Marie Jules S�nard (b. 1800 - d. 1885)
Chief of the Executive Power
28 Jun 1848 - 20 Dec 1848 Louis Eug�ne Cavaignac (b. 1802 - d. 1857)
President
20 Dec 1848 - 2 Dec 1852 Louis-Napol�on Bonaparte (b. 1808 - d. 1873)
Emperor�
- Bonaparte dynasty -
2 Dec 1852 - 4 Sep 1870 Napol�on III (s.a.)
President of the Government of National Defense
4 Sep 1870 - 13 Feb 1871 Louis Jules Trochu (b. 1815 - d. 1896)
Presidents of the National Constituent Assembly
13 Feb 1871 - 16 Feb 1871 Denis Emmanuel,
comte Benoist d'Azy (acting) (b. 1796 - d. 1880)
16 Feb 1871 - 17 Feb 1871 Jules Gr�vy (b. 1807 - d. 1891)
Presidents
17 Feb 1871 - 24 May 1873 Adolphe Thiers (b. 1797 - d. 1877)
(Head of Executive Power to 31 Aug 1871)
24 May 1873 - 30 Jan 1879 Patrice Maurice de Mac-Mahon (b. 1808 - d. 1893)
30 Jan 1879 Jules Armand Stanislas Dufaure (b. 1798 - d. 1881)
(acting)
30 Jan 1879 - 2 Dec 1887 Jules Gr�vy (s.a.)
2 Dec 1887 - 3 Dec 1887 Maurice Rouvier (acting) (b. 1842 - d. 1911)
3 Dec 1887 - 25 Jun 1894 Sadi Carnot (b. 1837 - d. 1894)
25 Jun 1894 - 27 Jun 1894 Charles Dupuy (1st time) (acting) (b. 1851 - d. 1923)
27 Jun 1894 - 16 Jan 1895 Jean Casimir-Perier (b. 1847 - d. 1907)
16 Jan 1895 - 17 Jan 1895 Charles Dupuy (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.)
17 Jan 1895 - 16 Feb 1899 F�lix Faure (b. 1841 - d. 1899)
16 Feb 1899 - 18 Feb 1899 Charles Dupuy (3rd time) (acting) (s.a.)
18 Feb 1899 - 18 Feb 1906 �mile Loubet (b. 1838 - d. 1929)
18 Feb 1906 - 18 Feb 1913 Armand Falli�res (b. 1841 - d. 1931)
18 Feb 1913 - 18 Feb 1920 Raymond Poincar� (b. 1860 - d. 1934)
18 Feb 1920 - 21 Sep 1920 Paul Deschanel (b. 1855 - d. 1922)
21 Sep 1920 - 11 Jun 1924 Alexandre Millerand (b. 1859 - d. 1943)
(acting to 23 Sep 1920)
11 Jun 1924 - 13 Jun 1924 Fr�d�ric Fran�ois-Marsal (acting) (b. 1874 - d. 1958)
13 Jun 1924 - 13 Jun 1931 Gaston Doumergue (b. 1863 - d. 1937)
13 Jun 1931 - 7 May 1932 Paul Doumer (b. 1857 - d. 1932)
7 May 1932 - 10 May 1932 Andr� Tardieu (acting) (b. 1876 - d. 1945)
10 May 1932 - 11 Jul 1940 Albert Lebrun (b. 1871 - d. 1950)
Head of State
11 Jul 1940 - 20 Aug 1944 Philippe P�tain (b. 1856 - d. 1951)
Acting heads of state
3 Jun 1944 - 16 Jan 1947 see heads of government
Presidents
16 Jan 1947 - 16 Jan 1954 Vincent Auriol (b. 1884 - d. 1966)
16 Jan 1954 - 8 Jan 1959 Ren� Coty (b. 1882 - d. 1962)
8 Jan 1959 - 28 Apr 1969 Charles de Gaulle (b. 1890 - d. 1970)
28 Apr 1969 - 20 Jun 1969 Alain Poher (1st time) (acting) (b. 1909 - d. 1996)
20 Jun 1969 - 3 Apr 1974 Georges Pompidou (b. 1911 - d. 1974)
3 Apr 1974 - 27 May 1974 Alain Poher (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.)
27 May 1974 - 21 May 1981 Val�ry Giscard d'Estaing (b. 1926)
21 May 1981 - 17 May 1995 Fran�ois Mitterrand (b. 1916 - d. 1996)
17 May 1995 - 16 May 2007 Jacques Chirac (b. 1932)
16 May 2007 - Nicolas Sarkozy (b. 1955)
Provisional Executive Council (chair rotating weekly)
- Ministers of Justice -
21 Sep 1792 - 9 Oct 1792 Georges Jacques Danton (s.a.)
9 Oct 1792 - 20 Mar 1793 Dominique Joseph Garat (b. 1749 - d. 1833)
20 Mar 1793 - 20 Apr 1794 Louis J�r�me Gohier (s.a.)
- Ministers of the Marine and Colonies -
21 Sep 1792 - 10 Apr 1793 Gaspard Monge (b. 1746 - d. 1818)
10 Apr 1793 - 20 Apr 1794 Jean Dalbarade (b. 1743 - d. 1819)
- Ministers of Foreign Affairs -
21 Sep 1792 - 21 Jun 1793 Pierre Henri H�l�ne Marie Tondu,
dit Lebrun-Tondu (b. 1754 - d. 1794)
21 Jun 1793 - 2 Apr 1794 Fran�ois Louis Michel Chemin des
Forgues, dit Deforgues (b. 1759 - d. 1840)
2 Apr 1794 - 5 Apr 1794 vacant
5 Apr 1794 - 8 Apr 1794 Jean Marie Claude Alexandre Goujon (b. 1766 - d. 1795)
(interim)
8 Apr 1794 - 20 Apr 1794 Martial Joseph Armand Herman (b. 1759 - d. 1795)
(interim)�
- Ministers of the Interior -
21 Sep 1792 - 23 Jan 1793 Jean-Marie Roland de la Plati�re (b. 1734 - d. 1793)
23 Jan 1793 - 20 Aug 1793 Dominique Joseph Garat (s.a.)
(interim to 15 Mar 1793)
20 Aug 1793 - 5 Apr 1794 Jules Fran�ois Par� (b. 1755 - d. 1819)
5 Apr 1794 - 8 Apr 1794 Jean Marie Claude Alexandre Goujon (s.a.)
(interim)
8 Apr 1794 - 20 Apr 1794 Martial Joseph Armand Herman (s.a.)
(interim)
- Ministers of War -
21 Sep 1792 - 3 Oct 1792 Joseph Marie Servan, dit Servan
de Gerbey (b. 1741 - d. 1808)
3 Oct 1792 - 18 Oct 1792 Pierre Henri H�l�ne Marie Tondu,
dit Lebrun-Tondu (1st time) (s.a.)
(interim)
18 Oct 1792 - 4 Feb 1793 Jean-Nicolas Pache (b. 1746 - d. 1823)
4 Feb 1793 - 1 Apr 1793 Pierre Riel de Beurnonville (b. 1752 - d. 1821)
1 Apr 1793 - 4 Apr 1793 Pierre Henri H�l�ne Marie Tondu,
dit Lebrun-Tondu (2nd time) (s.a.)
(interim)
4 Apr 1793 - 22 Jun 1793 Jean Baptiste No�l Bouchotte
(1st time) (b. 1754 - d. 1840)
22 Jun 1793 (hours) Charles Alexis Alexandre (b. 1754 - d. 1825)
22 Jun 1793 - 20 Apr 1794 Jean Baptiste No�l Bouchotte
(2nd time) (s.a.)
- Ministers of Public Contributions and Revenues -
21 Sep 1792 - 13 Jun 1793 �tienne Clavi�re (b. 1735 - d. 1793)
13 Jun 1793 - 20 Apr 1794 Louis Gr�goire Des Champs
des Tournelles (b. 1744 - d. 1795)
Committee of Public Safety of the National Convention
20 Apr 1794 - 1 Sep 1794 Bertrand Bar�re de Vieuzac (s.a.)
20 Apr 1794 - 1 Sep 1794 Jacques Nicolas Billaud, dit
Billaud-Varenne (s.a.)
20 Apr 1794 - 6 Oct 1794 Lazare Carnot (1st time) (s.a.)
20 Apr 1794 - 1 Sep 1794 Jean-Marie Collot, dit Collot
d'Herbois (s.a.)
20 Apr 1794 - 27 Jul 1794 Georges Auguste Couthon (s.a.)
20 Apr 1794 - 31 Jul 1794 Andr� Jeanbon, dit Jeanbon
Saint-Andr� (s.a.)
20 Apr 1794 - 6 Oct 1794 Jean Baptiste Robert Lindet (s.a.)
20 Apr 1794 - 31 Jul 1794 Pierre Louis Prieur, dit Prieur
de la Marne (1st time) (s.a.)
20 Apr 1794 - 6 Oct 1794 Claude Antoine Prieur-Duvernois,
dit Prieur de la C�te d'Or (s.a.)
20 Apr 1794 - 27 Jul 1794 Maximilien Robespierre (s.a.)
20 Apr 1794 - 27 Jul 1794 Louis de Saint-Just (s.a.)
31 Jul 1794 - 5 Dec 1794 Jean-Jacques Br�ard, dit
Br�ard-Duplessis (1st time) (s.a.)
31 Jul 1794 - 5 Nov 1794 Joseph Eschass�riaux (1st time) (b. 1753 - d. 1823)
31 Jul 1794 - 5 Nov 1794 Pierre Antoine Laloy (s.a.)
31 Jul 1794 - 1 Sep 1794 Jean-Lambert Tallien (1st time) (s.a.)
31 Jul 1794 - 5 Dec 1794 Jacques Alexis Thuriot de la
Rosi�re (s.a.)
31 Jul 1794 - 5 Nov 1794 Jean-Baptiste Treilhard (1st time) (s.a.)
1 Sep 1794 - 5 Dec 1794 Charles Cochon de Lapparent (b. 1750 - d. 1825)
1 Sep 1794 - 4 Jan 1795 Jean Fran�ois Bertrand Delmas (s.a.)
1 Sep 1794 - 4 Jan 1795 Antoine Fran�ois Fourcroy
(1st time) (b. 1755 - d. 1809)
1 Sep 1794 - 4 Jan 1795 Philippe Antoine Merlin, dit
Merlin de Douai (1st time) (s.a.)
6 Oct 1794 - 3 Feb 1795 Louis Bernard Guyton de Morveau,
dit Guyton-Morveau (b. 1737 - d. 1816)
6 Oct 1794 - 3 Feb 1795 Pierre Louis Prieur, dit Prieur
de la Marne (2nd time) (s.a.)
6 Oct 1794 - 3 Feb 1795 Joseph Charles �tienne Richard (b. 1761 - d. 1834)
5 Nov 1794 - 5 Mar 1795 Jean Jacques R�gis Cambac�r�s
(1st time) (s.a.)
5 Nov 1794 - 5 Mar 1795 Lazare Carnot (2nd time) (s.a.)
5 Nov 1794 - 5 Mar 1795 Jean Pelet, dit Pelet de la Loz�re (s.a.)
5 Dec 1794 - 4 Apr 1795 Fran�ois Antoine Boissy d'Anglas
(1st time) (s.a.)
5 Dec 1794 - 4 Apr 1795 Edmond Louis Alexis Dubois de
Cranc�, dit Dubois-Cranc� (s.a.)
5 Dec 1794 - 4 Apr 1795 Andr� Dumont (s.a.)
4 Jan 1795 - 4 May 1795 Jean-Jacques Br�ard, dit
Br�ard-Duplessis (2nd time) (s.a.)
4 Jan 1795 - 4 May 1795 Jean-Pierre Chazal (b. 1766 - d. 1840)
4 Jan 1795 - 4 May 1795 Pierre Marec (1st time) (b. 1739 - d. 1828)
3 Feb 1795 - 3 Jun 1795 Antoine Fran�ois Fourcroy
(2nd time) (s.a.)
3 Feb 1795 - 3 Jun 1795 Pierre Jean Lacombe, dit Lacombe
Saint-Michel (b. 1751 - d. 1812)
3 Feb 1795 - 3 Jun 1795 Philippe Antoine Merlin, dit
Merlin de Douai (2nd time) (s.a.)
5 Mar 1795 - 3 Jul 1795 Marie Fran�ois S�bastien
Christophe Delaporte, dit Laporte (b. 1760 - d. 1823)
5 Mar 1795 - 3 Jul 1795 Jean-Fran�ois Reubell (1st time) (s.a.)
5 Mar 1795 - 3 Jul 1795 Emmanuel Joseph Siey�s (1st time) (s.a.)
4 Apr 1795 - 2 Aug 1795 Fran�ois Aubry (b. 1747 - d. 1798)
4 Apr 1795 - 2 Aug 1795 Jean Jacques R�gis Cambac�r�s
(2nd time) (s.a.)
4 Apr 1795 - 4 May 1795 Jacques Antoine Creuz� de La
Touche, dit Creuz�-Latouche (b. 1749 - d. 1800)
4 Apr 1795 - 3 Jul 1795 Pierre Mathurin Gillet
(or Ren� Mathurin Gillet) (b. 1766 - d. 1795)
4 Apr 1795 - 4 May 1795 Bernard Marie Lesage (or Denis
Toussaint Lesage) (1st time) (b. 1758 - d. 1796)
4 Apr 1795 - 3 Jul 1795 Louis F�lix Roux (b. 1753 - d. 1817)
4 Apr 1795 - 2 Aug 1795 Jean-Lambert Tallien (2nd time) (s.a.)
4 May 1795 - 1 Sep 1795 Joseph Jacques Defermon, dit
Defermon des Chapeli�res (s.a.)
4 May 1795 - 1 Sep 1795 Louis Gustave Le Doulcet de
Pont�coulant (s.a.)
4 May 1795 - 1 Sep 1795 Jacques Antoine Rabaut, dit
Rabaut-Pomier (b. 1744 - d. 1820)
4 May 1795 - 2 Aug 1795 Jean-Baptiste Treilhard (2nd time) (s.a.)
4 May 1795 - 1 Sep 1795 Th�odore Vernier (s.a.)
3 Jun 1795 - 7 Oct 1795 Charles Antoine Augustin Blad (b. 1764 - d. 1802)
3 Jun 1795 - 7 Oct 1795 Fran�ois Joseph Gamon (b. 1767 - d. 1832)
3 Jun 1795 - 7 Oct 1795 Pierre Fran�ois Joachim
Henry-Larivi�re (b. 1761 - d. 1838)
3 Jun 1795 - 7 Oct 1795 Pierre Marec (2nd time) (s.a.)
3 Jul 1795 - 4 Nov 1795 Fran�ois Antoine Boissy d'Anglas
(2nd time) (s.a.)
3 Jul 1795 - 4 Nov 1795 Jean Antoine Joseph Debry (s.a.)
3 Jul 1795 - 4 Nov 1795 Bernard Marie Lesage (or Denis-
Toussaint Lesage) (2nd time) (s.a.)
3 Jul 1795 - 4 Nov 1795 Jean-Baptiste Louvet de Couvray (s.a.)
2 Aug 1795 - 4 Nov 1795 �tienne Fran�ois Louis Honor�
Letourneur (or Charles Fran�ois
Louis Honor� Letourneur) (s.a.)
2 Aug 1795 - 4 Nov 1795 Philippe Antoine Merlin, dit
Merlin de Douai (3rd time) (s.a.)
2 Aug 1795 - 4 Nov 1795 Jean-Fran�ois Reubell (2nd time) (s.a.)
2 Aug 1795 - 4 Nov 1795 Emmanuel Joseph Siey�s (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Sep 1795 - 4 Nov 1795 Th�ophile Berlier (s.a.)
1 Sep 1795 - 4 Nov 1795 Jean Jacques R�gis Cambac�r�s
(3rd time) (s.a.)
1 Sep 1795 - 4 Nov 1795 Pierre Claude Fran�ois Daunou (s.a.)
1 Sep 1795 - 4 Nov 1795 Louis Marie La Revelli�re, dit
La Revelli�re-L�peaux (s.a.)
7 Oct 1795 - 4 Nov 1795 Marie Joseph Blaise Ch�nier (s.a.)
7 Oct 1795 - 4 Nov 1795 Joseph Eschass�riaux (2nd time) (s.a.)
7 Oct 1795 - 4 Nov 1795 Charles Claude Christophe Gourdan (b. 1744 - d. 1804)
7 Oct 1795 - 4 Nov 1795 Antoine Claire Thibaudeau (s.a.)
Prime ministers�
9 Jul 1815 - 26 Sep 1815 Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-
P�rigord, prince de B�n�vent (s.a.)
26 Sep 1815 - 29 Dec 1818 Armand Emmanuel du Plessis,
duc de Richelieu (1st time) (b. 1766 - d. 1822)
29 Dec 1818 - 19 Nov 1819 Jean Joseph Paul Augustin,
marquis Dessolles (b. 1767 - d. 1828)
19 Nov 1819 - 20 Feb 1820 �lie, comte Decazes (b. 1780 - d. 1860)
20 Feb 1820 - 14 Dec 1821 Armand Emmanuel du Plessis,
duc de Richelieu (2nd time) (s.a.)
4 Sep 1822 - 4 Jan 1828 Joseph, comte de Vill�le (b. 1773 - d. 1854)
4 Jan 1828 - 8 Aug 1829 Jean Baptiste Gay, vicomte de
Martignac (b. 1778 - d. 1832)
8 Aug 1829 - 29 Jul 1830 Jules Auguste Armand Marie,
prince de Polignac (b. 1780 - d. 1847)
29 Jul 1830 Victor Louis Victurnien, duc
de Montemart (b. 1783 - d. 1834)
2 Nov 1830 - 13 Mar 1831 Jacques Laffitte (b. 1767 - d. 1844)
13 Mar 1831 - 16 May 1832 Casimir Perier (b. 1777 - d. 1832)
11 Oct 1832 - 18 Jul 1834 Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult,
duc de Dalmatie (1st time) (b. 1769 - d. 1851)
18 Jul 1834 - 10 Nov 1834 �tienne Maurice, comte G�rard (b. 1773 - d. 1852)
10 Nov 1834 - 18 Nov 1834 Hugues Bernard Maret, duc de
Bassano (b. 1763 - d. 1839)
18 Nov 1834 - 12 Mar 1835 �douard Adolphe Casimir Joseph
Mortier, duc de Treviso (b. 1768 - d. 1835)
12 Mar 1835 - 22 Feb 1836 Achille Charles L�once Victor,
duc de Broglie (b. 1785 - d. 1870)
22 Feb 1836 - 6 Sep 1836 Adolphe Thiers (1st time) (s.a.)
6 Sep 1836 - 31 Mar 1839 Mathieu Louis, comte Mol�
(1st time) (b. 1781 - d. 1855)
12 May 1839 - 1 Mar 1840 Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult,
duc de Dalmatie (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Mar 1840 - 29 Oct 1840 Adolphe Thiers (2nd time) (s.a.)
29 Oct 1840 - 19 Sep 1847 Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult,
duc de Dalmatie (3rd time) (s.a.)
19 Sep 1847 - 23 Feb 1848 Fran�ois Guizot (b. 1787 - d. 1874)
23 Feb 1848 - 24 Feb 1848 Mathieu Louis, comte Mol�
(2nd time) (s.a.)
24 Feb 1848 Adolphe Thiers (3rd time) (s.a.)
28 Jun 1848 - 20 Dec 1848 Louis Eug�ne Cavaignac (s.a.)
20 Dec 1848 - 31 Oct 1849 Odilon Barrot (b. 1791 - d. 1873)
2 Jan 1870 - 9 Aug 1870 �mile Ollivier (b. 1825 - d. 1913)
9 Aug 1870 - 4 Sep 1870 Charles Guillaume Cousin-
Montauban, comte de Palikao (b. 1796 - d. 1878)
2 Sep 1871 - 25 May 1873 Jules Armand Stanislas Dufaure
(1st time) (s.a.)
(vice chairman of the Council of Ministers)
25 May 1873 - 22 May 1874 Albert, duc de Broglie (b. 1821 - d. 1901)
(vice chairman of the Council of Ministers)
22 May 1874 - 10 Mar 1875 Ernest Courtot de Cissey (b. 1810 - d. 1882)
(vice chairman of the Council of Ministers)
10 Mar 1875 - 23 Feb 1876 Louis Joseph Buffet (b. 1818 - d. 1898)
(vice chairman of the Council of Ministers)
23 Feb 1876 - 12 Dec 1876 Jules Armand Stanislas Dufaure
(2nd time) (s.a.)
(vice chairman of the Council of Ministers to 9 Mar 1876)
12 Dec 1876 - 17 May 1877 Jules Simon (b. 1814 - d. 1896)
17 May 1877 - 23 Nov 1877 Albert, duc de Broglie (b. 1821 - d. 1901)
23 Nov 1877 - 13 Dec 1877 Caietan de Grimaudet de Rochebouet (b. 1813 - d. 1899)
13 Dec 1877 - 4 Feb 1879 Jules Armand Stanislas Dufaure
(3rd time) (s.a.)
4 Feb 1879 - 28 Dec 1879 William Henry Waddington (b. 1826 - d. 1894)
28 Dec 1879 - 23 Sep 1880 Charles Louis de Saulces de
Freycinet (1st time) (b. 1828 - d. 1923)
23 Sep 1880 - 14 Nov 1881 Jules Ferry (1st time) (b. 1832 - d. 1893)
14 Nov 1881 - 30 Jan 1882 L�on Gambetta (b. 1838 - d. 1882)
30 Jan 1882 - 7 Aug 1882 Charles Louis de Saulces de
Freycinet (2nd time) (s.a.)
7 Aug 1882 - 29 Jan 1883 Charles Th�odore Eug�ne Duclerc (b. 1813 - d. 1888)
29 Jan 1883 - 21 Feb 1883 Armand Falli�res (s.a.)
21 Feb 1883 - 6 Apr 1885 Jules Ferry (2nd time) (s.a.)
6 Apr 1885 - 7 Jan 1886 Henri Brisson (1st time) (b. 1835 - d. 1912)
7 Jan 1886 - 11 Dec 1886 Charles Louis de Saulces de
Freycinet (3rd time) (s.a.)
11 Dec 1886 - 30 May 1887 Ren� Goblet (b. 1828 - d. 1905)
30 May 1887 - 12 Dec 1887 Maurice Rouvier (1st time) (s.a.)
12 Dec 1887 - 3 Apr 1888 Pierre Emmanuel Tirard (1st time) (b. 1827 - d. 1893)
3 Apr 1888 - 22 Feb 1889 Charles Floquet (b. 1828 - d. 1896)
22 Feb 1889 - 17 Mar 1890 Pierre Emmanuel Tirard (2nd time) (s.a.)
17 Mar 1890 - 27 Feb 1892 Charles Louis de Saulces de
Freycinet (4th time) (s.a.)
27 Feb 1892 - 6 Dec 1892 �mile Loubet (s.a.)
6 Dec 1892 - 4 Apr 1893 Alexandre Ribot (1st time) (b. 1842 - d. 1923)
4 Apr 1893 - 3 Dec 1893 Charles Dupuy (1st time) (s.a.)
3 Dec 1893 - 30 May 1894 Jean Casimir-Perier (s.a.)
30 May 1894 - 26 Jan 1895 Charles Dupuy (2nd time) (s.a.)
26 Jan 1895 - 1 Nov 1895 Alexandre Ribot (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Nov 1895 - 29 Apr 1896 L�on Bourgeois (b. 1851 - d. 1925)
29 Apr 1896 - 28 Jun 1898 Jules M�line (b. 1838 - d. 1925)
28 Jun 1898 - 1 Nov 1898 Henri Brisson (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Nov 1898 - 22 Jun 1899 Charles Dupuy (3rd time) (s.a.)
22 Jun 1899 - 7 Jun 1902 Ren� Waldeck-Rousseau (b. 1846 - d. 1904)
7 Jun 1902 - 24 Jan 1905 �mile Combes (b. 1835 - d. 1921)
24 Jan 1905 - 14 Mar 1906 Maurice Rouvier (2nd time) (s.a.)
14 Mar 1906 - 25 Oct 1906 Jean Marie Ferdinand Sarrien (b. 1840 - d. 1915)
25 Oct 1906 - 24 Jul 1909 Georges Clemenceau (1st time) (b. 1841 - d. 1929)
24 Jul 1909 - 2 Mar 1911 Aristide Briand (1st time) (b. 1862 - d. 1932)
2 Mar 1911 - 27 Jun 1911 Antoine Emmanuel Ernest Monis (b. 1846 - d. 1929)
27 Jun 1911 - 14 Jan 1912 Joseph Caillaux (b. 1863 - d. 1934)
14 Jan 1912 - 21 Jan 1913 Raymond Poincar� (1st time) (s.a.)
21 Jan 1913 - 22 Mar 1913 Aristide Briand (2nd time) (s.a.)
22 Mar 1913 - 9 Dec 1913 Louis Barthou (b. 1862 - d. 1934)
9 Dec 1913 - 9 Jun 1914 Gaston Doumergue (1st time) (s.a.)
9 Jun 1914 - 13 Jun 1914 Alexandre Ribot (3rd time) (s.a.)
13 Jun 1914 - 29 Oct 1915 Ren� Viviani (b. 1863 - d. 1925)
29 Oct 1915 - 20 Mar 1917 Aristide Briand (3rd time) (s.a.)
20 Mar 1917 - 12 Sep 1917 Alexandre Ribot (4th time) (s.a.)
12 Sep 1917 - 16 Nov 1917 Paul Painlev� (1st time) (b. 1863 - d. 1933)
16 Nov 1917 - 20 Jan 1920 Georges Clemenceau (2nd time) (s.a.)
20 Jan 1920 - 24 Sep 1920 Alexandre Millerand (s.a.)
24 Sep 1920 - 16 Jan 1921 Georges Leygues (b. 1857 - d. 1933)
16 Jan 1921 - 15 Jan 1922 Aristide Briand (4th time) (s.a.)
15 Jan 1922 - 9 Jun 1924 Raymond Poincar� (2nd time) (s.a.)
9 Jun 1924 - 14 Jun 1924 Fr�d�ric Fran�ois-Marsal (s.a.)
14 Jun 1924 - 17 Apr 1925 �douard Herriot (1st time) (b. 1872 - d. 1957)
17 Apr 1925 - 28 Nov 1925 Paul Painlev� (2nd time) (s.a.)
28 Nov 1925 - 19 Jul 1926 Aristide Briand (5th time) (s.a.)
19 Jul 1926 - 23 Jul 1926 �douard Herriot (2nd time) (s.a.)
23 Jul 1926 - 29 Jul 1929 Raymond Poincar� (3rd time) (s.a.)
29 Jul 1929 - 3 Nov 1929 Aristide Briand (6th time) (s.a.)
3 Nov 1929 - 21 Feb 1930 Andr� Tardieu (1st time) (s.a.)
21 Feb 1930 - 2 Mar 1930 Camille Chautemps (1st time) (b. 1885 - d. 1963)
2 Mar 1930 - 13 Dec 1930 Andr� Tardieu (2nd time) (s.a.)
13 Dec 1930 - 27 Jan 1931 Th�odore Steeg (b. 1868 - d. 1950)
27 Jan 1931 - 20 Feb 1932 Pierre Laval (1st time) (b. 1883 - d. 1945)
20 Feb 1932 - 3 Jun 1932 Andr� Tardieu (3rd time) (s.a.)
3 Jun 1932 - 18 Dec 1932 �douard Herriot (3rd time) (s.a.)
18 Dec 1932 - 31 Jan 1933 Joseph Paul-Boncour (b. 1873 - d. 1972)
31 Jan 1933 - 26 Oct 1933 �douard Daladier (1st time) (b. 1884 - d. 1970)
26 Oct 1933 - 26 Nov 1933 Albert Sarraut (1st time) (b. 1872 - d. 1962)
26 Nov 1933 - 30 Jan 1934 Camille Chautemps (2nd time) (s.a.)
30 Jan 1934 - 9 Feb 1934 �douard Daladier (2nd time) (s.a.)
9 Feb 1934 - 8 Nov 1934 Gaston Doumergue (2nd time) (s.a.)
8 Nov 1934 - 1 Jun 1935 Pierre �tienne Flandin (b. 1889 - d. 1958)
1 Jun 1935 - 7 Jun 1935 Fernand Bouisson (b. 1874 - d. 1959)
7 Jun 1935 - 24 Jan 1936 Pierre Laval (2nd time) (s.a.)
24 Jan 1936 - 4 Jun 1936 Albert Sarraut (2nd time) (s.a.)
4 Jun 1936 - 22 Jun 1937 L�on Blum (1st time) (b. 1872 - d. 1950)
22 Jun 1937 - 13 Mar 1938 Camille Chautemps (3rd time) (s.a.)
13 Mar 1938 - 10 Apr 1938 L�on Blum (2nd time) (s.a.)
10 Apr 1938 - 21 Mar 1940 �douard Daladier (3rd time) (s.a.)
21 Mar 1940 - 16 Jun 1940 Paul Reynaud (b. 1878 - d. 1966)
16 Jun 1940 - 18 Apr 1942 Philippe P�tain (s.a.)
18 Apr 1942 - 17 Aug 1944 Pierre Laval (3rd time) (s.a.)
Chairmen of the National Committee of the Free French
(in London; from 3 Jun 1943 in Algiers)
24 Sep 1941 - 3 Jun 1943 Charles de Gaulle (1st time) (s.a.)
3 Jun 1943 - 9 Nov 1943 Charles de Gaulle (2nd time) (s.a.)
+ Henri Giraud (b. 1879 - d. 1949)
9 Nov 1943 - 3 Jun 1944 Charles de Gaulle (3rd time) (s.a.)
Chairmen of the Provisional Government
3 Jun 1944 - 26 Jan 1946 Charles de Gaulle (s.a.)
26 Jan 1946 - 24 Jun 1946 F�lix Gouin (b. 1884 - d. 1977)
24 Jun 1946 - 16 Dec 1946 Georges Bidault (b. 1899 - d. 1983)
16 Dec 1946 - 16 Jan 1947 L�on Blum (s.a.)
Prime ministers�
22 Jan 1947 - 24 Nov 1947 Paul Ramadier (b. 1888 - d. 1961)
24 Nov 1947 - 26 Jul 1948 Robert Schuman (1st time) (b. 1886 - d. 1963)
26 Jul 1948 - 5 Sep 1948 Andr� Marie (b. 1897 - d. 1974)
5 Sep 1948 - 11 Sep 1948 Robert Schuman (2nd time) (s.a.)
11 Sep 1948 - 28 Oct 1949 Henri Queuille (1st time) (b. 1884 - d. 1970)
28 Oct 1949 - 2 Jul 1950 Georges Bidault (s.a.)
2 Jul 1950 - 12 Jul 1950 Henri Queuille (2nd time) (s.a.)
12 Jul 1950 - 10 Mar 1951 Ren� Pleven (1st time) (b. 1901 - d. 1993)
10 Mar 1951 - 11 Aug 1951 Henri Queuille (3rd time) (s.a.)
11 Aug 1951 - 20 Jan 1952 Ren� Pleven (2nd time) (s.a.)
20 Jan 1952 - 8 Mar 1952 Edgar Faure (1st time) (b. 1908 - d. 1988)
8 Mar 1952 - 8 Jan 1953 Antoine Pinay (b. 1891 - d. 1994)
8 Jan 1953 - 28 Jun 1953 Ren� Mayer (b. 1895 - d. 1972)
28 Jun 1953 - 19 Jun 1954 Joseph Laniel (b. 1889 - d. 1975)
19 Jun 1954 - 23 Feb 1955 Pierre Mend�s-France (b. 1907 - d. 1982)
23 Feb 1955 - 1 Feb 1956 Edgar Faure (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Feb 1956 - 13 Jun 1957 Guy Mollet (b. 1905 - d. 1975)
13 Jun 1957 - 6 Nov 1957 Maurice Bourg�s-Maunoury (b. 1914 - d. 1993)
6 Nov 1957 - 14 May 1958 F�lix Gaillard (b. 1919 - d. 1970)
14 May 1958 - 1 Jun 1958 Pierre Pflimlin (b. 1907 - d. 2000)
1 Jun 1958 - 8 Jan 1959 Charles de Gaulle (s.a.)
8 Jan 1959 - 14 Apr 1962 Michel Debr� (b. 1912 - d. 1996)
14 Apr 1962 - 10 Jul 1968 Georges Pompidou (s.a.)
10 Jul 1968 - 20 Jun 1969 Maurice Couve de Murville (b. 1907 - d. 1999)
20 Jun 1969 - 5 Jul 1972 Jacques Chaban-Delmas (b. 1915 - d. 2000)
5 Jul 1972 - 27 May 1974 Pierre Messmer (b. 1916 - d. 2007)
27 May 1974 - 25 Aug 1976 Jacques Chirac (1st time) (s.a.)
25 Aug 1976 - 21 May 1981 Raymond Barre (b. 1924 - d. 2007)
21 May 1981 - 17 Jul 1984 Pierre Mauroy (b. 1928)
17 Jul 1984 - 20 Mar 1986 Laurent Fabius (b. 1946)
20 Mar 1986 - 10 May 1988 Jacques Chirac (2nd time) (s.a.)
10 May 1988 - 15 May 1991 Michel Rocard (b. 1930)
15 May 1991 - 2 Apr 1992 Edith Cresson (f) (b. 1934)
2 Apr 1992 - 29 Mar 1993 Pierre B�r�govoy (b. 1925 - d. 1993)
29 Mar 1993 - 18 May 1995 �douard Balladur (b. 1929)
18 May 1995 - 3 Jun 1997 Alain Jupp� (b. 1945)
3 Jun 1997 - 6 May 2002 Lionel Jospin (b. 1937)
6 May 2002 - 31 May 2005 Jean-Pierre Raffarin (b. 1948)
31 May 2005 - 17 May 2007 Dominique de Villepin (b. 1953)
17 May 2007 - Fran�ois Fillon (b. 1954)
�The style of the ruler was:
17 Feb 1297 under Arag�n; the king assumes the style of king of Corsica
3 Apr 1559 Corsica is acquired by the Genoese Bank styled Uffizio di
San Giorgio
12 Jun 1564 - 1 Apr 1569 insurrection under a leader styled generale
1637 the heads of state of Genoa assume the style king of Corsica
22 Dec 1730 insurrections begin, under leaders styled generale
30 Jan 1735 independence of Kingdom of Corsica proclaimed
15 Mar 1736 - 10 Jul 1739 adventurer styled king of Corsica (continues in exile, with
renewed attempt in 1743)
7 Jun 1746 independence proclaimed, not recognized by Genoa
1751 Uffizio di San Giorgio resumes control
Feb 1753 independence proclaimed (Corsican Nation)
15 May 1768 (ratified 28 May 1768) Genoa gives France de facto
authority over Corsica
13 Jun 1769 Corsican Nation extinguished
30 Nov 1789 Corsica formally incorporated into France
15 Jun 1794 Corsican Nation reestablished under British control
19 Jun 1794 Kingdom of Corsica under British king
15 Oct 1796 reincorporation into France
12 Apr 1814 Provisional Government Committee established in Bastia
27 Apr 1814 Corsica accepts British protection
18 Jun 1814 Corsica returned to France
13 May 1991 status of collectivit� territoriale
(see under French regions)
Governors
1696 - 1700 Raffaello de Passano
1700 - 1702 Ottone de Fornari
1702 - 1704 Ettore de Fieschi
1704 - 1706 Filippo Doria
1706 - 1708 Filippo Adorno
1708 - 1710 Geronimo Venoroso
1710 - 1711 Filippo Cattaneo de Marini
1711 - 1714 Nigrone Rivarola
1714 - 1716 Paolo Francesco Spinola
1716 - 1717 Marco Aurelio Rebuffo
1717 - 1719 Giovanni Stefano Spinola
1719 - 1721 Bartolomeo Passano
1721 - 1722 Agostino Spinola
1722 - 1724 Antonio de Negroni (1st time)
1724 - 1726 Nicolo Durazzo
1726 - 1728 Antonio de Negroni (2nd time)
1728 - 1729 Alessandro Saluzzo
1729 - 1730 Felice Pinelli
1730 - 1731 Giovanni Francesco Gropallo
1731 Carlo de Fornari
1731 Camilio Doria
1731 - 1733 Paolo Battista Rivarola
Commissioners-general
1733 - 1734 Paolo Gironimo Pallavicini
1734 - 1735 Pier Maria Giustiniani (1st time)
+ Ugo Fieschi
1735 - 1736 Felice Pinelli
1736 - 1737 Paolo Battista Rivarola
1737 - 1740 Giovanni Battista de Mari
1740 - 1743 Domenico Maria Spinola
1743 - 1745 Pier Maria Giustiniani (2nd time)
1745 - 1751 Stefano de Mari
1751 - 1755 Giovanni Giacomo Grimaldi
1755 - 1762 Giuseppe Maria Doria
1762 - 1764 Giovanni Battista Saoli
1764 - 1768 Agostino Sperone
Generals
22 Dec 1730 - May 1732 Carlo Francesco Raffaelli
(styled generalissimo, but playing no leading part)
+ Luigi Giafferi
+ Andrea Colonna Ceccaldi
12 Jan 1734 - 173. Giacinto Paoli (b. 1702 - d. 1768)
+ Luigi Giafferi
(from 12 May 1734)
30 Jan 1735 - 15 Mar 1736 Leaders of the Realm
- Giacinto Paoli (s.a.)
- Luigi Giafferi
- Andrea Colonna Ceccaldi
10 Aug 1735 - 173. Luca Ornano
King
15 Mar 1736 - 10 Jul 1739 Teodoro I Antonio Stefano
(1st time) (b. 1694 - d. 1756)
10 Nov 1736 - 10 Jul 1739 Regency
- Giacinto Paoli (s.a.)
- Luigi Giafferi
- Luca Ornano
1 Feb 1743 - 16 Mar 1743 Teodoro I Antonio Stefano
(2nd time) (s.a.)
(Regency continues to at least 20 Jul 1743, and some
assemblies [Consulte] continue to proclaim loyalty to
Teodoro I as late as 24 Jun 1744)
Chairman of the Protectors
7 Jun 1746 - 1 Aug 1751 Ignazio Venturini
(appointed 30 Aug 1745)
General Heads of the Nation
Jan 1753 - 2 Oct 1753 Conte Giovanni Pietro Gaffori (b. 1710 - d. 1753)
22 Oct 1753 - 15 Jul 1755 Supreme Council
(chairman in rotation, in order given)
- Carlo Grimaldi
- Clemente Paoli
- Santucci Tomassio
- Simone Pietro Frediani
- ...
15 Jul 1755 - 13 Jun 1769 Filippo Antonio Pasquale Paoli (b. 1725 - d. 1807)
10 Aug 1755 - Oct 1755 Mario Emanuele Matra (1st time) (b. ... - d. 1757)
(in rebellion)
Jan 1757 - 28 Mar 1757 Mario Emanuele Matra (2nd time) (s.a.)
(in rebellion)
Governors
1768 Fran�ois Claude, marquis de
Chauvelin (b. 1716 - d. 1773)
1768 - 1769 Louis Charles Ren�, comte de
Marbeuf (1st time) (acting) (b. 1712 - d. 1786)
1769 - 1770 No�l de Jourda, comte de Vaux (b. 1705 - d. 1788)
1770 - 1772 Louis Charles Ren�, comte de
Marbeuf (2nd time) (s.a.)
1772 - 1775 Jean Fran�ois, comte de Narbonne (b. 1725 - d. ...)
(acting)
1775 - 1786 Louis Charles Ren�, comte de
Marbeuf, (from 1778) marquis de
Carg�se (3rd time) (s.a.)
1786 - 1789 Armand Charles, vicomte de Barrin
de la Galissoni�re (b. 1723 - d. ...)
President of the Consulta
15 Jun 1794 - 19 Jun 1794 Filippo Antonio Pasquale Paoli (s.a.)
(appointed 10 Jun 1794)
King
- Hannover dynasty -
19 Jun 1794 - 15 Oct 1796 Giorgio
(= George III of Great Britain) (b. 1738 - d. 1820)
Governor
27 Apr 1814 - 18 Jun 1814 Henri Montresor
1274 papal possession (though not part of the Papal States)
9 Jun 1768 - 30 Apr 1774 French occupation
12 Jun 1790 end of papal rule
14 Sep 1791 annexed by France
Vice-legats of Avignon
1696 - 1700 Filippo Antonio Gualteri
1700 Giovanni Battista Cicci
1700 - 1703 Antonio Francesco Sanvitali
1703 - 1706 Antonio Banchieri
1706 Francesco Maurizio Gontieri
(1st time)
1706 - 1711 Sinibaldo Doria
1711 - 1717 Alamanno Salviati
1717 - 1719 Francesco Maurizio Gontieri
(2nd time)
1719 - 1731 Raniero d'Elci
1731 Francesco Maurizio Gontieri
(3rd time)
1731 - 1739 Filippo Buondelmonte
1739 Marcelo Crescenzi
1739 - 1744 Niccol� Maria Lercari
1744 - 1754 Pasquale Acquaviva
1754 - 1760 Paolo Passionei
1760 - 1766 Gregorio Salviati
1766 - 1767 Francesco Maria Manzi (1st time) (b. 1694 - d. 1774)
1767 - 1768 Giuseppe Vincentini
9 Jun 1768 - 30 Apr 1774 Jean Roger, marquis de
Rochechouart (French governor)
1774 Francesco Maria Manzi (2nd time) (s.a.)
1775 - 1776 Angelo Maria Durini
1776 - 1787 Giacomo Filomarino della Rocca
1787 - 1790 Filippo Casoni
Rectors of Comtat Venaissin
1698 - 1702 Flavio Barbarossa
1702 - 1707 Francesco Maria Abbati (1st time)
1707 - 1711 Bernardino Giunigi
1711 Carlo Francesco Gallarini
1711 - 1712 Francesco Maria Abbati (2nd time)
1712 - 1716 Alessandro Francesco Codebo
1716 - 1733 Ottavio Gasparini
1733 - 1738 Azzolino Cervini
1738 - 1745 Alessandro Guiccioli
1745 Domenico Giuseppe Inguiberti (b. 1683 - d. 1757)
1745 - 1753 Gaspard de Sainte-Croix
1753 - 1755 Tommaso Galli
1755 - 1758 Fortunato Savini
1758 - 1768 Carlo Manzoni
1774 - 1776 Dionisio Francesco Regis Valoris
1776 - 1785 Giulio Cesare Zollio
1785 - 1787 Giuseppe Beni
1787 - 1790 Cristofano Pieracchi (b. 1741 - d. 1797)
1674 French colony
Jan 1809 - 8 Nov 1817 Portuguese/Brazilian rule
19 Mar 1946 French overseas d�partement
Governors
1691 - 1700 Pierre El�onore de la Ville,
marquis de F�rolles (3rd time) (b. 16... - d. 1705)
1700 - 1701 R�my Guillouet d'Orvilliers
(1st time) (b. 16... - d. 1713)
1701 - 5 Aug 1705 Pierre El�onore de la Ville,
marquis de F�rolles (4th time) (s.a.)
1705 - 1706 Antoine de Querci de Rionville
1706 - 1713 R�my Guillouet d'Orvilliers
(2nd time) (s.a.)
1713 - 1716 Pierre de Morthon de Laumi�re
de Grandville
1716 - 1720 Claude Guillouet d'Orvilliers
(1st time) (b. 1668 - d. 1728)
1720 - 1722 Fran�ois de la Motte-Aigron
1722 - 1728 Claude Guillouet d'Orvilliers
(2nd time) (s.a.)
1729 - 1730 Michel Narshalek de Charanville
1730 Gilbert Guillouet d'Orvilliers
(1st time)
1730 - 30 Aug 1736 Henri Dussault de Lamirande (b. ... - d. 1736)
1736 Henri de Poilvillain de Grenay
1736 - 1738 Gilbert Guillouet d'Orvilliers
(2nd time)
1738 - 1743 Antoine Le Moyne de Chateauguay (b. 1683 - d. 1747)
1743 - 1751 Gilbert Guillouet d'Orvilliers
(3rd time)
1751 - 1752 Jean Baptiste Hyacinthe de
Saint-Michel Dunezat (1st time)
1752 - 1753 Gilbert Guillouet d'Orvilliers
(4th time)
1753 - 1757 Jean Baptiste Hyacinthe de
Saint-Michel Dunezat (2nd time)
1757 - 1763 Gilbert Guillouet d'Orvilliers
(5th time)
1763 - 1764 Jean Pierre Antoine de B�hague
(1st time) (b. 1727 - d. 1813)
1764 Louis Thomas Jacau de Fiedmond
(1st time)
1764 - 1765 �tienne Fran�ois de Turgot (b. 1721 - d. 1789)
1765 - 1766 Jean Pierre Antoine de B�hague
(2nd time) (s.a.)
1766 - 1781 Louis Thomas Jacau de Fiedmond
(2nd time)
1781 - 1785 Ferdinand Alexandre de Bessner
1785 Louis de Lavalli�re
1785 - 1787 Thomas de FitzMaurice
May 1787 - 22 Oct 1788 Pierre Fran�ois de Mareuilh de
Villeboi (b. ... - d. 1788)
1788 - 1789 Charles Guillaume Vial d'Alais
1789 - 1791 Jacques Martin de Bourgon
1791 - 1792 Henri Beno�t
1792 - 1793 Fr�d�ric Guillot
14 Apr 1793 - Nov 1794 Nicolas Georges Jeannet-Oudin
(1st time) (b. 1762 - d. 1828)
Nov 1794 - Apr 1796 Fran�ois Maurice Cointet de
Fillain (b. 1766 - d. 1809)
Apr 1796 - Nov 1798 Nicolas Georges Jeannet-Oudin
(2nd time) (s.a.)
Nov 1798 - 2 Dec 1799 Pierre Burnel (b. 1762 - d. ...)
13 Dec 1799 - 8 Jan 1800 �tienne Franconie (b. 1729? - d. 18...)
8 Jan 1800 - 1809 Victor Hugues (b. 1762 - d. 1826)
1809 - 8 Nov 1817 Jo�o Severiano Maciel da Costa (b. 1769 - d. 1833)
(Portuguese governor)
1817 - 1819 Jean-Fran�ois Carra Saint-Cyr (b. 1756 - d. 1834)
25 Jan 1819 - 12 Mar 1823 Pierre Cl�ment de Laussat (b. 1756 - d. 1835)
1823 - 1825 Pierre Bernard de Milius (b. 1773 - d. 1829)
1825 - 1826 Charles Emmanuel de Muyssard
1826 - 1827 Joseph Burgues de Missiessy
1827 - 1829 Louis Henri de Saulces de
Freycinet (b. 1777 - d. 1840)
1 Jun 1829 - 11 Apr 1836 Jean-Guillaume Jubelin (b. 1787 - d. 18...)
1836 - 1837 Fran�ois Dominique Laurens de
Choisy
1837 - 1839 Paul de Nourquer du Camper
1839 - 1841 Augustin Gourbeyre (b. 1786 - d. 1845)
1841 - 1843 Guillaume Charmasson de Puylaval (b. 1780 - d. 18...)
1843 - 1845 Jean-Fran�ois Layrle (b. 1791 - d. 1881)
1845 - 1846 Jean Baptiste Armand Bertrand
Cad�ot
18 Feb 1846 - 16 May 1850 Andr� Aim� Pariset (b. 1795 - d. 1872)
1850 - 6 Jan 1851 Louis Eug�ne Maissin (b. 1811 - d. 1851)
1851 Jean Fran�ois Marie F�lix
Stanislas Vidal de Lingendes (b. 1796 - d. ...)
Mar 1851 - May 1852 Octave Pierre Antoine Henri de
Chabannes-Curton (b. 1803 - d. 1889)
1852 - 1853 Joseph Napol�on Sarda-Garriga (b. 1808 - d. 1877)
1853 - 1854 Martin Fourichon (b. 1809 - d. 1884)
1854 - 1855 Louis Adolphe Bonard (b. 1805 - d. 1867)
1855 - Jan 1856 Antoine Alphonse Masset
Jan 1856 - 1859 Auguste Baudin (b. 1800 - d. 1877)
15 May 1859 - 1 May 1864 Louis Tardy de Montravel (b. 1811 - d. 1864)
1864 - 1865 Antoine Favre
1865 - 1870 Agathon Hennique (b. 1810 - d. 1870)
30 Apr 1870 - Aug 1877 Jean-Louis Loub�re (b. 1820 - d. ...)
(acting to 1871)
1877 - 1880 Marie Alfred Armand Huart (b. 1826 - d. ...)
1880 - 1883 Charles Alexandre Lacouture (b. 1829 - d. 1917)
1883 - 1884 Henri Isidore Chess� (b. 1839 - d. ...)
1884 - 1885 Jean Baptiste Antoine Lougnon (b. 1843 - d. ...)
1885 - 1887 L�once Pierre Henri Le Cardinal (b. 1830 - d. ...)
1888 - 1891 Anne L�odor Philot�e Metellus
Gerville-R�ache (b. 1849 - d. ...)
Apr 1891 - 1893 Albert Grodet (1st time) (acting) (b. 1853 - d. 1933)
1893 Paul Fawtier (b. 1837 - d. 1903)
24 Apr 1893 - 4 Aug 1895 Camille Charvein (b. 1834 - d. ...)
30 Aug 1895 - 13 Jun 1896 Henri de Lamothe (b. 1843 - d. 1926)
1896 - 1898 Henri Danel (b. 1850 - d. ...)
1898 Henri Charles Roberdeau (b. 1849 - d. 1916)
1899 Louis Mouttet (b. 1857 - d. 1902)
1899 - 1903 �mile Merwart
1903 - 1904 Albert Grodet (2nd time) (s.a.)
1905 Charles Marchal (b. 1855 - d. 1917)
1905 - 1906 Victor Fran�ois Ferdinand Rey
1906 Louis Alphonse Bonhoure (b. 1864 - d. 1909)
20 Jan 1906 - 5 Jul 1907 �douard Picanon (b. 1854 - d. 1939)
1907 - 1909 Fran�ois Pierre Rodier (b. 1854 - d. 19...)
1909 - 1910 William Maurice Fawtier (b. 1867 - d. 19...)
1910 Fernand Ernest Th�rond
1910 - 31 May 1911 Paul Samary (b. 1848 - d. 1911)
1911 Denys Joseph Goujon (b. 1863 - d. 19...)
1911 - 1914 Pierre Jean Henri Didelot
(1st time) (b. 1870 - d. 19...)
1914 - 1916 Fernand Levecque (b. 1852 - d. 19...)
1916 Pierre Jean Henri Didelot
(2nd time) (s.a.)
1916 - 1917 Georges L�vy (b. 1867 - d. 19...)
1917 Jules G�rard Auguste Lauret (b. 1866 - d. 19...)
1917 - 1918 Antoine Joseph Xavier Barre
1918 - 1923 Henri Alphonse Joseph Lejeune
1923 Julien Edgard Cantau
20 Nov 1923 - 1926 Marc �mile Chanel (b. 1882 - d. 1943)
1926 - 1927 Gabriel Henri Joseph Thaly
1927 Adrien Juvanon (b. 1875 - d. 19...)
1927 - 1928 �mile Buhot-Launay (b. 1881 - d. 1970)
1928 - 1929 Camille Th�odore Raoul Maillet
1929 - 1931 Bernard Jacques Victorin Siadous
27 May 1931 - 1933 Louis Bouge (acting) (b. 1878 - d. 1960)
1933 - 1935 Julien Georges Lamy
2 Jun 1935 - 1936 Max de Masson de Saint-F�lix (b. ... - d. 1939)
1936 Pierre Tap
1936 - 1938 Ren� Veber (1st time)
1938 - 1942 Robert Paul Chot-Plassot
1942 - 1943 Ren� Veber (2nd time)
1943 - 1944 Jean Rapenne (b. 1901)
1944 - 1946 Jules Surlemont (acting) (b. 1897 - d. 1983)
1946 Jean Pezet
Prefects (10 May 1982 - 24 Feb 1988, commissioners of the republic)
16 Aug 1947 - 1 Jun 1955 Robert Vignon (b. 1910 - d. 1989)
1 Jun 1955 - 16 Sep 1957 Pierre Malvy (b. 1909)
1 Oct 1957 - 1 Nov 1958 Pierre Voitellier (b. 1910)
13 Oct 1958 - 1 Dec 1960 Andr� Dubois-Chabert (b. 1913 - d. 1992)
(acting for Voitellier to 1 Nov 1958)
1 Dec 1960 - 1 Dec 1963 Ren� Erignac (b. 1909)
1 Dec 1963 - 16 Aug 1967 Ren� Letellier (b. 1914)
16 Aug 1967 - 16 Jul 1970 Paul Bouteiller (b. 1921)
16 Jul 1970 - 1 Feb 1972 Jean Monfraix (b. 1918)
1 Feb 1972 - 8 Feb 1974 Jacques Robert Delaunay (b. 1921)
5 Mar 1974 - 20 May 1977 Herv� Bourseillier (b. 1925)
20 May 1977 - 10 Feb 1980 Jean Le Direach (b. 1924)
10 Feb 1980 - 27 Jul 1981 Antoine Carli (b. 1924)
27 Jul 1981 - 22 Jul 1982 Maxime Gonzalvo (b. 1917)
Jul 1982 - 1984 Claude Silberzahn (b. 1935)
1984 - 1986 Bernard Courtois (b. 1935)
1986 - Aug 1988 Jacques Dewatre (b. 1936)
22 Aug 1988 - 16 May 1990 Jean-Pierre Lacroix (b. 1942)
19 Jun 1990 - May 1992 Jean-Fran�ois Di Chiara (b. 1941?)
27 May 1992 - 6 Jan 1995 Jean-Fran�ois Cordet (b. 1951)
6 Jan 1995 - 3 Feb 1997 Pierre Dartout (b. 1954)
3 Feb 1997 - 2 Aug 1999 Dominique Vian (b. 1944)
2 Aug 1999 - 2 Sep 2002 Henri Masse (b. 1947)
2 Sep 2002 - Aug 2006 Ange Mancini (b. 1944)
28 Aug 2006 - Feb 2009 Jean-Pierre Laflaqui�re (b. 1947)
19 Feb 2009 - Daniel Ferey (b. 1947)
Presidents of the General Council
1982 - 1983 Georges Othily (b. 1944)
1983 - Mar 1994 Elie Castor (b. 1943 - d. 1996)
Mar 1994 - 30 Mar 1998 St�phan Phinera-Horth
30 Mar 1998 - 26 Mar 2001 Andr� Lecante (b. 1941?)
26 Mar 2001 - 4 Apr 2004 Joseph Ho-Ten-You (b. 1942)
4 Apr 2004 - 20 Mar 2008 Pierre D�sert (b. 1944)
20 Mar 2008 - Alain Tien-Long (b. 1963)
Otaheiti (Tahiti)
1791 the numerous districts of the island of Otaheiti (called
Tahiti by the Europeans), each ruled by an ari`i, most
descended from partly legendary rulers of the whole island,
come under the loose leadership of an ari`i rahi (called
king by the Europeans)
1842 Otaheiti becomes a French protectorate
1847 the queen assumes the style of Queen of the Society Islands
and their Dependencies
30 Dec 1880 annexation by France
Rulers (title Ari`i rahi)
13 Feb 1791 - 3 Sep 1803 Vai ra`a toa T� Pomare I (b. 1743 - d. 1803)
(de facto paramount ruler from 1768, first as ari`i,
then from 1774 as regent for the following)
3 Sep 1803 - 22 Dec 1808 Pomare II (1st time) (b. 1774 - d. 1821)
(succeeded the preceding at birth 1774 as ari`i)
22 Dec 1808 - 15 Nov 1815 vacant
15 Nov 1815 - 7 Dec 1821 Pomare II (2nd time) (s.a.)
7 Dec 1821 - 8 Jan 1827 Teri`i tari`a Pomare III (b. 1820 - d. 1827)
7 Dec 1821 - 8 Jan 1827 Teri`i tari`a Ari`i paea vahine
(f) (regent) (b. 1790 - d. 1858)
11 Jan 1827 - 17 Sep 1877 `Aimata Pomare IV Vahine (f) (b. 1813 - d. 1877)
17 Sep 1877 - 30 Dec 1880 Ari`i aue Pomare V (b. 1839 - d. 1891)
Ra`iatea and Taha`a
c.1300 Ra`iatea, poetically referred to as Havai`i, is regarded
as the legendary centre of Polynesian dispersion
c.1800 Tamatoa II unites the several districts of Ra`iatea and
becomes sole ruler
1831 the ruler of Ra`iatea also becomes ruler of Taha`a, which
up to that date had been fragmented into several districts
1857 annexation by Otaheiti
1860 independence recovered
16 Mar 1888 annexation by France
Rulers (title Ari`i)
... - ... Taraoari`i Tamatoa II fa`o
... - 1831 Vete`a ra`i Tamatoa III (b. c.1757 - d. 1831)
1831 - 19 Aug 1857 Moe`ore Tamatoa IV (b. c.1797 - d. 1857)
19 Aug 1857 - 8 Feb 1871 Tamatoa V a Tu (b. 1842 - d. 1881)
8 Feb 1871 - 1881 Tahi toe II (b. ... - d. 1881)
1881 - 18 Mar 1884 Rereao Hau roa ari`i (f) (b. ... - d. 1884)
18 Mar 1884 - 16 Mar 1888 Te uru ra`i Ari`i mate Tamatoa VI
a Tautu (b. 1853 - d. ...)
Porapora (Borabora)
c.1500 Porapora, also called Vavau, has a lineage of rulers
19 Mar 1888 annexation by France
Rulers (title Ari`i)
... - 1812 Te ari`i noho ra`i Tapoa I (b. 17... - d. 1812)
... - ... Ma`i (co-ruler with preceding)
1812 - Mar 1860 Tapoa II (b. 1808 - d. 1860)
(styled Pomare abu rahi as husband
of Queen Pomare IV of Otaheiti)
26 Jul 1860 - 12 Feb 1873 Te ari`i maeva rua I (f) (b. 1841 - d. 1873)
12 Feb 1873 - 19 Mar 1888 Te ari`i maeva rua II (f) (b. 1871 - d. 1932)
1873 - 1876 Temauiari`i a Mai (regent) (b. 1849 - d. 1911)
Huahine
16 Mar 1888 annexation by France
Rulers (title Ari`i)
- Te hau mo`o rere dynasty -
*1777* Te ha`a papa I Te `i`oa tua
Teri`i tari`a (f)
1814 - 2 Feb 1838 Mahine Te hei `ura Puru (b. c.1761 - d. 1838)
18.. - 1852 Teri`i tari`a Ari`i paea vahine
(f) (b. 1790 - d. 1858)
1852 - 18 Mar 1854 Ma`i hara Te ma ri`i Ari`i peu
vahine (f) (b. 1822 - d. 1877)
18 Mar 1854 - 1868 Te uru ra`i Ari`i mate (b. ... - d. 1874)
1868 - 16 Mar 1888 Te ha`a papa II (f) (b. ... - d. 1891)
22 Feb 1888 - 22 Jul 1890 Temari`i Ma`ihara Te uhe (f) (b. c.1838 - d. 1891)
(in rebellion)
1893 - Sep 1895 Te ari`i na vaho roa Te ha`a
papa III (f) (b. 1879 - d. 1917)
(in rebellion)
c.1800 Aureka lineage becomes the ruling Ngaitapana dynasty
6 Mar 1881 annexation by France, but kingship continues
18 Jun 1887 kingship abolished
Kings (title Ariki)
- Ngaitapana dynasty -
c.1800 - ... Koroi
(jointly with following)
c.1800 - ... Teraau tamaiti
... - ... Pirimaiteiti
*1817 - 1825 Tereau
1825 - 18.. Awariki
*1863* Aperahama
*1867 - 1886 Te Paarima = Tereau
1886 - 18 Jun 1887 ... (f)
1881 annexation of Gambier Islands, including Mangareva, to
France
Rulers (title `Akariki)
... - ... O`oke`u
... - ... Te-Makorotau-eriki
... - ... Te-Mangi-tutavake
... - ... Teiti-a-tuou (usurper)
... - ... Te-`Akariki-tea + Te-`Akariki-pangu
... - ... Te-Oa + Te-Ma`uru + Te-Ma-tetama
... - 1830 Te-Ma-teoa + Mataira
1830 - 1857 Te-Ma-puteoa (from 1836, Gr�goire
Stanislas dit Gregorio I Te-Ma-puteoa)
1857 - 1868 Joseph Gregorio II
1868 - 1869 Maria Eutokia Toaputeitou (regent)
1869 - 1873 Aarona Te-Ika-tohara (regent)
1873 - 1881 Bernardo Teaoiti (regent)
1 May 1842 chiefs of the Marquesas Islands cede sovereignty to France;
other islands are annexed until 1900 (French Settlements in
Oceania)
27 Oct 1946 overseas territory
22 Jul 1957 French Polynesia
28 Mar 2003 overseas collectivit�
27 Feb 2004 overseas country
Governors (1849-54 and 1860-81 commandants)
1843 - 1847 Armand Joseph Bruat (b. 1796 - d. 1855)
1847 - 1850 Charles Fran�ois Lavaud (b. 1798 - d. 1878)
1850 - 1852 Louis Adolphe Bonard (b. 1805 - d. 1867)
1852 - 1854 Th�og�ne Fran�ois Page (b. 1807 - d. 1867)
1854 - 1858 Joseph Fid�le Eug�ne du Bouzet (b. 1805 - d. 1867)
1858 Jean-Marie Saisset (b. 1810 - d. 1879)
1858 - 1864 Eug�ne Gaultier de la Richerie (b. 1820 - d. 1886)
1864 - 1869 �mile, comte de la Ronci�re (b. 1803 - d. 1874)
1869 - 1871 Michel Louis Isidore de Jouslard (b. 1814 - d. 1872)
1871 - 1873 Hippolyte Auguste Girard (b. 1822 - d. ...)
1873 - 1876 Octave Bernard Gilbert-Pierre (b. 1817 - d. ...)
1876 - 1877 Antoine L�once Michaux (b. 1822 - d. ...)
1877 Joseph Henri Brunet-Millet (b. 1821 - d. ...)
1877 - 1878 Auguste Marie �douard d'Oncieu
de la B�tie (b. 1833 - d. ...)
1878 - 1880 Jacques Ferdinand Planche (b. 1829 - d. 1894)
1880 - 1881 Henri Isidore Chess� (b. 1839 - d. ...)
1881 - 1883 Fr�d�ric Jean Dorlodot des Essarts (b. 1832 - d. ...)
1883 - 1885 Marie Nicolas Fran�ois Auguste
Morau (b. 1832 - d. ...)
1885 - 1886 Delphino Moracchini (acting) (b. 1846 - d. 1903)
1886 - 1893 �tienne Th�odore Lacascade (b. 1841 - d. 1906)
1893 Adolphe Jean Granier de Cassagnac (b. 1849 - d. ...)
(acting)
1893 Lucien Bommier (acting)
1893 Jean Ours (acting)
1893 - 1896 Clovis Papinaud (b. 1844 - d. 1900)
1896 - 1901 Gustave Pierre Th�odore Gallet (b. 1850 - d. 19...)
1901 Victor Rey (acting)
1901 - 1904 �douard Petit (b. 1856 - d. 1904)
1904 Victor Lanrezac (b. 1854 - d. 19...)
1904 - 1905 Henri Cor (acting)
1905 - 1907 Philippe �mile Jullien (b. 1845 - d. 1912)
1907 - 1908 �lie Charlier (acting)
1908 - 1910 Joseph Fran�ois (b. 1853 - d. 19...)
1910 - 1912 Adrien Bonhoure (b. 1860 - d. 19...)
1912 Charles Hostein (acting)
1912 - 1913 L�on G�raud (acting)
1913 - 1915 William Maurice Fawtier (b. 1867 - d. 19...)
Oct 1915 - 1919 Gustave Julien (b. 1870 - d. 1936)
1919 - Apr 1919 Simoneau (acting)
Apr 1919 - Jan 1921 Jocelyn Robert (acting)
Jan 1921 - Apr 1921 Gabriel Henri Joseph Thaly
(acting)
Apr 1921 - Nov 1921 Auguste Gu�d�s (b. 1871 - d. 19...)
Sep 1922 - Jan 1927 Louis Rivet (b. 1869 - d. 19...)
Jan 1927 - Feb 1928 Alfred Solari (acting)
Feb 1928 - Jun 1930 Louis Bouge (acting) (b. 1878 - d. 1960)
21 Jun 1930 - 18 Jun 1932 L�once Jore (b. 1882 - d. 1975)
Jun 1932 - Jun 1933 Alfred L�on Bouchet (acting)
Jun 1933 - May 1935 Lucien Montagn� (b. 1886 - d. 1942)
May 1935 - Mar 1937 Henri Sautot (acting) (b. 1885 - d. 1963)
Mar 1937 - 4 Sep 1940 Jean Chastenet de G�ry (b. 1889 - d. 1976)
4 Sep 1940 - 12 Sep 1940 Provisional Government
- �douard Ahnne (b. 1867 - d. 1945)
- Georges Lagarde
- �mile Martin
- Georges Bambridge (b. 1887 - d. 1942)
12 Sep 1940 - 5 Nov 1940 Edmond Mansard
5 Nov 1940 - 18 Jun 1941 �mile de Curton (b. 1908)
18 Jun 1941 - Nov 1941 Richard Brunot (b. 1883 - d. 1958)
Nov 1941 - 1945 Georges Orselli
1945 - 1947 Jean-Camille Haumant (b. 1898 - d. 1955)
1947 - 1949 Pierre Louis Maestracci
1949 - 1950 Armand Anziani (b. 1904 - d. 1960)
1950 Louis Girault (acting)
1950 - 1954 Ren� Petitbon (b. 1902 - d. 19...)
Sep 1954 - 1958 Jean Toby (b. 1900 - d. 1964)
1958 Camille Bailly (acting) (b. 1907 - d. 1984)
1958 - 1961 Pierre Sicaud (b. 1911 - d. 1998)
Dec 1961 - Jan 1965 Aim� Grimald (b. 1903 - d. 2000)
14 Jan 1965 - 4 Feb 1969 Jean Sicurani (b. 1915 - d. 1977)
Feb 1969 - 1973 Pierre Angeli (b. 1921 - d. 2008)
1973 - 1975 Daniel Videau (b. 1920)
4 Dec 1975 - 13 Jul 1977 Charles Schmitt (b. 1922 - d. 1977)
High commissioners
13 Jul 1977 - 31 Oct 1977 Charles Schmitt (s.a.)
18 Dec 1977 - 27 Jul 1981 Paul Cousseran (b. 1922 - d. 2000)
27 Jul 1981 - 15 Jan 1983 Paul Noirot-Cosson (b. 1924 - d. 1997)
15 Jan 1983 - 28 Mar 1985 Alain Ohrel (b. 1935)
Mar 1985 - 1986 Bernard G�rard (b. 1932)
Apr 1986 - 10 Nov 1987 Pierre Angeli (s.a.)
28 Nov 1987 - 3 Jan 1992 Jean Montpezat (b. 1937)
31 Jan 1992 - 8 Aug 1994 Michel Jau (b. 1951)
8 Aug 1994 - 27 Aug 1997 Paul Ronci�re (b. 1942)
27 Aug 1997 - 8 Oct 1997 Michel Jeanjean (acting) (b. 1951)
8 Oct 1997 - 24 Oct 2001 Jean Aribaud (b. 1943)
24 Oct 2001 - 17 Nov 2001 Christian Massinon (acting) (b. 1946)
17 Nov 2001 - 30 Jul 2005 Michel Mathieu (b. 1944)
30 Jul 2005 - 10 Sep 2005 Jacques Michaut (acting) (b. 1946)
10 Sep 2005 - 29 Jun 2008 Anne Boquet (f) (b. 1952)
29 Jun 2008 - 7 Jul 2008 Eric Spitz (acting) (b. 1963)
7 Jul 2008 - Adolphe Colrat (b. 1955)
Vice presidents of the Government Council
1957 - 11 Oct 1958 Pouvanaa a Oopa (b. 1895 - d. 1977)
1977 - 3 Jun 1982 Francis Sanford (b. 1912 - d. 1996)
3 Jun 1982 - 14 Sep 1984 Gaston Flosse (b. 1931)
Presidents of the Government
14 Sep 1984 - 12 Feb 1987 Gaston Flosse (1st time) (s.a.)
12 Feb 1987 - 9 Dec 1987 Jacques Teuira (b. 1933)
9 Dec 1987 - 4 Apr 1991 Alexandre L�ontieff (b. 1948 - d. 2009)
4 Apr 1991 - 27 Feb 2004 Gaston Flosse (2nd time) (s.a.)
Presidents
27 Feb 2004 - 14 Jun 2004 Gaston Flosse (1st time) (s.a.)
14 Jun 2004 - 23 Oct 2004 Oscar Temaru (1st time) (b. 1944)
23 Oct 2004 - 3 Mar 2005 Gaston Flosse (2nd time) (s.a.)
3 Mar 2005 - 26 Dec 2006 Oscar Temaru (2nd time) (s.a.)
26 Dec 2006 - 13 Sep 2007 Gaston Tong Sang (1st time) (b. 1949)
13 Sep 2007 - 23 Feb 2008 Oscar Temaru (3rd time) (s.a.)
23 Feb 2008 - 15 Apr 2008 Gaston Flosse (3rd time) (s.a.)
15 Apr 2008 - 11 Feb 2009 Gaston Tong Sang (2nd time) (s.a.)
11 Feb 2009 - 24 Nov 2009 Oscar Temaru (4th time) (s.a.)
24 Nov 2009 - Gaston Tong Sang (3rd time) (s.a.)
6 Aug 1955 French overseas territory (detached from Madagascar)
28 Mar 2003 category of "overseas territory" removed in French
constitutional revision; organization of French Southern and
Antarctic Lands to be determined by law; no change in de facto
status
Administrators-superior
1955 - 1959 Xavier Richert (b. 1913 - d. 1992)
1959 - 1972 Pierre Rolland (b. 1918 - d. 1988)
1973 - 1979 Roger Barberot (b. 1915 - d. 2002)
1979 - 1982 Francis Jacquemont (b. 1932)
1982 - 1987 Claude Pieri (b. 1922 - d. 2002)
25 Mar 1987 - May 1990 Claude Corbier (b. 1927)
16 May 1990 - 4 Dec 1991 Bernard de Gouttes (b. 1945)
4 Dec 1991 - 8 Feb 1996 Christian Dors (b. 1954)
14 Mar 1996 - 25 Mar 1998 Pierre Lise (b. 1937)
25 Mar 1998 - 26 Jan 2000 Brigitte Girardin (f) (b. 1953)
14 Feb 2000 - 24 May 2000 Jean-Yves Hermoso (interim)
24 May 2000 - 21 Jan 2005 Fran�ois Garde (b. 1959)
21 Jan 2005 - 28 Feb 2007 Michel Champon (b. 1952)
28 Feb 2007 - 10 Apr 2007 Alain Mauroy (interim) (b. 1946)
10 Apr 2007 - Sep 2008 �ric Pilloton (b. 1964)
16 Oct 2008 - Rollon Mouchel-Blaisot (b. 1959)