Web Help

New to browsing or HTML authoring? Shopping? Or just want some solid information? You've come to the right party.

Browsing

How to browse smartly. Find what you want. Get what you want. With minimum fuss.

Browsers

You're using one now. But these are the ones I recommend.

Use the reload button if you really want the latest version of static (.html) sites, even if you just opened your browser.
File your bookmarks in categories for easier access.

Mozilla
Mozilla is the browser that Netscape and many other browsers are based on. Netscape 7 is based on Mozilla 1.1. I used to recommend Netscape 4.7, but it actually has quite a few bugs that prevent some sites from looking nice or even loading (mostly due to lack of CSS support). Mozilla is essentially the non-bloated version of Netscape 7. Mozilla is open-source but high security, and is always getting better. Fully Netscape-compatible. Available for Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, Solaris, just about everything current.

Mozilla Firefox (resident pick!)
Check out my pick for my regular browser, Mozilla Firefox, the stand-alone browser that will be merged into the main Mozilla suite soon, now that Firefox has passed the 1.0 final release (currently 1.5). Why?

It is very standards-compliant, second only to the commercial browser Opera in HTML 4.01 and CSS2 compatibility. (Plugins and extensions can give additional Opera-like features too.)
Popup blocking is built-in and on by default, as is a Google search in the toolbar.
It supports server-limited Favicons like Internet Explorer (IE) but also more universal "shortcut icons" that can be different for each page on the same server.
It has advanced tabbed browsing, for which I also recommend the extension Tabbrowser Preferences; opening "new windows" (target=_blank, target=_new, etc., except javascript new windows) and external links (e.g. opening .html files from your OS) in new tabs is on by default. Tabs save taskbar space and allow window switching by Ctrl-PgDn and Ctrl-PgUp (and their non-PC counterparts).
Also, modifier keys do something useful to links: Ctrl-click opens the link in a new tab, Shift-click opens it in a new window, and Alt-click saves the link (target). Also, while your left pinky is on the Ctrl key after opening a tab, you can use Ctrl-W to close it (or a new window). For more shortcuts, check out these links for mouse and keyboard.
Most of the above features are already in the Mozilla suite.
For IE users (Windows and Mac OS), it will import your IE favorites, and there is help "For Internet Explorer Users" in the Help menu.
Read the the official "why".

My recommended extensions:

Tabbrowser Preferences: adds options for tabbed browsing (such as making links that normally open new windows instead open new tabs)
Focus Last Selected Tab: adds ordered-closing tabbed browsing (closing a tab returns you to the last-focused (last viewed) tab)
User Agent Switcher: adds options for alternate-browser-pretention (reports to the server of the browsed site as being a different browser; use only when the default doesn't work)
MakeLink: blogging tool to copy a link/page and various info (link name or page title) to the clipboard (I make a modifcation to the pop-up menu (adding the underlined "L" for us keyboard users), which the author will include in the next release
FlashBlock: lets user conditionally load Flash/Shockwave/Authorware object, replacing the embedded object with a frame of the same size, containing a "play" button for loading the actual object

Important notes:

Be sure to install the latest versions of available extensions that are explicitly compatible with the version you have installed. If you're having trouble installing extensions, make sure you enable "Allow web sites to install software" in the Web Features section of Options/Preferences. (You are always prompted before such an installation occurs anyway, and you also disable the option again after putting in your extensions.)
When upgrading Firefox, remove any older versions first!! Many extension problems and startup issues will be resolved just by doing that. You may want to save your profile first (in %appdata%\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles\????????.default (1.5 and later) in Windows, ~/.mozilla/firefox/????????.default (1.5 and later) in Linux).

Why abandon IE?

Read the above.
Tremendous number of security holes, including many known ones that aren't fixed, most of which is due to IE's connection to the operating system.
The US Government recommends it (also read the US-CERT notes).
Read below.

A little tech-evangelism:

<rant>Unfortunately, many websites are written for browsers (usually IE/FrontPage), not standards (HTML4.01, CSS2, etc). Some go as far as to detect browsers and deny access to those not using IE or Netscape, or even just IE. For those websites where the page would work anyway (i.e. don't use IE-only functions/elements/extensions), there's good news for Mozilla Firefox users: the extension User Agent Switcher, which modifies the text string Firefox sends to identify itself, controlled from the Tools menu. If the page still doesn't display or function properly, you're out of luck, and you've got to use IE. Or, try contacting the webmaster to make the site more accessible.</rant>

So what's with the two Firefox logos?

<rant>The logo to the left is a PNG file, a superior (note the nicer color palette and more smoothness) and non-proprietary alternative to the GIF file like the one above it. IE 5.5 and later versions for Windows do not display transparent PNGs correctly. There are many workarounds, but they generally involve IE-specific functions or Javascript to fix. Why bother? If you're a web author who wants to use transparent PNGs, make Microsoft do the work and sign this petition (you need to supply your email address, but it will be kept private). Or if you're just browsing, save some trouble and use Mozilla or Firefox. Or you can wait for IE 7, which is supposed to fix this (maybe the petition worked).</rant>

Internet Explorer
Well, I don't so much recommend it for your regular browser as for a last resort. Most pages look fine in this browser, including those not-so-HTML-or-CSS-compliant (i.e. badly written) ones (unfortunately for the HTML/CSS code writer), plus some of your bookmarks get the special icon called the Favicon if the site has one (favicon.ico, stored in the root directory of the url). IE now has 128-bit security, but there are always security updates you need to install. Beware of websites asking you to install things except for maybe Macromedia Flash or Shockwave, or Apple Quicktime. I recommend a pop-up blocker like Google toolbar. Users of Windows XP can also upgrade to SP2 to get a built-in popup blocker. (SP2 has its own caveats, but that's another story....)

Search Engines

Use one of the search engines below.
Use quotes for complete phrases.
Try alternate words or synonyms for what you are looking for.
Don't give up! Sometimes it takes a while before someone makes a page about whatever information you're looking for.

	Google To find most things you want on the web, use Google. I use this as my regular search engine. I can find my homepage from here, and most likely you did too.
	HotBot If you can't find it at Google, but you know it has to exist somewhere, try Hotbot. Find almost anything using this search engine. I mean anything. Use at your own risk.
	Yahoo! Recently, Yahoo! developed their own search engine and dropped Google. I can find my homepage from there, too. It's probably about as good as Google.

Databases

If you're looking for certain specific information, it may be best to start in one of the databases below instead of one of the search engines above.

	Internet Movie Database IMDb.com is probably the most comprehensive database for movies, tv shows, and video games (credits). Find actors, directors, writers, composers, voice actors, too. Seaching this regularly can help you appreciate the portfolios of people in the industry, and can probably also help you play the Kevin Bacon game.
	Internet Broadway Database IBDB is the Broadway analog of IMDb. Find actors, directors, writers, composers, etc.
	All Music Guide AMG is the comprehensive database for musical artists and bands. Each artist page contains a short biography and links to related bands, influences, and albums. So far, every artist I've looked for here, I've found.
	The Big Cartoon Database BCDB contains lists of most of the popular cartoons ever shown on TV, including movies based on them. The front page also groups the shows by studio, like Hanna-Barbera, Warner Bros., Fox, Disney, etc.

Reference

	Dictionary.com A service of the company Lexico on the domain reference.com, which includes a thesaurus and an encyclopedia.
	Wikipedia (language select page) (English) Wikipedia is a comprehensive encyclopedia in the Wiki style (a site with articles that anyone can edit). Quality is controlled by the users, so vandalism is curbed within a short period of time. See About for a detailed description of Wikipedia and the pros and cons of this project.

Shopping

These are just some of the places I shop. I'll give you the reasons why. In alphabetical order. Not the reasons, the shops. Followed by a deals site and a charity site.

	Amazon.com Get most of your books, music, videos, and gifts here! No tax to any state except WA and ND (different for Amazon Merchants like Babiesrus.com or marketplace items), and free shipping on qualified items (almost everything) on orders of $25 or more. They also have an online marketplace like eBay but without bidding.
	Barnes&Noble.com Get most of your books, music, videos, and gifts here! No tax to any state except NY, NJ, TN, or NV, and free shipping on orders of 2 or more items. Best for textbooks and some DVDs and CDs. Plus, it has one of the shortest addresses on the web (bn.com)!
	buy.com What Amazon's got and even more. No tax to CT and many other states, but there is in CA. Good place to go for computer and electronic items. Free shipping on most items with no minimum purchase. Very competitive with Amazon.
	Computer Geeks Get some good geeky computer gear here! At good prices too. They get specials every now and then. It's worth subscribing to their mailing list. Their Super Geeky 12-piece computer toolkit is a must-have. Get it discounted when you order anything else. No tax outside of CA.
	eBay Can't find what you want above? Find it here! It's easy and pretty safe. Find new and old, big and small in this online marketplace. Bid on items or "Buy It Now!" if that option is available. Sometimes "Buy It Now" is more than worth it if you watch auctions to their closing; many times the final price exceeds the "Buy It Now" price.
	newegg.com A relatively new computer and consumer electronic hardware and software site. Shipping is generally reasonable, tax to CA, NJ, and TN. I got my new LG DVD writer and my new Athlon 64 CPU and an MSI motherboard for it from here. All excellent devices and prices so far.
	TigerDirect.com A great computer and consumer electronic hardware and software site. Shipping is a little much, but they have some great deals that make it worth it even over some buy.com and Computer Geeks prices. This server actually runs on an SMC router from TigerDirect that was recertified so about half-price, better than retail + rebate (at the time I bought it).
	got \| apex? "Apex" himself is another computer geek, Gabe, former roommate of yet another computer geek I knew in college, Leon. The got \| apex? deals page is one of the best around. He's also got a coupon database for all those online shops you may shop at.
	jetBlue My choice airline for coast-to-coast travel. They're got DirectTV in every seat, with select channels, included in the airfare.
	Southwest Airlines My choice airline for West Coast travel. Sign up for their mailing list and get notified when there's an Internet-only special.
	the hunger site Donate food for free. Every click has the hunger site donate staple food to where it is needed. Also check out its sister sites, like the Breast Cancer Site and the Child Health Site. The shopping is for gifts promoting the site charities, some of which also include a given donation amount to a related site charity.

Authoring

Want to make your home on the web?

Tips

Start by listing what you want on there on paper or in a text editor, and seeing examples of similar sites or just styles you like.
It's okay to rip code off someone as a starting point. It helps you to learn HTML. Just be sure the final product looks nothing like it or give credit to the original author.
If you really don't want to write HTML, go ahead and export it from whatever desktop publishing software you use. Use at your own risk.
For the advanced publisher, I recommend editing HTML, since it gives you more control over what you want, reduces the code size, and it's just marked-up text anyway! Also, you will understand more about how it all works, which is indispensible when browsing.
I used to use frames (that split-window thing) all the time, but now I discourage it except in certain cases. Frames are not very search-engine friendly, and can be annoying for the surfer. If you do use frames (I did for our wedding page, but now it has only tables), it's a good idea to have everything that is accessible from a menubar-type frame also accessible from the main page(s).
Speaking of accessibility, it's also a good idea to provide "alt" text for text-only browsers like Lynx or for people who turn off images in graphical browsers. Set the alt text to an empty string ("") if an image is purely decorative.
Create a website folder and an index.html (or index.htm) file within it on your hard drive and write your code. For links to other pages on your own site, use relative paths (for subdirectories) instead of absolute ones. Absolute paths contain the "http://" at the beginning. Test your page regularly as you add more things (see below).
Test your code locally (from your hard drive) by opening it in your browser. One way to do this (at least in Windows) is to take your .html file are drag it into an open browser window, or simply double-click to open in your default browser. I highly recommend testing with at least Mozilla, Netscape, and IE. (If you have a text browser like Lynx (on most Unix systems), you can test your image "alt" code too.) Doing so will help make sure your code is standards-compliant. To be sure, try the W3C Validator. (See below for what W3C is.) If it passes, you get cool icons like the ones at the bottom of this page. (For DOCTYPE and Character Encoding errors, try using the DOCTYPE and "meta" code in the source for this page.)
Bookmarking works for your local (hard drive) files as well as Internet sites.
When it all works, publish it! Find a server to upload it to and test the online version.

Links

Places to go to write HTML.

	World Wide Web Consortium The place to go for all your HTML needs. Want a tutorial? Go here. How about a good HTML reference? Go here. Also the authority on CSS, Cascading Style Sheets, which streamline a whole site's style in one or several files. Unfortunately, some browsers do not support CSS 2 fully (like IE), or very poorly (like Netscape 4 and below), Of the major browsers, Opera probably does the best job, with Mozilla 1.0/Netscape 6.2 and above next, then IE 6.
	VI-improved You could use Notepad, but why? The Unix text editor vi has been ported to many different operating systems as Vim, or VI-improved. There are graphical versions (gvim, with buttons and menus) and text-only versions (run from the command-line). (I use both.) You need to exercise and learn some commands, but once you get going, you become fast and very efficient in typing and coding. Vim also color-codes your source code to make it more readable for you. gVim goes a step further by showing bold, italic, and underline. Syntax highlighting is all built-in for many different types of code like HTML, C or Perl (you name it, they've probably got it). Bottom line, Vim can do everything Notepad can do and more. Here are my configuration files if you want an example: vimrc.zip (change the prefix "_" to "." in Unix); they go to your home directory in Unix and c:\vim or c:\Program Files\vim (or wherever %vim% points to) in Windows.
	Notepad++ (SF project page) If you like the ease of use of Windows Notepad but like the syntax highlighting of Vim, then probably Notepad++ is for you. Notepad++ exactly gives you Notepad plus a multi-document, tabbed interface, syntax highlighting for selected languages (not as extensive as Vim, however), macros, and more.
	Perl scripting language Perl stands for Practical Extraction and Report Language. It is a scripting language to automate tasks in Unix and other operating systems, but is probably most widely found in use with dynamic web pages. You may have seen a web address (URL) ending in .pl -- this means the page you are looking at is the output of a Perl script and not the .pl file itself. This hides the details of how the resulting page came to be, for security and the benefit of the casual browser who doesn't care about those details anyway. Whether you can use Perl or not depends on where your page is. If you can, go here for a tutorial.
	PHP Hypertext Preprocessor The PHP acronym is recursive; it actually stands for PHP Hypertext Preprocessor. It is exactly how it sounds, a scripting language that is at its simplest HTML, but processes embedded PHP commands in special tags. This site (on the main server and the Lycos FR server) uses PHP. At the very least, it makes site maintenance easier.