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Color Basics
 raphics are composed of many different colors. Some familiarity with color theory and terminology
will help you understand how color is measured and makes it easier to understand how color values are displayed in
Graphics Application, such as Adobe Photoshop.
Properties of Color
Properties of color can be mathematically defined using one of four most common color models. They are:
HSB (Hue, Saturation, and brightness)
- Hue is the wavelength of light reflected from or transmitted through an object.
It is identified by the name of the color such as red, orange, or green.
- Saturation sometimes called chroma, is the purity of the color. Saturation represents the amount of gray in proportion to the
hue and is measured as a % from 0% (gray) to 100%(fully saturated).
- Brightness is the relative lightness or darkness of the color and is usually measured as a % from 0% (black) to 100 % (white).
RGB (Red, Green and Blue) model
- RGB is known as the primary colors. A large percentage of the visible spectrum can be represented by mixing the three colors in various
proportions. The primary colors combine to create white they are also called additive colors. Adding all the colors together creates white-
that is, all the light is reflected back to the eye. RGB is dependent on a light source to create color.
CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black) model
- CMYK is the result of the overlapping of the primary colors. When Cyan, Magenta, and yellow combine together they produce Black. CMYK model
is based on the absorbing quality of ink printed on paper. The model is used in four-color process printing, color is reproduced by combining four inks.
L*A*B Model
- The LAB Model addresses the problem of the variability of color reproduction that results from the use of different monitors or printing devices. Lab color is designed to be device-independent;
that is, it creates consistent color regardless of the specific devices that you use to create or output the image. Lab color consists of a luminance, or lightness component(L), and two chromatic
components: the a component, which ranges from green to red, and the b component, which ranges from blue to yellow.
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Color Basics