Trang
Y2K la� g�?
Cuo�c so�ng ha�ng nga�y
Hoa Ky� co� g� la�
Lua�t Pha�p Hoa Ky�
Linh Tinh
Ta�i lie�u thi nha�p t�ch My�
T�� Vi na�m nay
Ma�nh l��i mua xe h�i
N���c My� tr���c ho�ng su�ng
Cholesterol! Mi la� ai?
Bo�i ba�ng so�
Mua xe m��i! ���ng �e� b� l��a
Thuo�c la� la� gi?
Ung th� la� g�?
Pha�t minh cu�a the� ky� 20
H�nh Lua�t Hoa Ky�
|
Nha�p t�ch My�
�ie�u kie�n xin nha�p t�ch My�?
- �a� la� th���ng tru� nha�n h��p pha�p trong 5 na�m, hoa�c 3 na�m ne�u
la� cho�ng hay v�� cu�a mo�t co�ng da�n My� (�t nha�t la� 3 na�m). ** Co�
quye�n la�m ��n 3 tha�ng tr���c nga�y �a�o ha�n **
- Tuo�i to�i thie�u la� 18.
- C� tru� ta�i Tie�u Bang Colorado �t nha�t la� 3 tha�ng.
- Co� ha�nh kie�m to�t (*)
- Kho�ng ra kho�i nu��c My� qua� 12 tha�ng 1 la�n hoa�c to�ng co�ng le�n
�e�n 30 tha�ng trong vo�ng 5 na�m.
- Bie�t tra� l��i ca�c ca�u ho�i ve� L�ch s�� Hoa Ky�.
- Bie�t no�i, �o�c va� hie�u va� vie�t nh��ng ca�u ��n gia�n ba�ng tie�ng
My�.
- (*) Ha�nh kie�m to�t la� :
- Kho�ng man khai v��i S�� Di Tru� va� Nha�p T�ch khi va�o th���ng tru�
nha�n.
- Co� y� ��nh tr�� tha�nh co�ng da�n to�t.
Kho�ng d�nh va�o tr���ng h��p �a the�.
- Kho�ng can a�n.
- Kho�ng d�nh da�ng �e�n s� ke ma tuy�, buo�n la�u, �� �ie�m hay c��
ba�c gian la�n.
- Kho�ng la� �a�ng vie�n Co�ng sa�n hay ���c Quo�c xa�.
My� Quo�c : Mie�n �a�t T�� Do
- Christopher Columbus kha�m pha� ra lu�c ��a My� va�o na�m 1492. Nhie�u da�n
thuo�c ��a �e�n vu�ng �a�t m��i na�y. Da�n ha�nh h��ng (pilgrims) la�
nho�m da�n t� na�n �a�u tie�n ta�i My�. Da�n thuo�c ��a Hoa� Lan va� Pha�p
�e�n My� �e� mua ba�n. Da�n Pha�p ��nh c� ta�i Canada, da�n Ta�y Ban Nha
��nh c� ta�i Florida, da�n Ho�a Lan �e�n New York (la� thu� �o� �a�u tie�n
cu�a My� quo�c.) Ha�u he�t ca�c da�n thuo�c ��a ho�i �o� la� t�� Anh
Quo�c �e�n. Tr���c khi My� ����c �o�c la�p th� Anh Quo�c la� ma�u quo�c
cu�a da�n thuo�c ��a. Nhie�u da�n thuo�c ��a �e�n My� �e� t�m t�� do
t�n ng���ng. Da�n ha�nh h��ng va� nho�m Puritans (thanh gia�o) �e�n c� ngu�
ta�i Massachusetts, nho�m Quakers �e�n vu�ng Pennsylvania va� ng���i Co�ng
Gia�o ��nh c� ta�i Maryland.
- Gi��a na�m 1850 va� na�m 1980 �a� co� ga�n 30 trie�u ng���i di da�n t��
ca�c n�i tre�n the� gi��i nh�: A�i Nh� lan, Anh Quo�c, To� Ca�ch Lan, ���c
Quo�c, Nga So�, Y� �a�i L��i, Canada, �an Ma�ch, Na Uy, Thu�y �ie�n va�
nha�t la� Vie�t, Mie�n La�o t� na�n �e�n t�� �o�ng D��ng t�� 1975 tr��
ve� sau.
- Na�m 1803 My� mua vu�ng Louisiana cu�a Pha�p v��i gia� $15 trie�u My� Kim,
- Na�m 1819 Ta�y Ban Nha ba�n vu�ng Florida cho My�, Na�m 1945 vu�ng Texas
����c sa�t nha�p,
- Na�m 1946 vu�ng Oregon, Washington State, Idaho, Wyoming ����c sa�t nha�p.
- Na�m 1948 vu�ng California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona ����c Mexico nh���ng cho
My�,
- Na�m 1867 My� mua Alaska cu�a Nga v��i gia� $7 trie�u My� Kim,
- Na�m 1898 qua�n �a�o Ha� Uy Di ����c sa�t nha�p va� na�m 1959 m��i tr��
tha�nh Tie�u Bang Hawaii nh� nga�y nay.
Ngoa�i ra My� co�n co� nh��ng thuo�c ��a nh� : Puerto Rico, Guam, Wake,
Samoa, Midway, Aleutia va� qua�n �a�o Virgins.La� c�� My� co� 3 ma�u: �o�,
tra�ng, xanh. Ma�u �o� t���ng tr�ng cho lo�ng can �a�m, ma�u tra�ng s��
tha�t va� ma�u xanh bie�u hie�u cho co�ng ly�. La� c�� My� co� 13 so�c, 7
�o� va� 6 tra�ng t���ng tr�ng cho 13 tie�u bang �a�u tie�n cu�a Hoa Ky�.
La� c�� My� co� 50 ngo�i sao ma�u tra�ng t���ng tr�ng cho 50 tie�u bang cu�a
Hoa Ky�.
13 Tie�u Bang �a�u tie�n va� Nga�y Le� �o�c
La�p.
Tr���c na�m 1776, ta�i My� co� 13 thuo�c ��a cu�a Anh. Ca�c thuo�c ��a
na�y sau na�y tr�� tha�nh 13 Tie�u bang �a�u tie�n cu�a My� khi My� Quo�c
tr�� tha�nh �o�c la�p v��i Anh Quo�c. Lu�c a�y ca�c thuo�c ��a Anh ��
My� pha�i tra� thue� cho ma�u quo�c qua� cao nh�ng la�i kho�ng co� �a�i
bie�u trong Quo�c Ho�i Anh, ne�n no�i da�y �o�i quye�n t�� do va� �o�c
la�p.
Na�m 1763 Anh Quo�c tha�ng qua�n Pha�p va� chie�m Canada.
Na�m 1774 �a�i bie�u cu�a 13 thuo�c ��a ho�p la�n �a�u tie�n ta�i
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Cuo�c ho�p na�y go�i la� Quo�c Ho�i Lu�c ��a va� do
T���ng George Washington tho�ng la�nh qua�n �o�i cho�ng la�i Anh Quo�c.
Nga�y 4-7-1776, Tuye�n Ngo�n �o�c La�p ����c 56 ho�i vie�n ky� te�n va�
xa�c nha�n kho�ng co�n la� thuo�c ��a cu�a Anh Quo�c n��a. Cha �e� cu�a
Tuye�n Ngo�n �o�c La�p la� O�ng Thomas Jefferson sau nga�y ����c ba�u la�
To�ng Tho�ng th�� 3 cu�a Hoa Ky�.
Vua Anh Quo�c tuye�n chie�n v��i 13 thuo�c ��a, nh�ng qua�n Anh b� thua
tra�n �a�u ha�ng ta�i Yorktown, Virginia va� na�m 1783 pha�i ky� hoa� ���c
v��i da�n thuo�c ��a.
Hie�n Pha�p Hoa Ky� va� He� Tho�ng Ch�nh
Quye�n
Khi 13 thuo�c ��a tr�� tha�nh �o�c la�p, Quo�c Ho�i Lu�c ��a �e� tr�nh
mo�t ke� hoa�ch go�i la� Ca�c �ie�u khoa�n lie�n hie�p. Ca�c
tie�u bang g��i 55 v� �a�i die�n �e�n Philadelphia �e� ba�n ca�i s��a
�o�i ca�c �ie�u khoa�n lie�n hie�p tre�n.
Co� 39 v� �a� ky� te�n la�m ra Hie�n Pha�p �a�u tie�n cu�a nu��c My�
nga�y 17-9-1787. Cha �e� cu�a Hie�n Pha�p Hoa Ky� la� ca�c o�ng Alexander
Hamilton, James Madison, Benjamin Franklin va� George Washington.
L��i no�i �a�u cu�a Hie�n Pha�p a�n ��nh 6 mu�c tie�u ro� re�t:
- Tha�nh la�p mo�t Lie�n Bang toa�n ha�o h�n.
- Thie�t la�p co�ng ly�.
- Ba�o �a�m s�� an b�nh trong x��.
- Cung ��ng cho s�� pho�ng ve� chung.
- Pha�t trie�n s�� an sinh cu�a toa�n da�n.
- Ba�o toa�n s�� t�� do cho ch�nh m�nh va� the� he� con cha�u mai sau.
T���ng George Washington ����c ba�u la� To�ng Tho�ng �a�u tie�n cu�a
My� Quo�c va�o na�m 1789. Hie�n Pha�p quy ��nh ra�ng ng���i da�n My� co�
quye�n to�i ha�u va� quye�n na�y ����c uy� tha�c cho Ch�nh Phu� Lie�n Bang
go�m co� 3 nga�nh La�p Pha�p, Ha�nh Pha�p va� T� Pha�p.
Nga�nh La�p Pha�p go�m co� 100 Th���ng Ngh� S� va� 435 Da�n Bie�u (c��
460,000 da�n th� mo�t da�n bie�u nh�ng mo�t TB �t nha�t pha�i co� mo�t Da�n
Bie�u ma�c du� da�n so� d���i 460 nga�n).
Nga�nh Ha�nh Pha�p go�m co� To�ng Tho�ng, Pho� To�ng Tho�ng va� No�i Ca�c
�e� giu�p ��� O�ng.
Nga�nh T� Pha�p go�m co� 1 To�i cao Pha�p Vie�n (1 Cha�nh A�n va� 8 Phu�
Tha�m do TT ch� ��nh v��i s�� cha�p thua�n cu�a Th���ng Ngh� Vie�n).
Ngoa�i ra co�n co�
11 To�a Pha� A�n,
11 Toa� T�nh (circuits),
94 To�a Qua�n va� 4 Toa� A�n �a�c bie�t.
Ca�c v� quan toa� va� cha�nh a�n na�y la�m v�e�c suo�t ���i ne�u kho�ng
b� pha�m lo�i. Ca�c Tu Ch�nh A�n Muo�n thay �o�i Hie�n Pha�p th� 2/3 Quo�c
Ho�i (Th���ng Vie�n va� Ha� Vie�n) cha�p thua�n va� ����c Quo�c Ho�i
cu�a 3 / 4 to�ng so� ca�c Tie�u Bang chua�n y.
Va�n kie�n s��a �o�i go�i la� Tu ch�nh A�n.
Cho �e�n nay �a� co� 26 Tu Ch�nh A�n va� Tu ch�nh A�n so� 26 ban ha�nh
na�m 1971 cho phe�p co�ng da�n My� �u� 18 tuo�i ����c ba�u phie�u.
To�ng Tho�ng kho�ng ����c quye�n phe� chua�n cu�ng nh� phu� quye�t ca�c
Tu ch�nh a�n. Hie�n Pha�p Hoa Ky� ����c s��a �o�i 26 la�n.
10 Tu Ch�nh a�n �a�u tie�n go�i la� D�� Lua�t da�n quye�n. Soa�n tha�o
va� cha�p nha�n na�m 1791 Ng���i da�n ����c t�� do to�n gia�o, ho�i ho�p
o�n ho�a, no�i vie�t va� pha�t bie�u ca�m t���ng mie�n sao kho�ng la�m ha�i
ng���i kha�c.
Da�n co� quye�n mang vu� kh� va� ca�n co� ve� binh �e� duy tr� an ninh cho
Tie�u bang. Qua�n �o�i hay binh l�nh kho�ng ����c chie�m gi�� nha� cu�a
da�n chu�ng ne�u kho�ng co� s�� cha�p thua�n cu�a chu� nha�. Kho�ng ����c
kha�m xe�t hay ba�t b�� ai ma� kho�ng co� tra�t �o�i. Kho�ng ba�t gi��
da�n ne�u kho�ng co� s�� hie�n die�n cu�a Pha�p Lua�t. To�i nha�n co�
quye�n �o�i cho�ng ����c xe�t x��. Quye�n ����c xe�t x�� b��i mo�t
Bo�i tha�m �oa�n. Tie�n ta�i ngoa�i ha�u tra hay tie�n pha�t kho�ng ����c
qua� cao hoa�c ca�c h�nh pha�t kho�ng ����c �o�c a�c ba�t th���ng.
Quye�n cu�a da�n kho�ng ����c cho�i bo� hoa�c b� gia�m v� ca�c quye�n
kha�c. Quye�n ha�nh ma� Hie�n Pha�p kho�ng �e� ra �e�u thuo�c ve� Tie�u Bang
va� Da�n Chu�ng
Ca�c Tu Ch�nh A�n trong Hie�n Pha�p Hoa Ky�
16 Tu Ch�nh A�n kha�c t�� 1798 �e�n 1971 Co�ng da�n mo�t Tie�u Bang hay
ng���i ngoa�i quo�c kho�ng the� kie�n Mo�t Tie�u Bang kha�c ta�i Toa� A�n
Lie�n Bang.
- (1798) Thay �o�i ca�ch ba�u To�ng Tho�ng va� Pho� To�ng Tho�ng.
- (1804) Gia�i Pho�ng no� le�.
- (1865) Ng���i no� le� tr�� tha�nh co�ng da�n My�.
- (1868) Cho no� le� quye�n �i ba�u.
- (1870) Cho Quo�c Ho�i quye�n �a�nh thue� l��i t��c.
- (1913) Thay �o�i ca�ch ba�u Th���ng Ngh� S� ta�i ca�c Tie�u Bang.
- (1913) Ca�m sa�n xua�t va� xua�t ca�ng r���u (sau na�y b� huy� bo�)
- (1920) Co�ng da�n My� ai cu�ng co� quye�n �i ba�u.
- (1920) To�ng Tho�ng va� Pho� To�ng Tho�ng he�t nhie�m ky� va�o 12 gi�� tr�a
nga�y 20-1, Da�n Bie�u va� Th���ng Ngh� S� he�t nhie�m ky� va�o 12 gi��
tr�a nga�y 3-1.
- (1933) Hu�y bo� Tu Ch�nh A�n so� 18.
- (1933) Gi��i ha�n nhie�m ky� cu�a To�ng Tho�ng la� 2.
- (1951) So� c�� tri �oa�n (3) cu�a Washington D. C. ba�ng so� Da�n Bie�u va�
Th���ng Ngh� S� cu�a ho�.
- (1961) Co�ng da�n co� quye�n �i ba�u ma�c da�u ch�a �o�ng thue�. (1964) Khi
To�ng Tho�ng qua ���i hay t�� ch��c th� Pho� To�ng Tho�ng le�n thay the�.
- (1967) Ta�t ca� co�ng da�n t�� 18 tuo�i tr�� le�n ����c quye�n �i ba�u.
- (1971) Quo�c Ho�i Hoa Ky� Theo �ie�u 1 cu�a Hie�n Pha�p Hoa Ky� th� Quo�c
Ho�i co� nhie�m vu� :
La�m lua�t �a�nh thue� �e� la�y tie�n chi tie�u cho ch�nh phu�.
- In tie�n gia�y va� �u�c ra tie�n ca�c.
- Tuye�n chie�n.
- Quo�c Ho�i co� hai vie�n : Th���ng Ngh� Vie�n va� Ha� Ngh� Vie�n.
Ng���i cu�a Th���ng Vie�n go�i la� Th���ng Ngh� S� va� ng���i cu�a
Ha� Vie�n go�i la� Da�n Bie�u. Hai vie�n la�m vie�c �e� kie�m soa�t co�ng
vie�c cu�a nhau, v� va�y ma� ����c go�i la� he� tho�ng qua�n b�nh va�
kie�m soa�t. Tr���c khi mo�t d�� lua�t tr�� tha�nh Lua�t th� d�� lua�t
�o� pha�i ����c s�� cha�p thua�n cu�a l���ng vie�n. Th���ng Vie�n
co�n co� quye�n Phe� bo� To�ng Tho�ng, ca�c Tha�m Pha�n hoa�c ca�c gi��i
ch��c co�ng quye�n ne�u ho� la�m lo�i. Trong khi �o� th� To�ng Tho�ng co�
quye�n phu� quye�t ca�c d�� lua�t cu�a Quo�c Ho�i �e� tr�nh. Mo�i Tie�u
Bang ba�u 2 v� Th���ng Ngh� S�.
To�ng so� da�n bie�u toa�n quo�c la� 435 v�, c�� mo�i 460,000 da�n th�
co� ba�u ����c 1 da�n bie�u. Tuy nhie�n Hie�n Pha�p a�n ��nh ra�ng mo�i
Tie�u Bang pha�i co� �t nha�t mo�t da�n bie�u du� Tie�u Bang �o� kho�ng co�
so� da�n 460 nga�n. Ca�c d�� lua�t co� the� ba�t nguo�n t�� ba�t c��
vie�n na�o, nh�ng d�� lua�t ve� thue� ma� pha�i ba�t nguo�n t�� Ha� Vie�n.
V� Pho� To�ng Tho�ng la� Chu� T�ch cu�a Th���ng Vie�n va� Ha� Vie�n th�
th���ng ba�u ng���i cu�a kho�i �a so� la�m Chu� T�ch Ha� Vie�n (Speaker of
the House), v� na�y se� le�n la�m To�ng Tho�ng ne�u ca� To�ng Tho�ng va� Pho�
To�ng Tho�ng b� t�� tra�n cu�ng mo�t lu�c. Da�n Bie�u ����c ba�u mo�i hai
na�m mo�t la�n trong khi nhie�m ky� cu�a Th���ng Ngh� S� la� 6 na�m. C�� 2
na�m th� ba�u 1/3 Th���ng Vie�n.
�ie�u kie�n �e� ����c ba�u la�m Th���ng Ngh� S�:
- 1. �t nha�t la� 30 tuo�i;
- 2.- co� quo�c t�ch Hoa Ky� �t nha�t la� 9 na�m.
- 3. Pha�i sinh so�ng ta�i Tie�u bang ����c ba�u.
�ie�u kie�n �e� ����c ba�u la�m Da�n Bie�u:
- 1. �t nha�t la� 25 tuo�i;
- 2.- co� quo�c t�ch Hoa Ky� �t nha�t la� 7 na�m.
- 3. Pha�i sinh so�ng ta�i Tie�u bang ����c ba�u.
Ca�c To�ng Tho�ng Hoa Ky�
- Nhie�m vu� cu�a To�ng Tho�ng la� :
- ���ng �a�u quo�c gia,
- To�ng T� Le�nh cu�a Qua�n �o�i,
- Thi ha�nh lua�t pha�p,
- Co� quye�n a�n xa� cho to�i nha�n,
- Ky� ban ha�nh hay phu� quye�t ca�c d�� lua�t,
- Ky� ca�c hie�p ���c nh�ng kho�ng co� quye�n tuye�n chie�n, v� quye�n na�y
da�nh cho Quo�c Ho�i.
�ie�u kie�n �e� ����c ba�u la�m To�ng Tho�ng My� la� :
1. pha�i �t nha�t la� 35 tuo�i,
2. sinh tr���ng ta�i Hoa Ky� va� so�ng ta�i Hoa Ky� 14 na�m.
To�ng Tho�ng do �a�i bie�u da�n c�� (c� tri �oa�n) ba�u le�n. So� c��
tri �oa�n la� 435 DB+100 TNS+ 3 �a�i bie�u cu�a Washington DC= 538 ng���i. V�
va�y ca�c Tie�u bang �o�ng da�n c� th� co� nhie�u �a�i bie�u (CA, NY, TX,
FL). Colorado ch� co� 7 �a�i bie�u tho�i. V� va�y ��ng c�� vie�n TT na�o
����c 270 c�� tri �oa�n ngh�a la� qua� ba�n ke� nh� tha�ng c��. Nga�y
ba�u c�� To�ng Tho�ng ����c a�n ��nh la� Nga�y th�� ba sau nga�y th��
hai trong tha�ng 11 cu�a ca�c na�m nhua�n la� nga�y ba�u c�� To�ng Tho�ng.
V� To�ng Tho�ng �a�u tie�n cu�a nu��c My� la� o�ng George Washington.
To�ng Tho�ng Abraham Lincoln la� To�ng Tho�ng th�� 16 cu�a Hoa Ky� trong th��i
no�i chie�n, o�ng co� co�ng trong vie�c gia�i the� che� �o� No� Le� ta�i Hoa
Ky�.
To�ng tho�ng th�� 42 cu�a My� la� ���ng kim To�ng Tho�ng Bill Clinton, v�
phu� ta� la� O�ng Al Gore.
To�ng Tho�ng My� do C�� Tri �oa�n ba�u le�n. Ne�u v� To�ng Tho�ng b�
che�t, hay b� ng�ng ch��c hoa�c t�� ch��c th� v� Pho� To�ng Tho�ng se�
le�n thay. Mo�i nhie�m ky� cu�a To�ng Tho�ng la� 4 na�m nh� �a� a�n ��nh
trong Hie�n Pha�p. To�ng Tho�ng co�n co� quye�n phu� quye�t ca�c d�� lua�t do
Quo�c Ho�i �e� tr�nh. Ne�u muo�n d�� lua�t tr�� tha�nh lua�t th� l���ng
vie�n pha�i ba�u phie�u cha�p thua�n d�� lua�t v��i so� phie�u 2/3 ta�i ca�
Th���ng Vie�n va� Ha� Vie�n.
Danh Sa�ch ca�c To�ng Tho�ng Hoa Ky� ke� t�� nga�y la�p quo�c.
- George Washington 1789-1797
- John Adams 1797-1801
- Thomas Jefferson 1801-1809
- James Madison 1809-1817
- James Monroe 1817-1805
- John Quincy Adams 1825-1929
- Andrew Jackson 1829-1837
- Martin Van Buren 1837-1841
- William Henry Harrison 1841-1841 (che�t lu�c ta�i ch��c)
- John Tyler 1841-1845
- James K. Polk 1845-1849
- Zachary Taylor 1849-1850 (che�t lu�c ta�i ch��c)
- Willard Fillmore 1850-1853
- Franklin Pierce 1853-1857
- James Buchanan 1857-1861
- Abraham Lincoln 1861-1865 (b� a�m sa�t)
- Andrew Johnson 1865-1869
- Ulysses Grant 1869-1877
- Rutherford Hayes 1877-1881
- James A. Garfield 1881-1881 (b� a�m sa�t)
- Chester A. Arthur 1881-1885
- Grover Cleveland 1885-1889
- Benjamin Harrison 1889-1893
- Grover Cleveland 1893-1897
- William McKinley 1897-1901 (b� a�m sa�t)
- Theodore Rosevelt 1901-1909
- William Taft 1909-1913
- Woodrow Wilson 1913-1921
- Warren G. Harding 1921-1923 (che�t lu�c ta�i ch��c)
- Calvin Coolidge 1923-1929
- Herbert Hoover 1929-1933
- Franklin D. Rosevelt 1933-1945 (che�t lu�c ta�i ch��c)
- Harry S. Truman 1945-1953
- Dwight Eisenhower 1953-1961
- John F. Kennedy 1961-1963 (b� a�m sa�t)
- Lyndon B. Johnson 1963-1969
- Richard Nixon 1969-1974 (t�� ch��c)
- Gerald Ford 1974-1976
- Jimmy E. Carter 1976-1980
- Ronald Reagan 1980-1988
- George Bush 1988-1992
- Bill Clinton 1992-Now
No�i Ca�c Ch�nh Quye�n Lie�n Bang
- Bo� Ngoa�i Giao (Department of State)
- Bo� Ta�i Cha�nh (Department of Treasury)
- Bo� Quo�c Pho�ng (Department of Defense)
- Bo� T� Pha�p (Department of Justice)
- Bo� No�i Vu� (Department of Interior)
- Bo� Canh No�ng (Department of Agriculture)
- Bo� Th��ng Ma�i (Department of Commerce)
- Bo� Lao �o�ng (Department of labor)
- Bo� Y te� va� Nha�n s�� vu� (Department of Health and Human Relations)
- Bo� Gia�o Du�c (Department of Education)
- Bo� Gia C� va� Pha�t trie�n �o� Th� (Department of Housing and Urban
Development)
- Bo� Giao Tho�ng (Department of Transportation)
- Bo� Na�ng L���ng (Department of Energy)
Ch�nh quye�n Tie�u Bang
Ch�nh quye�n ��a Ph��ng Ch�nh quye�n Tie�u Bang cu�ng t��ng t�� nh�
Ch�nh Quye�n Lie�n Bang. Ta�t ca� 49 Tie�u Bang (tr�� Nebaska) �e�u co� Quo�c
Ho�i go�m co� Th���ng Vie�n va� Ha� Vie�n. He� tho�ng T� Pha�p cu�a Tie�u
bang pha�i lo xe�t x�� hai loa�i a�n: A�n lie�n quan ve� H�nh to�i va� ca�c
vu� kie�n ve� Ho�. Vu� a�n H�nh to�i lie�n quan �e�n vie�c vi pha�m lua�t
pha�p. Vu� a�n Ho� lie�n quan �e�n vie�c kie�n tu�ng gi��a 2 ca� nha�n.
Mo�t Tie�u Bang do Tho�ng �o�c ca�m quye�n.
Tho�ng �o�c cu�a Tie�u bang Colorado la� O�ng BILL OWENS.
Tie�u Bang Colorado co� 2 v� Th���ng Ngh� S� la� Ben Campbell va� Wayne
Allard.
Da�n bie�u cu�a Tha�nh Pho� Colorado Springs la� O�ng Joel Hefley.
Tha�nh pho� Colorado Springs co� he� tho�ng ch�nh phu� Ho�i �o�ng Tha�nh
Pho� do mo�t v� Th� tr���ng va� 8 ngh� vie�n. Ho� la� nh��ng ng���i la�m
ra lua�t a�p du�ng cho tha�nh pho�.
Ho�i �o�ng tha�nh pho� ch� ��nh mo�t v� Qua�n Ly� Tha�nh Pho� (City
Manager) �e� �ie�u ha�nh mo�i co�ng vie�c cu�a tha�nh pho�. V� Qua�n Ly�
na�y ch� huy va� �ie�u khie�n ca�c c� s�� cu�a tha�nh pho�.
Ba�i ho�c 1.
- Ke� ca�c ma�u cu�a la� c�� My�. (Xanh, tra�ng, �o�/Can �a�m, S�� Tha�t,
Co�ng ly�)
- Co� ma�y ngo�i sao tre�n la� c��. (50)
- Ca�c ngo�i sao ma�u g�? (Tra�ng)
- Ca�c ngo�i sao bie�u t���ng s�� g�? (50 Tie�u Bang )
- Co� ma�y la�n so�c tre�n la� c��? (13)
- Ca�c la�n so�c �o� ma�u g�? (�o�, tra�ng)
- Ca�c la�n so�c �o� t���ng tr�ng cho ca�i g�? (13 Tie�u Bang �a�u tie�n)
- Nu��c My� co� bao nhie�u tie�u bang? (50)
- Nga�y 4 tha�ng 7 la� nga�y g�? (�o�c La�p)
- Nga�y �o�c la�p cu�a Hoa Ky� la� nga�y na�o? (Nga�y 4 tha�ng 7)
- Hoa Ky� gia�nh la�i �o�c la�p t�� n���c na�o? (Anh Quo�c)
- Trong cuo�c chie�n Ca�ch ma�ng Hoa Ky� �a�nh nhau v��i n���c na�o? (Anh
Quo�c)
- Ai la� To�ng Tho�ng �a�u tie�n cu�a Hoa Ky�? (George Washington)
- Ai la� To�ng Tho�ng hie�n ta�i cu�a Hoa Ky�? (Bill Clinton)
- Ai la� Pho� To�ng Tho�ng? (Al Gore)
- Ai ba�u To�ng Tho�ng Hoa Ky�? (C�� Tri �oa�n hay �a�i bie�u Da�n C��)
- Ai �a�m nhie�m ch��c vu� To�ng Tho�ng ne�u v� To�ng Tho�ng ���ng nhie�m
che�t �i? (Pho� To�ng Tho�ng)
- Nhie�m ky� cu�a To�ng Tho�ng la� bao nhie�u? (4 na�m)
- Hie�n Pha�p la� g�? (Lua�t To�i Cao cu�a Hoa Ky�)
- Hie�n Pha�p co� the� thay �o�i ����c kho�ng? (Co�)
Ba�i ho�c 2.
- Va�n kie�n thay �o�i Hie�n Pha�p go�i la� g�? (Tu Ch�nh A�n)
- Co� bao nhie�u va�n kie�n thay �o�i Hie�n Pha�p ta�t ca�? (26)
- Co� ma�y nga�nh trong Ch�nh Phu� Hoa Ky�? (3)
- Ha�y ke� nh��ng nga�nh trong Ch�nh Phu� Hoa Ky�? (La�p Pha�p, Ha�nh Pha�p
va� T� Pha�p)
- Nga�nh La�p Pha�p go�i la� g�? (Quo�c Ho�i)
- Ai la�m ra lua�t le� Hoa Ky�? (Quo�c Ho�i)
- Quo�c Ho�i la� g�? (Th���ng Vie�n va� Ha� Vie�n)
- Nhie�m Vu� cu�a Quo�c Ho�i la� g�? (La�m lua�t)
- Ai ba�u le�n Quo�c Ho�i? (Ng���i da�n)
- Co� ma�y Th���ng Ngh� S� trong Quo�c Ho�i Hoa Ky�? (100)
- Ha�y ke� te�n 2 Th���ng Ngh� S� ta�i Tie�u Bang Colorado. (Wayne Allard va�
Ben Campbell)
- Nhie�m ky� cu�a ca�c Th���ng Ngh� S� la� bao la�u? (6 na�m)
- Co� bao nhie�u da�n bie�u trong Quo�c Ho�i? (435)
- Nhie�m ky� cu�a ca�c Da�n Bie�u la� bao la�u? (2 na�m)
- Nga�nh La�p Pha�p go�m co� nh��ng ai? (To�ng Tho�ng, No�i ca�c va� ca�c
Bo�)
- Nga�nh T� Pha�p go�m co� nh��ng ai? (To�i Cao Pha�p Vie�n)
- Nhie�m vu� cu�a To�i Cao Pha�p Vie�n la� g�? (Gia�i th�ch lua�t)
- Lua�t To�i Th���ng cu�a Hoa Ky� la� g�? (Hie�n Pha�p)
- �a�o lua�t Da�n Quye�n la� g�? (10 Tu Ch�nh A�n �a�u tie�n)
- Thu� �o� cu�a Tie�u Bang Colorado la� g�? (Denver)
Ba�i ho�c 3.
- Ai la� Tho�ng �o�c Tie�u Bang Colorado? (Bill Owens)
- Ne�u Pho� To�ng Tho�ng �e�u che�t th� ai se� thay the�? (Chu� T�ch Ha�
Vie�n)
- Ai ���ng �a�u To�i Cao Pha�p Vie�n Hoa Ky�? (William Rehquist)
- Ha�y ke� te�n 13 Tie�u Bang �a�u tie�n cu�a Hoa Ky�? (Connecticut, New
Hampshire, New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Delaware , Virginia, North
Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Rhode Island, Maryland)
- Ai no�i ca�u: Cho to�i t�� do hay cho to�i s�� che�t ? (Patrick Henry)
- Ha�y ke� ca�c quo�c gia �o�i ��ch v��i Hoa Ky� trong the� chie�n th�� 2?
(���c, Nha�t, Y�)
- Te�n cu�a 2 Tie�u Bang sau cu�ng cu�a Hoa Ky�? (Hawaii, Alaska)
- Mo�t To�ng Tho�ng co� the� co� bao nhie�u nhie�m ky�? (2)
- Ai la� Martin Luther King? (Mo�t nha� la�nh �a�o da�n quye�n)
- Ai ���ng �a�u tha�nh pho� Colorado Springs? ( )
- �ie�u kie�n �e� co� the� ����c ba�u la�m To�ng Tho�ng Hoa Ky�? (35
tuo�i, sinh ta�i My�, 14 na�m sinh so�ng tre�n n���c My�)
- Ta�i sao la�i co� 100 Th���ng Ngh� S�? (50 Tie�u Bang/2 Th���ng Ngh� S�
cho mo�i Tie�u Bang )
- Ai tuye�n cho�n Ca�c tha�m pha�n To�i Cao Pha�p Vie�n? (To�ng Tho�ng)
- Co� bao nhie�u tha�m pha�n To�i Cao Pha�p Vie�n? (9)
- Ta�i sao la�i co� ng���i di c� sang Hoa Ky�? (T�m t�� do t�n ng���ng)
- Ai ���ng �a�u mo�t Tie�u Bang? (Tho�ng �o�c)
- Ai ���ng �a�u mo�t Tha�nh Pho�? (Th� Tr���ng)
- Ke� te�n nga�y le� do ca�c thuo�c ��a Hoa Ky� m��ng la�n �a�u tie�n?
(Thanksgiving-Le� Ta� �n)
- Ai vie�t ra ba�n tuye�n ngo�n �o�c la�p cu�a Hoa Ky�? (Thomas Jefferson)
- Ba�n TUYE�N NGO�N �O�C LA�P ban ha�nh nga�y na�o? (4-7-1776)
Ba�i ho�c 4.
- �ie�u ca�n ba�n cu�a Ba�n Tuye�n Ngo�n �o�c La�p la� g�? (Mo�i ng���i
�e�u b�nh �a�ng)
- Te�n ba�i quo�c ca cu�a Hoa Ky�? (The Star Spangled Banner)
- Ai vie�t ra ba�n quo�c ca na�y? (Francis Scott Key)
- Quye�n t�� do ngo�n lua�n t�� �a�u ma� ra? (Tu Ch�nh A�n so� 1/Tuye�n
Ngo�n Da�n Quye�n)
- Tuo�i ����c �i ba�u la� bao nhie�u? (18)
- Ai co� quye�n duye�t ky� ca�c d�� lua�t? (To�ng Tho�ng)
- To�a a�n l��n nha�t Hoa Ky� la� g�? (To�i Cao Pha�p Vie�n)
- Ai la� To�ng Tho�ng Hoa Ky� trong cuo�c no�i chie�n? (Abraham Lincoln)
- To�ng Tho�ng th�� 16 cu�a n���c My� no�i danh v� vie�c g�? (Gia�i thoa�t
no� le�)
- Ban co� va�n cu�a To�ng Tho�ng Hoa Ky� la� g�? (No�i Ca�c)
- To�ng Tho�ng na�o mang danh la� Ng���i cha cu�a To� quo�c Hoa
Ky�? (G. Washington)
- Muo�n nha�p t�ch Hoa Ky� pha�i du�ng ma�u ��n na�o? (N-400)
- Ai giu�p ��� nh��ng ng���i di c� �a�u tie�n ta�i Hoa Ky�? (My� da �o�)
- Te�n chie�c ta�u ch�� ng���i t� na�n �a�u tie�n? (MayFlower)
- 13 Tie�u Bang �a�u tie�n go�i la� g�? (Thuo�c ��a)
- Ke� 3 quye�n ha�n va� t�� do trong ba�n tuye�n ngo�n da�n quye�n? (T�n
ng���ng, ba�o ch�, ho�i ho�p)
- Ai co� quye�n tuye�n chie�n? (Quo�c Ho�i)
- Ch�nh the� cu�a Ch�nh Phu� Hoa Ky� la� g�? (Co�ng Ho�a)
- To�ng Tho�ng na�o tra� t�� do cho ng���i no� le�? (Abraham Lincoln)
- Hie�n Pha�p Hoa Ky� vie�t va�o na�m na�o? (1787)
Ba�i ho�c 5.
- 10 Tu ch�nh a�n �a�u tie�n go�i la� g�? (D�� Lua�t Da�n Quye�n)
- Mu�c ��ch cu�a Lie�n Hie�p Quo�c la� g�? (Gia�i quye�t tranh cha�p, Pha�t
trie�n kinh te�)
- Quo�c Ho�i Hoa Ky� ho�p �� �a�u? (To�a nha� Quo�c Ho�i)
- Ba�n Tuye�n Ngo�n Da�n Quye�n a�p du�ng cho nh��ng ai? (Co�ng Da�n My� va�
mo�i ng���i so�ng trong n���c My�)
- Mu�c gi��i thie�u cu�a Hie�n Pha�p go�i la� g�? (L��i no�i �a�u -
Preamble)
- Ha�y ke� mo�t trong nh��ng l��i �ch khi la� co�ng da�n My�? (La�m vie�c
cho Ch�nh Phu�, �oa�n tu� gia ��nh)
- Quye�n l��i quan tro�ng cu�a co�ng da�n Hoa Ky� la� g�? (Ba�u phie�u)
- To�a nha� CAPITOL la� g�? (To�a nha� Quo�c Ho�i ho�p)
- To�a Nha� Tra�ng go�i la� g�? (Nha� To�ng Tho�ng ��)
- To�a Nha� Tra�ng �� �a�u? (Washington DC, 1600 Pennsylvania Ave)
- N�i c� tru� cu�a To�ng Tho�ng Hoa Ky� la� g�? (To�a Nha� Tra�ng)
- Ke� 1 quye�n t�� do trong Tu Ch�nh A�n so� 1. (T�n ng���ng)
- Ai la� To�ng T� Le�nh cu�a Qua�n �o�i Hoa Ky�? (To�ng Tho�ng)
- Ai la� v� To�ng T� Le�nh �a�u tie�n cu�a Q� Hoa Ky� ? (George Washington)
- Ba�u c�� To�ng Tho�ng Hoa Ky� va�o tha�ng na�o? (11)
- To�ng Tho�ng Hoa Ky� nha�m ch��c va�o tha�ng na�o? (Tha�ng gie�ng d��ng
l�ch)
- Th���ng Ngh� S� co� ma�y nhie�m ky�? (Vo� ha�n ��nh)
- Da�n Bie�u co� ma�y nhie�m ky�? (Vo� ha�n ��nh)
- Ke� 2 �a�ng ch�nh cu�a Hoa Ky� hie�n nay. (Co�ng Ho�a va� Da�n Chu�)
- N���c My� co� ma�y Tie�u Bang ? (50)
Ca�u ho�i da�nh rie�ng cho ca�c cu� tre�n 65 tuo�i:
- Hai bie�n l��n ph�a �o�ng va� Ta�y cu�a Hoa Ky� la� (�a�i Ta�y D�ong va�
Tha�i B�nh D��ng)
- V� �a�u co� cuo�c no�i chie�n ta�i Hoa Ky�? (Gia�i quye�t va�n �e� no�
le� va� quye�n l��i cu�a ca�c Tie�u Bang)
- Do�ng so�ng l��n cu�a My� cha�y t�� Ba�c xuo�ng Nam la� (Mississippi)
- To�ng Tho�ng du�ng quye�n g� �e� ba�i bo� d�� lua�t (Phu� Quye�t)
- Thu� �o� cu�a n���c My� la� tha�nh pho� na�o? (Washington D.C.)
- Thu� �o� cu�a Colorado tha�nh pho� na�o? (Denver)
- Ng���i My� no�i tie�ng che� ta�o ra bo�ng �ie�n la� ai? (O�ng Edison)
- Quo�c gia �a�u tie�n le�n ma�t tra�ng? (Hoa Ky�)
Literacy Test
(Kha�o Sa�t Ly� L�ch va� Ho� T�ch)
- Did you go to a Citizenship Class? (Ba�n (O�ng hay Ba)� co� tham d�� l��p ho�c
Nha�p t�ch na�o kho�ng?)
- Have you read the Citizenship text book? (Ba�n co� �o�c sa�ch ve� nha�p t�ch
kho�ng?)
- Was your father or mother ever a US citizen? (Cha hay Me� ba�n co� la� Co�ng da�n
My� kho�ng?)
- Can you speak English? (Ba�n co� no�i tie�ng My� ����c kho�ng?)
- Can you read and write English? (Ba�n co� �o�c va� vie�t tie�ng My� ����c
kho�ng?)
- Can you sign your name in English? (Ba�n co� ky� te�n theo kie�u My� ����c
kho�ng?)
- Where have you lived in the US the last 5 years? (Ba�n �a� �� nh��ng �a�u
tre�n n���c My� 5 na�m v��a qua?)
- Have you worked the last 5 years? Give the names, addresses and type of business of your
employers. (Ba�n co� la�m vie�c trong 5 na�m v��a qua kho�ng? La�m cho ai, ��a
ch� cu�a ho� va� loa�i vie�c g�?)
- Have you been out of the US? If so, give the dates of departure and return and the port
of entry through which you returned. (Ba�n �a� ra kho�i My� ch�a, Ne�u co� cho
bie�t nga�y �i nga�y ve� va� tha�nh pho� ma� ba�n tr�� la�i My�)
- Have you been deported from the US? (Ba�n co� b� tru�c xua�t ra kho�i My� la�n
na�o ch�a?
- Do you owe any taxes to the Federal Government? (Ba�n co� n�� thue� cu�a Ch�nh
Phu� Lie�n Bang kho�ng?)
- State the last year you filed a Federal Income Tax Return. (La�n cho�t ba�n khai
thue� Lie�n Bang la� na�m na�o?)
- What is your full name? (Ho� va� te�n cu�a ba�n la� g�? Do you have any other
names?
- What is your maiden name? (Ba�n co� du�ng te�n kha�c kho�ng? Te�n tu�c cu�a
ba�n lu�c ch�a la�y cho�ng la� g�?)
- What is your address? Your telephone number? (��a ch� cu�a ba�n, �ie�n thoa�i
cu�a ba�n la� g�?
- Where and when were you born? (Ba�n sinh �� �a�u)
- How tall are you? How much do you weigh? (Ba�n cao bao nhie�u, na�ng bao nhie�u?)
- Are you married? What is your husband/wife name? (Ba�n �ang la�p gia ��nh pha�i
kho�ng? Va�y te�n v��/cho�ng cu�a ba�n la� g�?)
- Where was he/she born?
- What is his/her date of birth? (O�ng/Ba� ta sinh �� �a�u nga�y na�o?)
- How many times have you been married? (Ba�n �a� la�p gia ��nh ma�y la�n?)
- How many times your husband/wife been married? (V��/cho�ng ba�n la�p gia ��nh
ma�y la�n?)
- When were you married?
- Where were you married? (Ba�n la�p gia ��nh nga�y na�o ta�i �a�u?)
- Do you have a marriage certificate? (Ba�n co� gia�y ho�n thu� kho�ng?)
- Is your husband/wife a US citizen? (V��/cho�ng ba�n co� la� co�ng da�n My�
kho�ng?)
- How may children do you have? (Ba�n co� ma�y ng���i con?)
- Give the names, sex and ages of your children. (Te�n cu�a chu�ng, nam hay n�� va�
tuo�i cu�a chu�ng no�)
- When did you first come to the US for permanent residence or as a refugee? (Ba�n �e�n
My� nga�y na�o?)
- At what port did you enter the US? (Nha�p va�o My� ta�i tha�nh pho� na�o?)
- How long have you lived in this country? (Ba�n �a� so�ng ta�i My� bao nhie�u
na�m ro�i?)
- Do you intent to live permanently in the US? (Ba�n co� y� ��nh so�ng luo�n ta�i
My� kho�ng?)
- Have you ever made any petition for naturalization before? (Ba�n �a� la�m ��n xin
nha�p t�ch bao gi�� ch�a?)
- When and where did you file your petition? (Ne�u co� th� nga�y na�o va� ta�i
�a�u?)
- Do you wish the court to change your name? (Ba�n co� muo�n Toa� a�n �o�i te�n
cho ba�n kho�ng?)
- Where did you live before you came to the US? (Ba�n �� �a�u tr���c kho ba�n
�e�n n���c My�?)
- What is your fathers full name? (Ho� va� te�n cu�a cha cu�a ba�n la� g�?)
- Do you swear that all your statements are true and correct? (Ba�n co� the� la�
nh��ng s�� ke� khai trong la� ��n na�y �u�ng va� tha�t kho�ng?)
Ne�u ba�n pha�m ca�c to�i sau �a�y cu�ng
kho�ng ����c c��u xe�t cho nha�p t�ch:
- Habitual drunkard (Say s�a r���u che�)
- Narcotic drug addict (Nghie�n thuo�c s� ke, ma tu�y)
- Commit adultery (Pha�m to�i ngoa�i t�nh)
- Assist any alien to enter US illegally (Giu�p ai vo� My� ba�t h��p pha�p)
- Procure Prostitution or Being Prostitute (Ch��a hay ha�nh nghe� ma�i da�m)
- Being an illegal professional gambler (C�� ba�c b�p nha� nghe�)
- Being a polygamist or Practice polygamy (Theo kie�u �a the�)
- Commit a moral crime (Pha�m to�i ta� da�m)
- Engage in illegal drug, alcohol or black market business( D�nh da�ng �e�n vie�c
buo�n ba�n a� phie�n, r���u hay ch�� �en)
- Give false statements to obtain benefits (Man khai �e� h���ng l��i)
Ta�i lie�u Luye�n Thi Nha�p T�ch Hoa Ky� do Ho�i Tha�n H��u Vie�t-Nam Colorado
Springs soa�n tha�o (Tha�ng Ba na�m 1997)
|
|
Th��i S��
T�m Hie�u
K.N. So�ng
Nh�� V.N.
The� Thao
Phie�m lua�n
Ch�nh Tr�
English Section
|