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Glossary Of Terms

C&C++
computer programming languages.Association of C & C++ Users WWW.

Cache
A storage area for recently-accessed data that can be used to retrieve the data from the cache rather than having to repeatedly retrieve the data from its original location. Netscape Navigator includes a cache of the most recently visited sites. You can display information in your cache by entering about:cache in navigator's location text box.
2)
An intelligent buffer. By using an intelligent algorithm, a cache contains the data that is accessed most often between a slower peripheral device and faster CPU.

Capacity
The number of bytes that can be stored on a disk or hard drive.

Cascade
When a posted (USENET)message starts a continous exchange of messages.

CCITT
International Consultative Committee on Telecommunications and Telegraphy. The CCITT acronym comes from the French Commite' Consultatif International de Telegraphique et Telephonique. An international standards body. Known as the ITU-T since March 1, 1993.Communications Standard Review

Central processing unit
The main computer chip that runs operating systems and application software. it performs a computer's essential math functions and controls operations. See CPU.

CERN
The Swiss organization that developed the World Wide Web. The acronym CERN comes from thr French Conseil European pour la Recherche Nucleaire (European Laboratory for Particle Physics), which was the previous name of the organization. SeeCERN

CERT
Computer Emergency Response Team. A clearinghouse of information about network security.CERT.

CGI
Common Gateway Interface. A set of rules that describe how a Web server communicates with another piece of software on the same machine, and how the other piece of software (the CGI program) talks to the web server. Any piece of software can be a CGI program if it handles input and output according to the CGI standard. Usually a CGI program is a small program that takes data from a web server and does something with it, like putting the content of a form into an e-mail message, or turning the data into a database query. You can often see that a CGI program is being used by seeing cgi-bin in a URL, but not always.
2)
The standard used by Web clients and servers to pass input to Web servers and programs written to the CGI specification. The Common Gateway Interface.

cgi-bin
A common name of a directory on a web server in which GCI programs are stored. The "Bin" part of "cgi-bin" stands for "binary", but this is a misnomer, since most programs found in cgi-bin directories are text files that have permissions set to be executable.

Channel
Virtual area where users communicate in real time. There are thousands of channels located on the Internet.

Character reference
HTML code that lets you insert special characters in your web pages. See also entity name.

Character set
A group of letters, numbers, and symbols that have some relationship in common. For example, the ASCII character set contains characters that make up the ASCII coding scheme. See ASCII.

Check box
A small, square box that appears in a dialog box or a form and that can be selected or cleared. When the check box is selected, an x appears in the box. A check box represents an option that you can turn on or off.

Checksumming
A service performed by UDP that checks to see if packets were changed during transmission.

ClariNet
A commercial news service that provides a tailored news report to your desktop.Clarinet.

Clickstream
The "path" a person takes as they navigate through the World Wide Web.

Client
Any program you use to access a server; a computer application that requests support from another program (often called a server which usually runs on a remote computer. For example, Netscape is a client that accesses programs (and web pages) from servers on the Internet.

Client application
An application whose documents can accept linked or embedded objects.

Client pull
A technique designed by Netscape by which a client can specify a time variable and request an HTML file or other data from the HTTP server.

Client-side image maps (CSIM)
An image map that is processed by the browser rather than by the server. The map information for a client-side image is stored inside the HTML document. See also image map.

Client/server computing
The fundamental relationship of computers on the Internet (or any network ), where one computer acts as the client to remotely connect to another computer that acts as a server (also called a host).

Clone
An IBM-compatible computer system.

Cobol
Common Business-Oriented Language. A high level computer programming language. The business world's programming language on mainframe computer systems , it has never achieved popularity on smaller PCs.

Command
An instruction that tells the computer to start, stop, or continue an operation.

Common ground
An application and file format that allows documents with formatted information to be viewed on different platforms. Common Ground documents typically include a viewer program.

COM port
Communications Port. A plug-in socket in back of the computer for hooking up devices such as modems.

Communications settings
Settings that specify how information is transferred from your computer to advice (usually a modem or printer.

Communications software
Referred to as telecommunications software, this software allows one computer to connect with other computers across telephone lines (via modems) and share information. Communications software transmits instructions to your modem that directs it to make connections, transfer files, and carry out other procedures.

Compound device
An MCI device that uses media files, compared to a simple device, which does not require media files. For example, to run a compound device such as a MIDI sequencer, you must specify a MIDI file.

Compound document
A document that contains information created by using more than one application.

Compression
The compacting of flies to save storage space and reduce the time it takes to transfer data. Various compression formats and programs are available.

Computer
A device capable of accepting data, applying prescribed process to this data, and displaying the results or information processed.

Configuration file
A file kept by application software to record various aspects of the software's configuration, such as the modem it uses.

Connection
When two computers have established a path through which the exchange of information can occur.

Connect time
The period during which a user is signed on, usually for a fee, to an online service, bulletin board system, host computer, or Internet service provider.

Content-based marketing
The packaging of business information as a resource for users on the Internet instead of using conventional advertising copy.

Conventional memory
Up to the first 640k of memory in your computer.

Cookie
The most common meaning of Cookie on the Internet refers to a piece of information sent by a Web Server to a Web Browser that the Browser software is expected to save and to send back to the Server whenever the browser makes additional requests from the Server. Depending on the type of Cookie used, and the browser settings, the Browser may accept, warn or not accept the Cookie, and may save the Cookie for a set period of time. Cookies can contain information such as log ins or registration information, user preferences, or data on if You have viewed this page before. When a Server receives a request from a Browser that includes a Cookie, the Server is able to use the information stored in the Cookie. For example, the Server might customize what is sent back to the user, or keep a log of particular users requests. Cookies are usually set to expire after a predetermined amount of time and are usually saved in memory until the Browser software is closed down, at which time they may be saved to disk if their expire time has not been reached. Cookies do not read your hard drive and send your life story to the CIA, but they can be used to gather more information about a user than would be possible without them. Cookie.

Cool Talk
an Internet telephone tool included with Netscape Navigator that provides high-quality audio conferencing, a whiteboard, and textbased communications using the chat tool.

Copy
To put a copy of the selected text or item onto the clipboard so that you can transfer it to another location.

CPU
Central Processing Unit. The computer's microprocessor chip, the brains of the computer. Typically, an IC using very large scale integration technology to pack several different functions into a tiny area. The most common electronic device in the CPU is the transistor, of which several thousand to several million or more are found.

Cracker
A programmer who breaks into computer systems either to trash or just for the sheer thrill of doing it.

CRC
Cyclic Redundancy Check An error-checking procedure for data transmission. The sending device performs a complex calculation, generating a number based upon the data being transmitted, and sends that number to the receiving device. The receiving device performs the same calculation after transmission. If the results match, the transmission succeeds. If the numbers don't match, it means the message was received in an altered state, and the data may be incorrect.

Cross posting
To post a message to more than two newsgroups simultaneously. Crunch
To process large amounts of data.

CSLIP
A compressed version of slip that allows for faster transfer of information.

CSU/DSU
Customer Service Unit/Data Service Unit. A device that is the equivalent of a digital modem and allows a computer to communicate by way of digital lines. ACSU/DSU is used only on a dedicated (leased line) connection.

Cybercafe
A business that serves coffee and Internet access. There are so many you choose.

Cyberpunk
A lifestyle of computer games, Internet surfing, and a big time attitude.

Cyberrattling
A flame, threat, or angry message sent through cyberspace.

Cyberspace
A term coined by William Gibson in his book Neuromancer. The popularized term refers to the digital world of any network, but it is commonly used to refer to the Internet.
2)
The place "you goto" when you reach out beyond your own computer and interact with information or people on other computer systems.

Cybersex
Any type of sexual activity on the net.

Cybersurfer
A person who surfs cyberspace.

Cybored
How you feel when it takes forever for a Web page to load.

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