BAK
Backup copy of a file.
.BAT
An ASCII text file format of executible code for DOS-based
or emulated systems. A programable "BATch" file can be
executed by typing its filename (with or without the
extension) at the DOS command prompt.
Because its contents are in the ASCII format, a batch file can include IBM graphic characters allowing the creation of images (usually menu tables) made up many individual characters placed line by line onscreen. Batch files have no size limits and can contain system configuration and application access and activation controls, onscreen messages and ASCII graphic characters.
Bender
Variations of a sound's pitch over its duration.
.BIN
MacBinary algorithm. Use Aladdin's free StuffIt Expander to decode files for MacOS compatibility.
BinHex
An encoding protocol that preserves a file's MacOS's dual-fork (data and resource) file structure. Used (by a sender) to encode binary files into unformatted ASCII text for E-mail transfer and (by a receiver) to decode them back into their original format. Documents have this extension: .HPX. For more information, contact: http://www.natural-innovations.com/boo/binhex.html
Bitdepth
For a sound, the number of bits, 8 or 16, used to encode each part.
Bitmap ( Bit Map )
The representation of images, including typographical characters, on screen by the variable display of individual pixels. Bitmap files contain the location and color of each pixel (picture element), as well as image size and image resolution (bits per pixel and dots per inch). (Pixels are arranged in a grid of many rows and columns which define the display area of the screen.) Bits per pixel equals the number of bits used to represent the color value of individual pixels in a digitized image.
Depending on the characteristics of the monitor and supporting hardware and software, each pixel may represent from one bit to thirty-two bits. This is the "Color Depth." One bit can be either 0-or-1, off-or-on, a pixel as black or white on screen. Two bits per pixel allows 4 colors. Four bits support 16 colors. Eight bits allow 256 colors. Sixteen bits can generate 65,538 colors. Twenty-four bits allow 16,777,216 colors. Thirty-two bits can display a pixel as one of a millions possible colors.
Bitmapped Graphic images, also called "raster graphics," are easier to convert than "vector graphics" which define images by the end-point locations of sets of lines.
Windows 3.1: To save a graphic to a correctly sized bitmapped file, use the Paintbrush program. Capture the screen containing the graphic; then, save it to the clipboard by tapping: [PrtSc] (print screen) key while pressing: [Alt] (alternate) key. Launch Paintbrush. Select its Edit menu's Paste command. Next, use the Pick tool to select the area to be saved to a bitmapped file. Select: Copy To... command. When the dialog box opens, type the bitmapped filename with a: .BMP extension.
BFT
Binary File Transfer scheme is used to transmit bitmapped images of documents between fax machines. The International Telecommunications Union's (formerly CCITT) BFT T.434 standard allows any type of binary file, including multimedia files, to be transmitted in its original format by fax, over e-mail gateways or networks.
Blue Screen
In film and video, an object is shot against a solid blue colored screen so that the object may be extracted from the background and composited onto a different image.
.BMP
BitMaPped graphics format for Windows 3.x Paintbrush™ supports uncompressed images (of 2, 16, 256, and 17 million colors) and compressed images (of 2, 16, and 256 thousand colors). Filename extensions may be: .BMP when uncompressed and .RLE (Run-Length Encoded) when compressed.
To choose a .BMP file to display as the Windows onscreen wallpaper, in the Desktop dialog box, select Wallpaper; open the File list and select file from among those listed or type the full path indicating its alternative location. Next, select the Center (to center the image on the desktop) or Tile option button (to repeat the pattern to fill onscreen desktop area); then, OK! The file may be deleted in the Windows directory. This format is also supported in OS/2.
.BOB
General graphics data-format for storing an uncompressed 256-color palette-type picture image. The data-format's (Intel) byte order is: the first two words (0 for width, 1 for height) define the picture's horizontal size and vertical size; then 256 byte-triplets (256K * 3 bytes) for the color lookup table's Red, Green, and Blue values; last, the image composed of one byte per pixel (width * height bytes). Files may have a filename extension of: .BOB.
Brightness
In an onscreen image, the balance of dark and light shades.
References are samples only. Each one is presented in greater detail in the Technical Research Assistant 2001
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