Fade in/fade
out
For sound, increasing and decreasing volume between zero and
full.
.FGF
Free Graphics Format is a patent-free format designed to maintain compatibility with GIF source code while adding support for 24-bit pixels. GIF image data is encoded using zip's patent-free deflate algorithm. The Truecolor extension defines the image data for a graphic-rendering block as 24-bit RGB triples. It can be also be used to define 24-bit background and transparency colors. The extension may be identified by its "FGF95a" document header.
FIF
Fractal Image Format compression/decompression (codec) algorithm which supports compression ratios exceeding 100 bytes to 1 (100:1).
Fill
The color, tint, or pattern in an image's closed path, such as a circle, ellipse, rectangle, square or individual text character. A Graduated fill smoothly blends one shade or color into another; for example, from light gray to black. Depending on the application, for print reproduction, choosing a linear representation usually results in "banding" between different percentages, e.g., 20% to 30%. Typically, selecting algorithmic results in smoother transitions between gradations.
FITS
Functional Interpolating Transformation System, developed by HSC Software Corp., for Live Picture. A "project file" of edited changes (mathematical transforms) layered over the image file. The image file is not changed until output is created. You can edit huge image files without the typical system slowdowns that result from changing every pixel.
Flashpix
Image file format and reference implementations developed by Live Picture under a contract from Kodak (the licensor), incorporates elements from HP, Microsoft, Live Picture and Kodak. File compression is approximately 1:10. Image files are resolution-independent, and scalable. A file may store multiple thumbnail-size images which can be used to create a high-quality glossy image, a poster, or a range or lower quality images.
FLC and FLI
DOS/Windows Autodesk Animator™ motion-video graphics data-format. A file may have multiple images, termed as "cells" or "frames," which are accessed in sequence. When opening a "flick" file, if you request a frame-cell other than the first one, all preceding frame-cells must be opened first because each is stored as the difference from the previous one. Animations include a frames-per- second "time value" specified as milliseconds in the FLC format, and "Jiffies" (1/70th of a second) in the FLI format. (A setting of 5 jiffies equals 14 frames per second.)
For playing back the animation, files may include an optional "ring frame" at the end of the file which permits easy wrapping back to the first frame-cell. Typically, frame-cells have: an 8 bit depth (256 colors), 1 byte per pixel, 1 pixel per byte, and 320 pixel width by 200 pixel height. FLC formatted files may have a filename extension of: .FLC; FLI formatted files usually have an extension of: .FLI. Player utility: AAPLAY (DOS shareware).
Flatness
In the PostScript page description language, for graphic (non-text) elements--the number of straight line segments used to print a curved path. The higher the flatness value (from 0 to 100), the fewer the line segments needed to render a curve. The flatness required to print a complex path with acceptable quality depends on the resolution of the printer. The higher the print resolution--the number of dots per inch--the better the reproduction for any given flatness value. The lower the value, the slower the print job. The visual difference between values may not be apparent; for example, between a 0 value and 3.
Fractals
Mathematical formulas to create natural-looking still-images that appear the same at different sizes (scales).
Frame
In NTSC (USA), PAL (European), and SECAM (French) television broadcast, a frame is one complete TV picture consisting of 525 lines (of which 485 have picture content). A "field" is one half of one television frame. (Two 262.5-horrizontal-line fields equals one frame.) Video images are scanned with interlaced horizontal lines; computers typically use a progressive scan. With interlacing, even-numbered lines are displayed on a first pass; on a second pass, the odd-numbered lines are displayed.
The speed at which the lines are displayed is the "screen refresh rate." For video it is 50 or 60-Hz; computers uses higher rates so that the screen does not visually flicker. Monitors that display both fields at the same time are "non-interlaced. The speed at which frames advance in a video sequence is the "frame rate," expressed as the number of frames per second (fps).
A "Frame-grabber" is a videoboard feature that captures a single selected frame from among those that comprise the video. Typically this "Still-frame capture" process digitizes the frame into a bitmap file for computer storage.
Frame-by-Frame Recording
A method of transferring animation sequences from computer to videotape one frame at a time. Unlike direct recording in real time (at 30 frames per second), images can be recorded without concern for playback speed.
Frequency
For a sound, the number of cycles per second in its waveform, as measured in herts (Hz) or kilohertz (KHz).
FSSD
A non-compressed offset binary 8-bit mono sound file format.
References are samples only. Each one is presented in greater detail in the
Technical Research Assistant for 2001
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