.P65
Aldus (now
Adobe) PageMaker™ 6.5x desktop publishing document.
Palette
In a graphics file, it comprises the colors that make up a
picture. To define the positions of colors within a palette,
a "Palette Number Index" is used. The first color is stored
at the index's "0" position.
When viewing an animation or series of images containing different color palettes, a visually disturbing effect may occur, termed: "Palette Switching." "Remapping" an image, is changing the color information for each pixel to correspond to a specific palette.
Representing all the colors in the original image with a smaller palette of colors is termed: "Palettizing." This is accomplished by reducing the number of bits-per-pixel (the "pixel depth").
PAL
Phased Alternate Line television standard used in most European countries. Like SECAM, it specifies 625 lines per frame and 25 frames per second (which results in more flickering than the NTSC standard); however, the chrominance is FM modulated.
.PAR
A temporary file, usually named: 386SPART.PAR or SPART.PAR, created when Windows crashed. It may be stored in the startup drive's AUTOEXEC.BAT file's designated TEMP folder. If found, do not delete.
.PBF
Portable Bitmap Format uses the derivative of the LZ77 inflation/deflation compression algrorithm that is used in gzip software. Deflateion can be preformed in a streaming manner without buffering.
PBM
Portable BitMap, a versatile file format which displays on PCs, MACs, and UNIX systems.
PCC
DOS/Windows data-format.
.PCD
Kodak's Photo CD file format for storing photographs on a CD-ROM. Also used by Pro Photo CD storage.
.PCDI
A Kodak Photo CD image.
PCP
Black and white PC Paint™ data-format for DOS graphics.
.PCT
A Macintosh Picture (PICT) file format.
.PCX, PCX
Zsof's PC Paintbrush™ 1- to 8-bit and 24-bit graphic data-format for DOS/Windows. It supports 2, 4, 16, 256, and 17 million colors. File color translations may be limited to 256 colors.
Portable Document Format, developed by Adobe to support multiplatform document interchange. It is based on a 7-bit ASCII code and Adobe's PostScript page description "hypermedia" language, which supports links to other parts of the same document or remote documents. PDF is implemented in Adobe's Acrobat, Lotus Notes and other groupware applications that work across most network and desktop operating environments including Windows and MacOS. Compliant applications can compress documents using JPEG (10 bytes to 1), LZW (2 bytes to 1), CCITT Group-3 and CCITT Group-4 (8 bytes to 1) compression schemes.
With PDF, a fully formatted document containing text, graphics, images and fonts can be accessed by computers that do not have the operating system or application that created the document. They can be decompressed for viewing at the highest resolution supported by the user's workstation. Documents can be searched, and annotated using a PDF-compliant utility such as Acrobat Exchange. The print-document window provides an option to translate the document's native format to a compressed PDF-file for storage (and possible network transmission), or print the document using a standard PostScript driver.
A PDF document can only be edited by the application that created it. Adobe includes the Acrobat Distiller with PageMaker starting with version 6.0 to make navigating within PDF files easier. PageMaker 6.5 lets you make changes to a document's (or book's) existing index or table of contents which will be reflected in the PDF version of the document because they are registered by hyperlink text markers.
To view PDF files you need Adobe's Acrobat Reader. PDFs are supported by Spyglass' Enhanced Mosaic 2.0 and Netscape. For online access, install it as a viewer (with a PDF extension or PDFViewer Plugin) for your browser.
It is easier to use than HTML. Acrobat 3.x handles four-color images. Its PostScript Level 2 features include preservation of Open Prepress Interface (OPI) comments, overprint settings and halftone information. Documents are rasterized after transmission to a print producer. Acrobat 3.x PDF files can be embedded within HTML code, downloaded, one page at a time, and used to create interactive PDF forms and slide shows for Web distribution.
.PDS
Planetary Data System format is the portable multi-platform patten-free standard used for storing data on NASA CD-ROMS and for storing data collected from Earth-orbiting and planetary mission crafts. It supports 8, 16, 24 and 32 bit color without image-size limits. A document can have multiple images and data sets. PDS is compatible with Huffman compression. Image software examples: IMDISP, NIH, pbmplus, xloadimage and xv.
PE
Aa single uncompressed Portable Executable file, such as an .EXE, .OCX or a .DLL, which is registered at the same time it is downloaded by Web a browser and installed. This format may be used to package a single ActiveX control file. (MIME Type: application/x-pe_%opersys%_%cpu%)
Philips CD-I
Compact Disk-Interactive graphic-images file format standard developed by Philips for storing data on CD-ROMs.
Photoshop
Adobe Photoshop™ data-format for MacOS and DOS/Windows supports 2, 4, 16, 256, and 17 million colors, or 17 million colors plus alpha channel. Files may have a MacOS Type code: 8BIM.
Picon
A picture icon, usually a single frame of video, representing a sequence of video or animation.
.PIC
Lotus Graphic PIC file format.
PICS
Macromedia Director™'s data-format standard for saving non-compressed animation files on MacOS computers. It supports 2, 4, 16, 256, and 17 million colors, or 17 million colors plus alpha channel. Multiple PICT image elements may be stored in the file's Resource Fork. PICS files include pictures of each individual graphic change in sequence from blank screen creation to the file's final graphic image. (Only the final image is stored as a full-frame-size picture.) Consequently, there is an inherent capability to deconstruct the image step-by-step back to the original blank screen.
When using a utility to translate a PICS file, you may be able to choose a full size "composite" (frame) version. It will include the sequence of all picture element changes made during the construction of the image up to its final frame image. This may be better for your purposes choosing a translation that results in multiple "delta" PICS files, one for each image change. These files use: PICS for the file's MacOS Type code.
.PCT, PICT, (PICT1)
PICTure, MacOS's preferred graphics data-format for exchanging files between different applications. It supports 2, 4, 16, 256, and 17 million colors, or 17 million colors plus alpha channel. MacOS graphics data-format includes 8-, 16-, 24, and 32-bit pixel depths. (For RGB images, 24 bits provides a color palette of 17 million colors; 32 bits provide 17 million colors plus an alpha channel for images.)
Related data-formats: Clipboard, PICS, PICT 2 Resources, Picture Icon and Picture Preview, QuickTime Movie, QuickTime Still, Scrapbook, and Startup Screen. These files use: PICT for the file's MacOS Type code.
Conversion utilities may not be compatible with the many different format variations. The publisher of the utility should be able to confirm their product's capabilities. Most utilities cannot open PICT files that are 4000 (or more) pixels wide.
An application that cannot read EPS files may be able to read any PICT portion in it, if it contains a PICT Preview. Typically, PICTs are converted into the Metafile graphic file format for viewing and/or printing on Windows-based systems. Such documents have this extension: .PCT.
PICT2 Resources
MacOS graphics data-format that supports 2, 4, 16, 256, and 17 million colors; 17 million colors plus alpha channel. These files use: PICR for the file's Type code.
Pictor™
PC Paint™ data-format for DOS that supports 2, 4, 16, 256 colors.
Picture Icon, Picture Preview
MacOS System 7 graphics data-format that can be added to the Resource Forks of new and existing image files. It is used to create a miniature version of a file's image for use as its desktop file icon. Subsequently Picture Icon permits each icon to be displayed in three color versions: 2 (B&W) and 16 and 256 colors (Depending on the settings in the Control Panel's Monitor Cdev file). Picture Previews can have 32,768 colors.
.PIF
Program Information File contains Windows 3.1's settings for a DOS program. To modify a PIF file, start the PIF Editor either from File Manager or Program Manager window. Next, call up the PIF for the application you wish to configure, edit its standard-mode or enhanced-mode settings. Tap: [F1] key for help if you need it. Then, save the modified PIF. Use the Save command or the Save As command to create a new file with a different filename which identifies the application; such as, WP.PIF for WordPerfect. Close the PIF Editor by choosing Exit in the File menu. MacOS: access with a utility like SoftPC or SortWindows. The file has this creator type: PCXT and this File Type: PCFL.
Pitch For a sound, discerning the frequency of its waveform, as it reaches the human ear. The greater the frequency, the higher the pitch.
Pixar Pixar™ data-format for MacOS and other operating systems which supports 17 million colors or 17 million colors plus alpha channel. Files may have a filename extension (or Mac file Type Code) of: PXR.
Pixels
These picture element "dots" that define an image (text or graphic) on screen. Arranged in a horizontal and vertical grid, pixels may be round, square, or rectangle shaped depending on the video processing chipset. For displaying digitized video, it is important to have square pixels with a uniform height-to-width aspect ratio, 1-to-1, because most computer displays and printers expect to see them that way. A pixel may be composed of several dots, as on the highest-quality color monitors. The number of bits used to define the colors for each pixel is the "Pixel Depth." The more bits per pixel, the greater the number of possible colors pixel may display. The more pixels there are on screen, the higher the resolution. (However, the image file will require more data-storage space, and output will take longer.)
"Pixelization" is when the size of an image or video clip is increased on screen, each pixel in the image or video is represented by a larger number of screen pixels resulting in a "blocky" looking image. To correct this effect, a video chipset or software application should include a "pixel interpolation" feature. It employs a mathematical algorithm that attempts to fill in the gaps between dots, smooth curves and lines that would otherwise appear jagged. The image resolution is improved without increasing the size of the file.
PixelPaint
PixelPaint™ data-format for MacOS graphics supports images with 256 colors.
.PKG
AppleLink compression/decompression (codec) format. Use Aladdin's free StuffIt Expander to decode files.
.PLN
Atari ST data-format format that supports 2, 4, or 16 color graphics.
PLV
Presentation-Level Video created by RCS (now owned by Intel and IBM), was the first digital-video (compression/decompression) codec. It can run at CD-ROM rates, but compression and image quality are relatively poor for RTV (Real-Time Video). (This codec requires the Intel i750 chip.)
.PM5
Aldus (now Adobe) PageMaker™5.x desktop publishing document. (Documents must be converted by PM6 into new documents useable by PM6 upgrades.)
.PM6
A desktop publishing document with a proprietary format created by Adobe PageMaker™ 6.x (The source application's version is referenced by the number.) Documents can be edited by either MacOS or Windows versions of PageMaker provided that it was created by a PageMaker application with the same or an earlier version number. Windows requires the .PM6 extension.
.PNG
Portable Network Graphics file format. The format supports 1- to 32-bit high-resolution images with multiple layers of transparencies and built-in gama correction. Documents have "lossless" compression.
The file format was designed as a replacement for the GIF format. It improves upon that standard in all aspects except one--it is a single-image file; whereas a GIF file may include multiple images set to support an animated presentation.
The PNG format supports 1- to 32-bit high-resolution images with multiple layers of transparencies (stored in an alpha channel) and built-in gama correction. Documents have "lossless" compression. It includes multiple 32-bit CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) values for detecting errors during transmission.
.PNT
MacPaint Graphic file format.
PNTG
MacPaint, that old B&W standby.
.PLT
Hewlett-Packard Graphics Language (HPGL) graphics file format.
.PLT
Tektronix Plot graphics file format.
.POS
A Silos III computer circuitry Post-layout Simulator Command File.
Poster Frame
This is the image-frame that was chosen by the person who created the movie to represent it.
.PPT
A Microsoft PowerPoint document.
PReP
PowerPC Reference Platform which comprises technical definitions, functional specifications, and interfaces to ensure that all PowerPC applications are compatible&emdash;even if they have different publishers and run under different operating systems.
Because PReP requires little in terms of hardware and conformance to standards, computers can be created with minimal hardware (data storage capacity, RAM, etc.) and only one operating system. This specification competes with the Common Hardware Reference Platform (CHRP) supported by Apple and its PowerPC partners.
.PRH
A SCS NetLister synplicity project file (VHDL) created for Symplify-Lite.
.PRN, PS
A Postscript-defined document
Pro-Frac
TMM's video compression/decompression (codec) based on a "fractal" mathematical technique for DOS-based systems. Fractal images "artifacts" are less "blocky" looking than JPEG images, better defined than wavelet images but just as soft. Pro-Frac supports a playback of 30 frames per second in a 320 (h) by 240 (v) pixel window.
.PRQ
A Synplify-Lite default project file.
.PRV
A SCS NetLister synplicity project file (Verilog) created for Synplify-Lite.
.PS
Adobe's Postscript is a printer control language which supports the high-quality reproduction of documents using laser, ink-jet and printers with similar capabilities to accurately render images and fonts. It may also be used to deliver such complex documents via the Internet. Read EPS and EPSF.
.PSD
Adobe Photoshop's Photo CD file format.
.PT6
A template file, created by Adobe PageMaker version 6, which is used to automatically create documents with duplicate content, scripts, and specifications. (The PageMaker application's version is referenced by the number.) Windows documents have a .PT6 extension.
.PUB
This extension is used to identify documents created by Microsoft Publisher.
PVL
One of two Digital Video Interleaved (DVI) compression/decomp-ression (codec) formats. PVL can playback video at 604 (h) by 480 (v) pixels at 30 fps. With asymmetric schemes, compressions are slower than decompressions. PVL frame compressions are much slower than RTV, playback quality is much better and at a data rate suitable for single-speed CD-ROM.
PWRK
PaintWorks™ packed 16-color hi-res file format for Apple IIGS systems.
Px64
"P times 64" is an international ISO standard compression/decompression (codec) format for storing video and audio on digital media for MacOS- and Windows-based systems. It is based on a DCT (discrete cosine transform) algorithm. It includes the H.261 compression and signaling and H.320 audio support protocols (using the same intraframe compression techniques as MPEG). Playback is in a window of 352 (h) by 288 (v) pixels at 15 frames per second.
References are samples only. Each one is presented in greater detail in the Technical Research Assistant for 2001
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